Umsebenzi womakhi onobuhlakani besimanjemanje u-Antonio Gaudí uhlobene kakhulu neBarcelona. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho sikhuluma ngalo mculi sikhumbula ngokushesha iPark Güell, iSagrada Familia eyisithonjana noma izindlu zayo zesimanjemanje. Kodwa-ke, uGaudí washiya imisebenzi emithathu ngaphandle kweCatalonia: iCasa Botines, iCapricho de Comillas kanye ne-Episcopal Palace yase-Astorga. Yinhle ngokulinganayo kepha ayaziwa kangako.
ICasa Botines izovulela umphakathi iminyango yayo kusukela ngo-Ephreli 23 ngemuva komsebenzi omkhulu wokubuyiselwa. Lokhu kuvulwa kuzohlinzeka ngamathuba okufinyelela kulo lonke ibhilidi, ikomkhulu lamanje leFundación España Duero, into eyayingakaze yenzeke phambilini emlandweni wayo weminyaka engu-125. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukubalekela eLeón, sikukwazisa ukuthi uzivakashele mathupha lesi simangaliso sokwakha ngesitembu sika-Antonio Gaudí.
Umlando wamaCasa Botines
Lo mdwebi odumile waseCatalan wayeqeda i-Episcopal House of Astorga ngenkathi u-Eusebi Güell, umphathi wakhe nomngani wakhe, encoma osomabhizinisi ababili bezindwangu ukuthi bafuna umuntu ozokwakha indlunkulu yenkampani yabo, isakhiwo sokuhlala kanye nendawo yokugcina impahla, enkabeni Ibhubesi.
UGaudí waklama isigodlo esiphefumulelwe sangesikhathi esiphakathi lapho engeze khona izici eziningi zesitayela seNeo-Gothic. IBotines House ibifakwe izitezi ezine, ikamelo elingaphansi nekamelo eliphezulu. Ubeke izindlu zabanikazi esitezi sokuqala bese kuthi bonke abanye baye koqasha. Iphinde yagcina indawo ephansi yamahhovisi kanti izindlu ezingaphansi zizosetshenziswa njengesikhungo sokugcina izimpahla senkampani yendwangu ebikuyo.
UGaudí wayefuna ukushiya uphawu lwakhe ngokwengeza emakhoneni imibhoshongo emine eyakhiwe ngocingo, isithombe sikaSanta George nodrako, nomsele ovikelwe ngothango lwensimbi olubunjiwe.
Imisebenzi yaqala ngonyaka we-1892 ngemuva kokunqoba uchungechunge lwezingxabano nomkhandlu wedolobha laseLeón kanti iCasa Botines yaqedwa esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka kwabamangaza bonke. Ukusheshiswa kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo kungaletha impikiswano njengoba kusabalale amahlebezi okuthi asakhiwe kahle futhi sizogcina sesibhidlikile.
Le nkohliso yamthukuthelisa uGaudí ngoba wayengumakhi wezakhiwo zokuqala futhi udumo lwakhe lwalungonakaliswa. Iqiniso ukuthi ekwakhiweni kweCasa Botines, wasebenzisa amasu amasha kakhulu wokwakha afana nezisekelo zamatshe ezakhiwe ngobuciko. Wabuye wavumelanisa isigodlo nesimo sezulu esibandayo sikaLeon esebenzisa izindonga eziwugqinsi zamatshe amakhulu futhi wakhulisa ukukhanya kwangaphakathi ngamawindi amakhulu we-neo-Gothic kanye nezibhakabhaka.
Ukuqeda amahemuhemu ashiwo ngenhla, u-Antonio Gaudí uthumele umbiko wezobuchwepheshe futhi onjiniyela abatholanga zinkinga zesakhiwo. Okuboniswe ngokuhlala kumi amashumi eminyaka kuze kube manje.
Ukubaluleka kwemininingwane
Ngokwakhiwa kwamaCasa Botines, u-Antonio Gaudí wafunda izikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukene zedolobha ukuze ahlanganise umsebenzi wakhe nazo. Isonto lombhishobhi laseLeón lathonya kakhulu umakhi owabeka ama-ashlars amatshe amatshe ngaphandle, wafaka amafasitela asikiwe kanye nesilayidi ophahleni ngesitayela seLeonese futhi wanikeza ingaphakathi izici zeBarcelonan ezikhona emsebenzini wakhe.
Ukuvulela umphakathi
Ngo-1931 iCaja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de León yathola lesi sakhiwo. Yamenyezelwa njengeSikhumbuzo Somlando ngo-1969, kwathi ngo-1994 kwaba nokubuyiselwa okusha. Iphansi lesakhiwo livame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yombukiso. Manje ivula izitezi ezintathu lapho izobonisa khona ingxenye yezingcezu ezingama-5.000 XNUMX enazo, kufaka phakathi imidwebo eyenziwe yiCasas, Sorolla, Madrazo noma iTàpies. Esigabeni esilandelayo uzokwethula okusele ngokuzijabulisa kwesitolo sezindwangu kanye nezinye zezindlu. Ngalokhu banethemba lokuthola imali evumela ukuthi bakwazi ukuzimela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba yindawo entsha yezivakashi ongayivakashela eLeón.
Izintshisakalo zeCasa Botines
Uphawu lwengonyama
Emnyango we-façade eyinhloko, uGaudí wabeka ingonyama yensimbi eqoshiwe, uphawu lomuzi, futhi phezu kwawo isithombe setshe likaSanta George nodrako njengenkokhiso kuzwe lakhe laseCatalonia.
Isifanekiso se-saint george
Ngaphambili kweCasa Botines sithola isithombe sikaSaint George, usanta ongumvikeli waseCatalonia nase-Aragon. Lesi sithombe sathola nokugxekwa eLeón, ngoba saphula isithombe sendabuko sikaSanta George. Isikhunta salesi Saint George senziwa ngqo kumqophi uLorenzo Matamala Pinyol kanti udrako wayefana kakhulu nalowo owawusetshenziswe eSagrada Familia.
Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokubuyisela kabusha ngo-1950, abasebenzi bathola ishubhu lomthofu ngaphakathi kwesithombe esibaziweyo, ngaphakathi okwakukhona amapulani okuqala esakhiwo esisayinwe nguGaudí, inkontileka yempahla, izinhlamvu zemali, isitifiketi sokuphothulwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokunqunywa kwamaphephandaba ngaleso sikhathi.
Isitatimende sika-Antonio Gaudí
Phambi kweCasa de Botines ungabona isakhiwo sihleli eduze komakhi waso. Kuyinto ebunjiwe yethusi eyenziwe nguJosé Luis Fernández, ekhombisa ukuthi uGaudí uhleli uzibhale phansi futhi ubhala amanothi. Ngesikhathi sokuvakashela eCasa Botines de León, ukuhlala kuleli bhentshi nokuthatha isithombe noGaudí kuyinto okufanele yenziwe yizo zonke izivakashi.