IMadrid yidolophu enkulu yeSpain, esona sixeko sikhulu kweli lizwe kunye neyesibini kwi-European Union enabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 (ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-6 kwingingqi yedolophu). Ukusukela phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngexesha likaKumkani uFelipe II, ibilikomkhulu laseSpain kunye nesihlalo sikaRhulumente, iiCortes, ikwayindawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yookumkani. Kwakhona iMadrid ibonelela ngeendawo ezingenakubalwa zokwazi kunye neendawo zokulahleka.
Nokuba kukubaleka ngokufutshane okanye uhambo lweshishini, ukuba ucwangcisa ukutyelela iMadrid kungekudala, nazi iindawo ezibonisa iMadrid.
Isikwere esikhulu
Kwimvelaphi yayo yayisisikwere esimi ngaphandle kwedolophu ebiyelweyo. Yayisaziwa njenge Plaza del Arrabal kwaye abarhwebi bade beze kuyo bezokuthengisa iimveliso zabo ngexabiso eliphantsi, yiyo loo nto yayihlala iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu ngabahlali.
Embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, yanikwa ilungelo lokubamba umboniso wenyanga kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha yafumana imeko edolophini ngakumbi xa ezinye izindlu zazakhiwe macala onke. Xa, kwakuloo nkulungwane, u-Felipe II wayifudusela inkundla eMadrid, kwafuneka ukuba enze uSodolophu wasePlaza oyinyani onikwe ukuthandwa kwale ndawo kunye nokubaluleka kwesixeko. Ukumkani uphathise umyili wezakhiwo uJuan de Herrera ngale projekthi, wayithatha njengonxande oluziimitha ezili-152 ubude ngeemitha ezingama-94 ububanzi.
Apha amaqela ahlukeneyo akhoyo adibana ukuze athengise iimveliso zawo kwaye ngenxa yoku ahanjiswa kuzo zonke iimbombo zePaza kaSodolophu enika igama lawo, ngale ndlela, eCasa de la Carnicería, eCasa de la Panadería, eArco de Cuchilleros, njl. .
Kuthathe iminyaka emibini kuphela kwaye kwajikeleza malunga ne-900.000 yeeducats ukuyakha, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwayo luphawule indawo ebalulekileyo edolophini, kuba yayiyeyona ndawo inkulu yoluntu eMadrid enokubonakala naphina esixekweni. Ukongeza, kungekudala yaqala ukubamba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemisitho enje ngemiboniso edumileyo, ukhenketho, iinkqubo kunye nokubethwa, ukwenziwa koluntu, njl.
Phantse iminyaka eli-150, ngeKrisimesi usodolophu wasePlaza ebegcwele izitali zezinto zekrisimesi, izinto eziqhula kunye nezinxibo zazo zonke iintlobo. Kwaye kutshanje ibhiyozele isikhumbuzo sayo seminyaka engama-400 ngesimbo.
IPuerta del Sol
Kufuphi noSodolophu wePlaza yiPuerta del Sol, esinye sezona ndawo zidumileyo eMadrid. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba aliqela: phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iCasa de Correos yaqala ukwakhiwa kwaye kwinkulungwane kamva, isikwere sathatha imilo yayo yokugqibela sibulela kubayili bezakhiwo uLucio del Valle, uJuan Rivera noJosé Morer. Kwakungekho ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX xa umthombo, iigadi zongezwa kwaye indawo yabahambi ngeenyawo yandiswa.
EPuerta del Sol sifumana iindawo ezintathu ezaziwa kakhulu: umfanekiso webhere kunye nomthi we-strawberry (1967), indawo yokuhlangana yabemi, iwotshi kunye neposi ukusuka apho kuphuma khona ii-chimes zonyaka kunye ne-khilomitha zero, indawo apho oohola bendlela baseSpain baqala khona nalapho abakhenkethi bathatha khona ifoto efanelekileyo.
Itempile yeDebod
KwiParque de la Montaña de Madrid ibenye yobutyebi obukhulu bekomkhulu laseSpain: itempile kaDebod. Itempile eneminyaka engama-2.200 XNUMX ubudala esele iluphawu lwesixeko.
Efumaneka kwintshona yePlaza de España, esi sikhumbuzo samandulo sasisisipho esivela e-Egypt saya eSpain ngentsebenziswano yaso ekuhlanguleni iitempile zaseNubian kumsitho wolwakhiwo lweDama elikhulu lase-Aswan. Ngale ndlela yayithuthwa ngamatye ngamatye kwaye ivulelwa uluntu ngo-1972 emva kweminyaka emibini yokwakhiwa kwakhona. Yayiyinkqubo enzima ukusukela, ukongeza ekungabinazicwangciso, amanye amatye okuqala alahleka ngexesha lokudilizwa kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Ukwakhiwa kwakhona okwenziwa eMadrid kwagcina ulwazelelo ukusuka empuma ukuya entshona kwindawo yayo yoqobo. Itempile ijikelezwe ziigadi kwaye baninzi abantu abasebenzisa le ndawo ukuhamba, ukwenza ipikniki, ukudlala imidlalo okanye ukufudumeza ilanga elunxwemeni. Njengomdla, ichibi esilifumana ejikeleze itempile yinkumbulo yeNayile.
Iphambili yeRoyal Palace yaseMadrid
Royal Palace
IRoyal Palace yaseMadrid, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPalacio de Oriente, yayiyindawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yookumkani baseSpain nangona namhlanje isetyenziselwa ulwamkelo kunye nezenzo ezisemthethweni okoko ookumkani bahlala ePalacio de la Zarzuela.
Ukwakhiwa kweRoyal Palace kwaqala ngo-1738 kwaye indawo ekuyo iyafana naleyo yeBhotwe laseHabsburgs, elatshatyalaliswa ngomhla weKrisimesi ngo-1734 ngomlilo. Ijikelezwe ziigadi zaseCampo del Moro, ezivela kumaXesha Aphakathi, kunye neegadi zeSabatini, ezazenziwe ngenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. ICampo del Moro inokundwendwelwa emini.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukucinga ngokutshintshwa konogada basebukhosini, okwenzeka rhoqo ngoLwesithathu ukusuka nge-Okthobha ukuya kuJulayi nge-11 kusasa.
Ipaki yomhlala-phantsi
Ngeehektare eziyi-125 kunye nemithi engaphezu kwama-15.000, i-El Retiro Park yindawo yoxolo entliziyweni yeMadrid. Ayisiyiyo enye yemiphunga yekomkhulu laseSpain, kodwa ikwabonelela abahlali kunye nabakhenkethi uluhlu olubanzi lwenkcubeko, ulonwabo kunye nemidlalo.
Imvelaphi yepaki i-El Retiro ikwiminyaka ye-XNUMX xa uKumkani u-Felipe IV, u-Count-Duke wase-Olivares, wanika inkosi umhlaba othile ukuba wonwabele usapho lwasebukhosini. Ukusukela ngoko kuye kwenziwa uhlengahlengiso oluninzi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuba uke waya eMadrid mhlawumbi uye waya epaki yase-El Retiro ukuhamba, uphuze kwiindawo zokuthakazelisa kwaye uthathe iifoto. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwayo, bambalwa kakhulu abazi iimfihlelo zeli dolophu lixakekileyo kunye nomqondiso wesixeko.