Ukukhuluma ngeGibhithe ukukhuluma nile river river. Lo mfula uzalelwa esifundeni esisethafeni seGreat African Lakes, uhamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-6000 ngaphambi kokuthela amanzi alo oLwandle iMedithera. Umcengezi wawo uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: enye yakhiwa izindlela ezingaphezulu neziphakathi zomfula kanti enye yakhiwa inkambo engezansi yeNayile.Izifundo ezingenhla neziphakathi ziyahluka ngobubanzi ukusuka eKhartoum, inhlokodolobha yaseSudan, zidlula ibhakede livulekele enyakatho. Kwakhe Isimo sezulu Kuyinto ejwayelekile eNtshonalanga nase-Sahara e-Afrika, njengoba inezindawo eziwugwadule, ama-steppe nezindawo ezingama-savanna. Ingxenye engezansi yomfula noma eyaziwa nangokuthi ingxenye esenyakatho, iyahambelana neGibhithe.
EGibhithe, umfula ngemuva kokudlula Izimpophoma ZaseNayile maphakathi nendawo futhi icebise ukugeleza kwayo ngomnikelo wamanzi omsele waseTopiya, ikhuphula isiqeshana esingamakhilomitha ama-2 kuye kwangama-25 ububanzi okuyindawo enhle futhi enabela eDelta. I- izimpophoma singabathola phezulu: eyokuqala itholakala e-Aswan bese kuthi eyesibili ibe seWadi Haifa. Ohambweni lwayo olunqamula eGibhithe, lo mfula uhanjwa kalula.
INayile ihlukanisa izwe libe yiGibhithe Eliphezulu, Ephakathi Nasezansi. Amabanga okuqala ukusuka emngceleni weNubia kuya kubude beHermopolis, cishe lapho kuqala iGibhithe Ephakathi. Lapha, ingalo yomfula, entshonalanga, izongena eLake Moeris, esingezansi kwengcindezi ye-El Fayum, amamitha angama-400 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Leli chibi lehle ngosayizi kangangokuba idolobha lasendulo iCocodrilópolis, elisogwini lwalo, namuhla cishe lingamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka kulo. I-Lower Egypt ifana ngokuyisisekelo neDelta.
EGibhithe, iNayile igijima ibanzi, ihamba kancane futhi ejwayelekile, kodwa lokhu kuvamile kwephulwa kanye ngonyaka lapho kukhuphuka kakhulu ngenxa yezimvula eziwela emfuleni i-Ethiopia ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Amanzi athwala ama-basaltic alluviums akha udaka lomanyolo odumile obomvu, ongeza izinzuzo kulabo ababangelwe yisikhukhula. Lokhu kuqala ngoJuni, kufinyelela ekugcineni kwayo ngoSepthemba kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Kusuka lapho lapho amanzi ehla futhi, afinyelela ezingeni lawo eliphansi ezinyangeni zikaFebhuwari noMashi. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ukwazi lapho kunqunywa izinsuku zohambo lwethu oluya eGibhithe.
Isimo sezulu eGibhithe
Isimo sezulu siwugwadule kanti imvula enayo minyaka yonke ingaphansi kwama-250 mm (eCairo, ama-30 mm kuphela). Lesi simo sezulu esomile sichaza kakhulu ukulondolozwa okuhle kakhulu kwezikhumbuzo zasendulo kanye nezidumbu.
Njengoba kujwayelekile kulezi zimo zezulu, i-oscillation eshisayo evela emini nasebusuku ibizwa kakhulu. I- ubusika abumnene futhi i ihlobo, kushisa kakhulu, ancishiswe kancane enyakatho yimimoya evela oLwandle iMedithera, edonswa yindawo ephansi yengcindezi yendawo yangaphakathi efudumele.
Ugwadule luthatha ama-97% endawo yamanje yaseGibhithe. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezindawo eziwugwadule ezinwebeka empumalanga nasentshonalanga yeNayile.Iyokuqala yakha ukwandiswa kogwadule lwase-Arabia, olunezintaba nokuphakama okungafika ku-2000 m. Ngasentshonalanga, i-erg enkulu yaseLibya iyaqhubeka, ethafeni eliphakeme, elinama-oases athile.
Izakhamizi nolimi lwazo
I-Classical Egyptology ibilokhu icubungula inani labantu baseGibhithe njengabadabuka e-Afrika, leqembu lezilimi zaseCamitian, izakhamuzi zalo ezisuka eSomalia ziye eLibya. Kwakungaba ukulahla izindawo njengoba ugwadule lwabathola ukuze ekugcineni bahlale esigodini esivundile soMfula iNayile (lapho ukudoba nokuzingela nakho kwakukuningi).
Inani labantu bakudala belizokwengezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaSemite avela e-Asia adabula iSinayi, kanye namaNubiya aseningizimu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ulimi lwaseGibhithe lubangelwa ukuxhumana neqembu lasentshonalanga lamaSemite.
Manje njengoba usazi isimo sendawo yaseGibhithe nesimo sezulu sayo unyaka wonke, usukulungele ukukhetha usuku oluhle kakhulu lohambo lwakho. Ungakhohlwa ukuvakashela amaphiramidi adume kakhulu ezweni: iPhiramidi Elikhulu laseGiza, amathuna noma ama-cenotaphs wamaharahara Cheops, Khafre neMenkaure, njll. Futhi wena, unayo iGibhithe ohlwini lwakho lwamazwe ongaya kuwo?