Izinkulungwane zabantu zithatha umasipala waseMadrid nsuku zonke ukuzungeza inhlokodolobha yaseSpain. Kuyindlela esheshayo yezokuthutha futhi ingenye yedolobha elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni. INkosi u-Alfonso XIII yethule isigaba sokuqala esixhumanisa iSol neCuatro Caminos ngo-Okthoba 1919 futhi kusukela lapho asizange siyeke ukukhula.
Nokho, iMetro kaMasipala ingaphezulu kakhulu kwendlela yokuhamba. Yize kungahle kungabonakali njengayo, ibuye ibe umnyuziyamu omangalisayo njengoba unamagugu athakazelisayo alinde ukutholwa ngabahambi abaphuthuma. Ngezansi sikukhombisa ezinye zazo ukuze ngokuzayo lapho uhambela ethekwini ume lapho ucabanga, uma ufisa, ucezu oluncane loMlando wethu.
Umlando weMetro Madrid
Ngo-Okthoba 17, 1919, iNkosi u-Alfonso XIII yavula isiteshi sokuqala semetro eMadrid: Izindlela ezine. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-50.000 XNUMX abathatha uhambo lokuqala babona ukuthi isikhathi sabo esijwayelekile sohambo sihamba kanjani kusuka esigamuleni sehora ngethilamu kuya emizuzwini eyishumi kujantshi wedolobha elikhulu. Kwakumaphakathi nekusasa futhi yize ekuqaleni kwaveza izinsolo eziningi, impumelelo yaba khona ngokushesha.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva ukunwetshwa kokuqala kwe-Atocha kwafika futhi ngo-1924 ulayini 2 phakathi kukaSol noVentas kwethulwa. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala ukuvela amathikithi okuqala okuya nokubuya nekheshi lokuqala, okwatholakala ukuthi belikhokhelwe.
Ngisho neMpi Yombango ayizange ikwazi ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwayo. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kuqale impi, kuvulwe umugqa wesi-3, phakathi kukaSol no-Embajadores. Kodwa-ke, ibihlala cishe khona manjalo futhi bekufanele ivalwe njengolayini weGoya-Diego de León (umugqa wamanje 4). Kulesi sigaba, izinqola zazishintsha izakhamuzi ezazithwala amabhokisi ngamabhokisi zisiya emangcwabeni asempumalanga kanti imihubhe yayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela ngesikhathi kuqhuma amabhomu.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFranco nangokwanda kwabantu okwalandela ngawo-60, amapulatifomu olayini 1 enwetshiwe esuka kumamitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-90. Ngesikhathi salolu shintsho, isiteshi saseChamber savalwa ngoba izinguquko zazingenziwa njengoba kwakusejikeni.
Eminyakeni eyalandela iMetro Metro yayizothola ukukhula okukhulu. Ulayini 1960 wavulwa ngo-5 kwathi ngo-1974 ulayini 7 phakathi kukaPueblo Nuevo noLas Musas. Kamuva kuzofika umugqa wesi-6 (oyindilinga), owedlule ongu-8 (okwamanje oyingxenye ye-10 futhi owenza umzila weNuevos Ministerios-Fuencarral) kanye no-9, lapho kwafinyelelwa khona amakhilomitha ayi-100 ngenkathi kuvulwa isigaba sePlaza Castilla-Herrera U-Oria ngo-1983.
Ngawo-90, ukwakhiwa kolayini 8 no-11 kwaqala futhi IMetro de Madrid ibilungiselela ukushiya inhlokodolobha kuboshwe i-Arganda del Rey neRivas Vaciamadrid.
Njengamanje, iMetro ifinyelela komasipala abangu-12 kanti iMadrid ngayinye inesiteshi esingamamitha ayi-600 ukusuka ekhaya labo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili nohhafu basebenzisa le ndlela yokuhamba nsuku zonke, manje, ngomugqa 12, exhuma ne-Alcorcón, Fuenlabrada, Getafe, Leganés neMóstoles.
IMadrid Metro namuhla ingenye yedolobha elikhulu emhlabeni futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezisenhlokodolobha ezinkulu ezisentshonalanga, ligqame ngokuhlanzeka kwalo, ukuphepha kanye nesikhathi sesimanje sezikhungo. Okuqale njengephrojekthi encane yokwenza ngcono ukuhamba kwezakhamizi zaseMadrid namuhla kungenye yamanethiwekhi amakhulu kamasipala emhlabeni, kanye neNew York, London neParis.
IMetro de Madrid, umnyuziyamu omangalisayo ongaphansi komhlaba
IMadrid yidolobha elithandekayo eligcina izimfihlo ngisho nangaphansi komhlaba. Kumele uthathe uhambo lokuhambahamba ujantshi ongaphansi komhlaba ukuze uhlole.
