Ukucabanga ngeRoma ukucabanga ngemvelaphi yempucuko yaseNtshonalanga, emagqumeni ayo ayisikhombisa, ekwakhiweni kwayo okumangalisayo, okufakazela umlando wayo omkhulu njengenhloko-dolobha yombuso omkhulu kunayo yonke yasendulo. Futhi-ke kungukuzwa inhliziyo yobuKristu ishaya ivela eVatican Square.
Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude, eRoma kuningi ongakuthola. Ama-anecdotes athakazelisayo, amanye awo asasebenza namanje. Injalo-ke imigede yokungcwaba yaseRoma, imipheme engaphansi komhlaba amaKrestu ayisebenzisa njengamathuna amakhulu eminyaka. Esikhathini esedlule bekunamathuna angaphezulu kwama-60 kodwa mahlanu kuphela awo eze kithina esesimweni esihle ukuwavakashela.
Kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo, sizosondela emangcwabeni eSan Calixto ukuze sazi imvelaphi yawo, ukuphela kwayo, izici zayo nokunye okuningi. Ungaphuthelwa!
Imvelaphi yamathuna okungcwaba
Ngesikhathi sekhulu lokuqala, amaKrestu aseRoma abengenawo owabo amathuna, ngakho-ke basebenzela emathuneni ajwayelekile amaqaba ayewasebenzisa ukungcwaba abafileyo bawo. Ngalesi sizathu, uSanta Peter noSanta Paul ngemuva kokubulawa kwabo bafelwa e-necropolis yaseVatican Hill naseVia Ostiense, ngokulandelana.
Kakade engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesibili leminyaka, ngemuva kokuthola imvume ethile, amaKrestu aqala ukungcwaba abafileyo bawo ngaphansi komhlaba ngakho-ke ama-catacombs aqala ukwakhiwa. Eziningi zazo zembiwa zanwetshwa nxazonke zamathuna emindeni abanikazi bazo, abasanda kuba ngamaKrestu, bengagcini ngokuzigcinela abathandekayo babo kepha bavulela abanye abantu.
Umthetho wamaRoma wangaleso sikhathi wawungavumi ukuthi umufi angcwatshwe ngaphakathi kwedolobha, ngakho-ke le miphakathi kwakufanele ibeke imigede yamathuna aseRoma ngaphandle kodonga lwayo. Kungcono ezindaweni ezifihlekile futhi ezifihliwe ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze sikwazi ukwenza amasiko omngcwabo wobuKristu ngaphandle kokuzizwa uhlushwa.
Isithombe | Izindawo ezihamba phambili zabavakashi
Ngomthetho waseMilan, owamenyezelwa ngumbusi uConstantine noLicinius ngonyaka ka-313, amaKrestu ayeka ukuhlushwa kepha ama-catacombs aqhubeka esebenza njengamathuna kwaze kwaqala ikhulu lesi-XNUMX. Endabeni yamathuna amathuna aseSan Callisto, ISonto laqala ukuhlela nokuphatha kwalo.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, ngesikhathi kuhlasela abezizwe e-Italy (Goths naseLongobards), imigede yamathuna aseRoma yaphangwa ngokuqhubekayo kwathi oPapa abalandelana baphoqeleka ukuba badlulisele izinsalela zokungcwaba emasontweni omuzi ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka. Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX kanye nokuqala kwe-XNUMXth AD Ngale ndlela, ama-catacombs ashiywa futhi ahlala engabonakali isikhathi eside.
Ngekhulu le-1822, uJuan Bautista de Rossi (1894-XNUMX), owayethathwa njengoyise wesayensi yemivubukulo yobuKristu, wahlola imigede yokungcwaba, ikakhulukazi leyo yaseSan Callisto ukuze afunde ngemvelaphi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwale mingcwabo yakudala. Kamuva, cishe ngonyaka ka-1930, iHoly See yanikeza ukunakekelwa kwamangcwaba aseSanta Callisto eBandleni laseSalesian likaDon Bosco njengomnikazi wamathuna.
Isithombe | I-Civitatis
Amathuna amathuna aseSanta Callisto
Amathuna angcwaba eSan Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126) aba khona maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX futhi ziyingxenye yenkimbinkimbi ehlala indawo engamahektare ayi-15, ezitezi ezahlukahlukene ezifinyelela ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-20.
Amathuna amathuna aseSan Calixto kwakuyindawo yokungcwaba opapa abayi-16 kanye nenqwaba yabafel 'ukholo abangamaKristu kwinethiwekhi yayo yemibukiso engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-20 ubude.
Bathola igama labo kumdikoni uSan Calixto, oqokwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nguPapa Ceferino njengomphathi wamathuna.. Ngale ndlela, amathuna amathuna aseSan Callisto aba ngamathuna asemthethweni esonto laseRoma.
Kuvulwa kusukela ngoLwesine kuya ngoLwesibili kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nokusuka ngo-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama.
Isithombe | Izinkundla zeVirgin Mary
Amanye amangcwaba aphawulekayo
Phambilini bekunamathuna angaphezulu kwama-60 kodwa mahlanu kuphela avulekele ukuvakashelwa namuhla. Okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okwaziwa kakhulu (iSan Calixto, iSan Sebastián neDomitila) kutholakala ibanga elifushane ukusuka komunye nomunye ku-Via Appia futhi kusizakala kahle ngamabhasi kolayini 118 no-218.
- ICatacomb yaseSan Sebastián (Via Appia Antica, 136): ubude obungamakhilomitha ayi-12, ibizwa ngegama lesosha elafela ukholo ngokuguqukela ebuKristwini, iSan Sebastián. Kanye namathuna amathuna aseSan Callisto, angcono kakhulu angabonakala. Kuvulwe kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuMgqibelo kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nokusuka ngo-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
- Amathuna amathuna aseDomitila (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): Lawa mangcwaba angaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 ubude atholakala ngo-1593 futhi abizwa ngegama lomzukulu kaVespasian. Kuvulwe kusukela ngoLwesithathu kuya ngoMsombuluko: kusuka ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama naku-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
- Amathuna amathuna kaPrisila (Via Salaria, 430): Aqukethe amafresco abaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wobuciko, njengezethulo zokuqala zeNtombikazi uMariya. Bangavakashelwa kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngeSonto kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nango-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama.
- Amathuna amathuna aseSanta Inés (Via Nomentana, 349): Igama labo balinikwa uSanta Inés, owabulawelwa ukholo lwakhe lobuKristu futhi wangcwatshwa kulawa mangcwaba afanayo kamuva abizwa ngegama lakhe. Zingavakashelwa kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 kusihlwa nango-16: 00 ntambama kuya ku-18: 00 ntambama. Kuvalwa ngeSonto ekuseni nangoMsombuluko ntambama.
Izimpawu emigedeni yamathuna
AmaKristu okuqala ayehlala emphakathini onobutha. Njengoba babengenakukuvuma obala ukukholwa kwabo, amaKrestu adweba izimpawu ezindongeni zamathuna futhi abuye aqoshwe ematsheni amathuna avalwe amathuna. Izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu nguMalusi Omuhle, i-monogram kaKristu, owesifazane othandazayo nenhlanzi.
Yini ongayibona emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma?
Ukuvakashela emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma kuzosivumela ukuthi sazi in situ ukuthi ukungcwatshwa kwamaKristu kwakunjani ngesikhathi inkolo yabo ishushiswa. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuhamba emaphaseji nokubuka izinsalela zomngcwabo ezenziwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule.
Intengo yamathikithi aya emigedeni yamathuna
- Abantu abadala: ama-euro ayisithupha
- Ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-15: ama-euro ama-5