Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwazi iSpain namasiko aseSpain. Okokuqala ukuhamba kuleli, ukuvakashela amadolobha namadolobha, ukujabulela ubuhle bendawo, ukunambitheka kwesisu sayo nokuvakashela iminyuziyamu nezikhumbuzo zayo. Okunye ukuhamba eNew York bese ufaka i-Hispanic Society of America, inxusa elikhulu lamasiko aseSpain phesheya.
Ingxenye yokuhle kakhulu iSpain ekwazile ukuyinikeza umhlaba itholakala kuleso sikhungo esidumile esiseManhattan esenziwe ngonyaka we-1904 ngu-American philanthropist no-Hispanicist Archer Milton Hungary. Manje, sibonga embukisweni «Imibono Yomhlaba WeSpanishi. Amagugu e-Hispanic Society of America »avela ePrado Museum baseYurophu banethuba lokuvakashela iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke lobuciko beSpanishi ngaphandle kweSpain (enezicucu ezingaphezu kwezingu-18.000), inhlanganisela yePrado Museum, iNational Archaeological Museum neNational Library yaseSpain ngamagama omqondisi we-Hispanic Society nomgcini wombukiso, uMitchell A. Codding.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 4 kuya ku-Septhemba 10, i- “Visiones del mundo hispánico. Amagugu Omphakathi WeSpanishi WaseMelika » umbukiso ohlanganisa ndawonye iqoqo lemisebenzi engama-214 (ukudweba, ukubaza, imibhalo yesandla, ubuciko bokuhlobisa kanye nezingcezu zemivubukulo nezindwangu) ezihlanganisa iminyaka engama-4.000 yomlando.
Lo mbukiso ucatshangelwa njengesipho sika-Archer Milton Huntington (1870-1955), umsunguli we-Hispanic Society of America eNew York ngokusabalalisa nokutadisha isiko laseSpain e-United States.
Wayengubani u-Archer Milton Huntington?
Wazalelwa eBronx, wayeyindodana kasomabhizinisi lapho athola khona omunye wemali enkulu kakhulu ezweni. Ngesikhathi esemusha, waya eParis naseLondon okokuqala. Lapho wamangazwa ingcebo yaseLouvre neBritish Museum futhi kwakusenhlokodolobha yaseBrithani lapho athenga khona incwadi yombhali waseNgilandi uGeorge Borrow ngamaGypsy aseSpain. Lokhu kwavusa isithakazelo sakhe emasikweni aseSpanishi. Lapho eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, wadabula izwe lethu izikhathi eziningana futhi wathandana namasiko ethu. Kungakho anqume ukunikela ngempilo yakhe ekufundeni nasekusabalaliseni isiko lamaSpanishi, enza umtapo wolwazi kanye nomnyuziyamu eNew York.
Ngakho-ke, cishe ngo-1900, waqala ukuthenga imisebenzi yeqoqo lakhe ngesikhathi lapho impi yaseCuba yayonakalise udumo lwaseSpain e-United States. Kancane kancane lanweba iqoqo lalo laze lafaka izinto ezingama-750.000 ezihlobene ikakhulukazi neNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, iMelika kanye nePhilippines.
Injani i-Hispanic Society of America?
Kutholakala ku-Broadway phakathi kwemigwaqo engu-155 no-156 eNew York, i-Hispanic Society of America iyisikhungo esenzelwe ukutadisha nokusabalalisa isiko laseSpain e-United States. Yakhiwe ngomnyuziyamu nomtapo wezincwadi oheha izinkulungwane zabantu unyaka nonyaka yize ungatholakali eduze kweminyuziyamu enkulu ye-Big Apple.
Ngabasebenzi abangaba ngu-30, i-Hispanic Society of America ixhaswe ngasese ngokuphelele. Isabelomali saso saminyaka yonke sicishe sibe yizigidi ezingama-4 zamadola: ngaphezulu kwengxenye kuvela ezimali zezikhungo uqobo nakuma-trust ashiywe yiHuntington. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathola iminikelo nezimali eziqoqwayo ngemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene, njengombuthano waminyaka yonke wesikhungo.
Lesi sikhungo senza imizamo emikhulu yokwazisa ngesiko lamaSpanishi kubantu baseMelika, abanye babo abavame ukudida isiko laseMelika laseSpain neSpanishi. Kepha naphakathi kwabaseSpain, ngoba phambilini wayenze imalimboleko ebalulekile ngemibukiso eThyssen Museum noma ePrado Museum. Okwagqama kakhulu kuze kube yimanje kwakuyi "Vision of Spain" okwathi ngo-2009 kwaba namaphaneli ayi-14 adwetshwa uJoaquín Sorolla wesikhungo ngamasiko nezinganekwane zezifunda ezahlukene zezwe. Lowo uthole izivakashi ezingama-900.000 kanti umbukiso wamanje uthembisa ukudlula lelo nani.
I-Hispanic Society of America ePrado Museum
Isithombe | We bafowethu
Yonke ingcebo yayo enkulu yayingakaze isuke eNew York, kepha kuze kube nguSepthemba 10 sinethuba lokuyibona ePrado Museum eMadrid. Ngemuva kwalokho, lo mbukiso uzohambela iminyuziyamu eminingana e-United States (i-Albuquerque Museum eseNew Mexico, i-Museum of Fine Arts eHouston…) mhlawumbe izophinde iye eMexico.
Amagugu aseSpanishi ayimisebenzi yobuciko engaba ngu-18.000, kufaka phakathi izingcezu zemivubukulo, imidwebo, imidwebo, izithombe ezibaziwe, izinto zokuhlobisa, ubucwebe, izindwangu ... kusukela ngePaleolithic kuya ekhulwini lama-60. Imisebenzi engama-XNUMX% ayikaze ikhonjiswe ngaphambili eSpain.
Isithombe | Umlando kanye ne-Archaeology
Ku-Prado uzobona ukukhethwa okuncane kodwa okuhle. Umzila ohlongozwayo uqala enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC ngamakhemikhali ePaleolithic futhi ufinyelela ekhulwini lama-XNUMX ngemidwebo kaSorolla, Zuloaga noma uRamón Casas, phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwemivubukulo yasendulo nemisebenzi yabadwebi kusukela esikhathini sikaHuntington, lo mbukiso uhlanganisa ukubaza kwamaRoma, amaFenike, amaVisigoth, iHispano-Muslim, i-Christian Middle Ages, ubuciko bamakholoni, ubuciko beGolden Age, ubucwebe, imibhalo yesandla, izincwadi incunabula, amamephu, izincwadi zomthetho ne-etcetera ende. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi aphoqe ukuba angene kuwo wonke amakamelo esikhashana ephiko leJerónimos, lapho kubhekwa futhi idokhumentari emayelana nomsizi waseMelika, eNew York nesikhathi sakhe.
Ngokuxhaswa okukhethekile kweBBVA Foundation, umbukiso «Visiones del mundo hispánico. Amagugu e-Hispanic Society of America »azovulelwa umphakathi esakhiweni saseJerónimos esiseMuseo del Prado. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kusebenzisana nePrado kusetshenziselwe ukubuyisa ubukhazikhazi bokuqala nobukhazikhazi kweminye imidwebo emihle kaGoya kanye neVelázquez efana neLa Duquesa de Alba noma iPortrait of a Girl, ngokulandelana.