Isibonelo, uma uke wahamba kulayini 1 futhi wadlula eziteshini zaseBilbao nase-Iglesia, uzobe ukubonile ukuba khona kwesiteshi esidala lapho isitimela singami khona. Kuyaziwa ngokuthi "isiteshi sesipoki" kepha igama laso langempela yiChamberí futhi kwakungesinye seziteshi eziyisishiyagalombili ezakha lo mugqa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX.
IMadrid Metro | Isiteshi seChamberí
Ngo-1966 kwafuneka kwandiswe inani lezinqola ezitimeleni zikalayini futhi njengoba amapulatifomu engakwazanga ukukhuliswa ukuze ahambisane nobude bezitimela, kwavalwa ngenxa yokuba seduze kweziteshi eziseduze. Yakhelwe ngumakhi wezakhiwo u-Antonio Palacios yahlala ingasetshenziswa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane futhi yize yenziwa ngezitini yacekelwa phansi. Ngo-2006, inqubo yokuvuselela yaqala ukubuyisa isiteshi futhi yakha nomnyuziyamu okwazi ukufinyelela kuwo mahhala okuzokwaziswa ngayo ukuthi isitimela esingaphansi komhlaba sasinjani ekuqaleni kwaso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuciko bune-niche ebaluleke kakhulu eMetro Metro. Esiteshini iRetiro (umugqa 2) elinye lamapulatifomu lihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yomdwebo ngumdwebi wekhathuni odumile u-Antonio Mingote. Iphinde ibe nehholo lombukiso elihlala imibukiso yezithombe neyokudweba okwesikhashana.
Esiteshini iGoya (ulayini 2 no-4) kukhona nemnyuziyamu yangempela yabathandi bokupenda. Eplatifomu yomugqa 4 kunamakhophi wemidwebo eminingana ebiyelwe emngceleni omhlophe kaFrancisco de Goya. Inani lokukhiqizwa kabusha okungamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ngumdwebi wase-Aragon ohambelana nochungechunge lweLos Caprichos neTauromaquia. Impela iyindlela enhle yokuzijabulisa ngenkathi isitimela sifika esiteshini.
Imivubukulo nayo inendawo ebekiwe eMetro Metro. Iziteshi zikamasipala Ópera neCarpetana ziyakufakazela lokhu. Esikhathini sokuqala, izinsalela zemivubukulo zekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX zatholakala ezigcinwe futhi zaba yingxenye yomnyuziyamu omkhulu kunayo yonke enhlokodolobha engaphansi komhlaba. Izinsalela ngezomthombo nomsele wamanzi ka-Amaniel.
Kowesibili, izinsalela zezinsalela zamathambo zatholakala lapho kumbiwa khona kwakhiwa amakheshi ngo-2008. ZingezaseMiocene Ephakathi futhi, ikakhulukazi, ezigabeni ezifana ne-Anchitherium, i-Amphicyon noma iCheirogaster. Namuhla ungabona ukufana kwalezi zinsalela phakathi nayo yonke isizini njengoba zikhonjiswa emibonisweni ehambisana namaphaneli achazayo.
Izintshisekelo zeMetro Metro
- Imisebenzi yokufaka inethiwekhi kamasipala waseMadrid yaqala ngoSepthemba 19, 1916. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, iNkosi u-Alfonso XIII yavula le ndlela yesimanjemanje yezokuthutha.
- Ithikithi lokuqala leMadrid Metro libiza amasenti ayi-15 ukuya ngakunye. Isikhathi sokusebenza besivela ku-6: 20 ekuseni kuze kube yi-2: 00 ekuseni.
- Ubude bayo yonke imigqa bufinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-324, okwenza kube njalo inethiwekhi yesikhombisa enkulu kamasipala emhlabeni ngemuva kweMoscow, iTokyo, iParis, iLondon, iShanghai neNew York.
- Isiteshi lapho imigqa eminingi ihlangana khona yi-Avenida de América enemana isiyonke.
- Ulayini oneziteshi eziningi ungunombolo 1 onezitobhi ezingama-33 kodwa ohamba isikhathi eside kakhulu ulayini 12, ohlanganisa amakhilomitha angama-40,96 esewonke.
- Enye yezinto ezihlukile zeMetro de Madrid yilokho izitimela zabo zigijima ngakwesobunxelea, lapho iningi lezingqalasizinda zesitimela saseSpain zenza kanjalo ngakwesokudla.
- Isiteshi i-Alto del Arenal (umugqa 1) sibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala, ngoba kukhona iCentral Post elawula konke okwenzeka esitimeleni saseMadrid.