Amathuna amathuna aseRoma

Sicabanga iRoma uma sicabanga ngemvelaphi yempucuko yaseNtshonalanga, emagqumeni ayo ayisikhombisa, ekwakhiweni kwayo okumangalisayo, okufakazela umlando wayo omkhulu njengenhloko-dolobha yomunye wemibuso emikhulu yasendulo. Futhi-ke kungukuzwa inhliziyo yobuKristu ishaya ivela eVatican Square.

Ngenxa yomlando wayo omude, eRoma kuningi ongakuthola. Imvelaphi yawo ayaziwa yize abaningi bephakamisa ukuthi yenzeka ngo-754 BC Kusukela lapho, idolobha selibone izikhathi ezahlukahlukene zomlando we-Italy zidlula, njengobukhosi, i-republic noma umbuso futhi zonke zaveza ama-anecdotes athakazelisayo futhi izindaba, ingxenye yazo enhle ehlala eRoma ngandlela thile.

Injalo-ke imigede yokungcwaba yaseRoma, imipheme engaphansi komhlaba eyayisetshenziswa njengamathuna amakhulu eminyaka. Esikhathini esedlule bekunamathuna angaphezulu kwamashumi ayisithupha kodwa ayisihlanu kuphela afinyelele kithi esesimweni esihle ukuwavakashela.

Eposini elilandelayo, sizosondela emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma ukwazi imvelaphi yayo, ukuphela kwayo, izici zayo nokunye okuningi. Ungaphuthelwa!

Ayini ama-catacombs aseRoma?

Le yimipheme engaphansi komhlaba eyayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokungcwaba ngamaKristu okuqala aseRoma kanye nezakhamizi ezingamaJuda nezamaRoma.

KumaRoma kwakuyisiko ukushisa izidumbu zomuntu oshonile kodwa amaKrestu ayengavumelani nalesi siko, ngakho-ke banquma ukudala la mangcwaba amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba ukubangcwaba ngokwenkambiso yobuKrestu futhi njengendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zokushoda kwendawo nezindleko eziphakeme zomhlaba abangawuthola ngazo lapho benza ukungcwaba kwabo.

Umthetho wamaRoma wangaleso sikhathi wawungavumi ukuthi umufi angcwatshwe ngaphakathi kwedolobha, ngakho-ke le miphakathi kwakufanele ibeke imigede yamathuna aseRoma ngaphandle kodonga lwayo. Kungcono ezindaweni ezifihlekile ezifihliwe ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze zikwazi ukuqhuba amasiko omngcwabo wobuKristu ngokukhululeka futhi ngaphandle kokuzizwa uhlukunyezwa.

Amathuna amathuna okuqala ayejwayele ukwenziwa emaphethelweni eRoma emhlabeni lapho kwakukhona khona inkwali. Ngale ndlela, igama elithi catacomb lisho ukuthi "eduze kwenkwali." Amathuna amathuna aseRoma ayenenombolo engapheli yemibukiso engaphansi komhlaba eyayingakha ama-labyrinths wamakhilomitha amaningana ubude, lapho kwavubukulwa khona imigqa eminingi yemicu engunxande.

Izidumbu zikamufi zazigoqwe ngeshidi zafakwa emigodleni yokuphumula kwaphakade. Kamuva, zavalwa ngamatshe amathuna obumba, futhi ngokungajwayelekile, ngamatshe amathuna emabula. Ekugcineni, igama likamufi laqoshwa esembozweni kanye nophawu lobuKristu.

Umsuka wamathuna okungcwaba eRoma

AmaKrestu aqala ukumba imigede yokungcwaba ezikhathini ezinzima, cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD, ngezikhathi zokushushiswa. Ngesikhathi ababewasebenzisa ngaso, amathuna amathuna aseRoma awazange nje aphendulwe amathuna kuphela kodwa futhi nendawo yokukhonzela kanye nendawo lapho bezizwa bephephile khona ukwenza ukholo lwabo.

Cishe ngonyaka ka-313, ngokusayinwa komthetho waseMilan, ushushiso abaphathi bamaRoma ababelwenza kumaKristu lwaphela, ukuze babe nenkululeko ethe xaxa yokuthola umhlaba ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthathwa ngaleyo ndlela bakhe amasonto amancane lapho ukuthandaza. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umphakathi wamaKristu uqhubeke nokusebenzisa imigede yokungcwaba yaseRoma njengamathuna kwaze kwaba ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD.

Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, ngesikhathi kuhlasela amaqaba e-Italy, imigede yamathuna aseRoma ayephangwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi oPapa abalandelana baphoqeleka ukuba badlulisele izinsalela zokungcwaba emasontweni asedolobheni. Ngakho-ke, ama-catacombs ashiywa futhi akhohlwa kudala.

Amathuna amathuna aseRoma

Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni kweposi, esikhathini esedlule kwakukhona amathuna angaphezulu kwamashumi ayisithupha kodwa ayisihlanu kuphela avulekele umphakathi namuhla. Okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okwaziwa kakhulu (iSan Calixto, iSan Sebastián neDomitila) kutholakala ibanga elifushane ukusuka komunye nomunye kuVia Appia futhi ihlinzekwa kahle ngamabhasi kolayini 118 no-218.

• ICacacomb yeSanta Sebastian (Via Appia Antica, 136): amakhilomitha ayi-12 ubude, ibizwa ngegama lesosha elafela ukholo ngokuguqula ubuKrestu, iSan Sebastián. Ndawonye namathuna amathuna aseSan Callisto, angcono kakhulu.
  Kuvulwe kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuMgqibelo kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nokusuka ngo-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
• Amathuna amathuna aseSanta Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126): Amathuna amathuna aseSan Callisto kwakuyindawo yokungcwaba opapa abangu-16 kanye nenqwaba yabafel 'ukholo abangamaKristu kwinethiwekhi yabo yemibukiso engamakhilomitha angaphezu kwama-20 ubude. Kuvulwe kusukela ngoLwesine kuya ngoLwesibili kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nokusuka ngo-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
• Amathuna amathuna kaPriscilla (Via Salaria, 430): Ziqukethe imidwebo ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wobuciko, njengezethulo zokuqala zeNtombi uMariya. Bangavakashelwa kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngeSonto kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nango-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama.
• Amathuna amathuna aseDomitilla (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): La mangcwaba angaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 ubude atholakala ngo-1593 futhi abizwa ngegama lomzukulu kaVespasian. Kuvulwe kusukela ngoLwesithathu kuya ngoMsombuluko: kusuka ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama naku-14: 00 ntambama kuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
• Amathuna amathuna aseSanta Agnes (Via Nomentana, 349): Igama likaSanta Agnes, owabulawelwa ukholo lwakhe lobuKrestu futhi wangcwatshwa kulawa mangcwaba afika kamuva abizwa ngegama lakhe. Bangavakashelwa kusukela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 00 ntambama nango-16: 00 ntambama kuya ku-18: 00 ntambama. Kuvalwa ngeSonto ekuseni nangoMsombuluko ntambama.

Ukuhlobisa kanye nezithonjana zezingcwaba zamathuna

Kokubili umhlobiso wamathuna amathuna aseRoma kanye nezithonjana zawo kwavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni babenethonya elikhulu elivela eGrisi ngezindikimba ezihlobene nezilwane noma umhlaba wezitshalo kepha benemvelaphi engaqondakaliijuba (uMoya oNgcwele), umvini nokolweni (uMthendeleko), ipigogo (ingunaphakade), inhlanzi (isakramente lobhapathizo), njll.

Kamuva, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesithathu AD, kwavela izingqikithi zeBhayibheli lapho uKristu amelwa njengoMalusi Omuhle noma njengoMfundisi.

Abavubukuli bakwazile ukuthola izinsuku zamathuna amathuna aseRoma ngenxa yesiko lokulungisa izinhlamvu zemali noma ama-cameo ezindongeni ezenza ukuthi kwazeke ukuthi lowo muntu ufele ngaphansi kukabani umbusi. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlamvu zemali zinomfanekiso kaDomitian nezinye zikaNero noma uVespasian.

Yini ongayibona emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma?

Ukuvakashela emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma kuzosivumela ukuthi sazi ukuthi injani imingcwabo yamaKristu ngesikhathi beshushiswa. Kuyathokozisa kakhulu ukuhamba emaphaseji aswakeme futhi ubheke izinsalela zomngcwabo zabanye abangcwatshwayo ezenziwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule.

Njengokulangazelela, ngenxa yokufa kwezinsana okuphezulu ngalesosikhathi, emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma singabona inani elikhulu lemichilo yezingane kanye namathuna amakhulu okungcwaba yonke imindeni.

Intengo yamathikithi aya emigedeni yamathuna aseRoma

• Abantu abadala: ama-euro ayisithupha
• Ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-15: ama-euro ama-5