Ngasentshonalanga yeSpain iMérida, inhlokodolobha yase-Extremadura, eyasungulwa amaRoma ngekhulu lokuqala BC. Lapha kunenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwakha eYurophu, lapho ingxenye yaseshashalazini yamaRoma yedolobha iyingxenye yayo.
Yize amaRoma ayengayithandi le nkundla, idolobha elalihlonishwa iMérida kwakudingeka libe nesakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele semidlalo yasesiteji. Leyo ka-Augusta Emerita (njengoba yayaziwa ngaleso sikhathi) yayinabantu abangu-6.000, okuyisibalo esiphakeme kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi ngokubaluleka kwaleli dolobha laseSpain.
Njengamanje, njalo ehlobo kusingathwa imidlalo ye-Mérida Classical Theatre Festival. I-aphoyintimenti ebuyisa ubukhazikhazi bayo nomsebenzi wokuqala eyenzelwe wona emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.
Umlando Wetheyetha LamaRoma laseMerida
I-Theatre YaseRoma yaseMérida yakhiwa ngaphansi kokuphathwa ngu-Agrippa, umkhwenyana ka-Augustus, phakathi kuka-16 no-15 BC ngokucela kukanxusa uMaco Vipsanio Agripa. Njengoba yayichayeke ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu esibi, kwakudingeka ilungiswe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesibili lesikhathi phakathi kukahulumeni weNgonyama uTrajan.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwakhiwa khona i-façade yamanje, enezikhala ezintathu lapho abalingisi bengena khona esiteji. Kamuva, ngaphansi kokubusa kukaMbusi uConstantine, kwethulwa umgwaqo kakhonkolo ozungeze itshe lesikhumbuzo kanye nezinto ezintsha zokwakha nezokuhlobisa. Inkundla yale midlalo ibinendawo egandaywe ngemabula, ngaphezu kwezithombe eziningana neminyango emithathu.
I-Theatre YaseRoma yaseMérida yayinabathandi abangu-6.000. Lokhu kwasatshalaliswa kusuka ezansi kuye phezulu ngokusho kwesigaba senhlalo emikhakheni emithathu yezitendi, ezahlukaniswa yimigoqo namaphaseji futhi kwangenwa ngezitebhisi.
Kamuva le ndawo yahlala isikhathi eside sokuncipha. Ngakho-ke, yashiywa yambozwa isihlabathi, ngendlela yokuthi kwakubonakala kuphela i-tier engenhla (summa cavea). Kamuva iTheatre YaseRoma yaseMérida yathola igama lika Izihlalo eziyisikhombisa ngoba ngokwesiko, amaSulumane amaMoor kuthiwa ayehlala phansi ukunquma ngesiphetho sedolobha.
Ukuvubukulwa kwezinto zemidlalo yaseshashalazini kwaqala ngo-1910. Kusukela ngo-1933 ibisingathe umgubho we-International Classical Theatre Festival of Merida kwathi ngo-1962 kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha ingxenye yayo. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ye-UNESCO ngo-1993.
Ukusatshalaliswa kweTheatre YaseRoma yaseMerida
Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini iseduze nodonga futhi inengxenye enkulu yezitendi zayo encike egqumeni laseSan Albín, endaweni engaphesheya kwesakhiwo saseRoma.
Ababukeli beRome Theatre yaseMerida bahlala ezihlalweni zabo komunye wemikhakha emithathu yezitende ezikhona ngokuya ngohlaka lwabo lomphakathi: i-caveas summa, imidiya kanye ne-ima, ezahlukaniswa yimigoqo namaphaseji.
Lapho umsebenzi wokumba uqala ngo-1910 ukuthola izinsalela zeshashalazi, isigaba esiphakeme esasiwohloka kwaba ukuphela kwento eyaphuma esihlabathini esayisimbozile. Esikhathini esedlule, lapho izindlu zokungena zazicekelwa phansi, kwakusele izidumbu eziyisikhombisa zezitebhisi zazo ezazimi, okwaholela ekutheni la manxiwa abhapathizwe njengezihlalo eziyisikhombisa, esasikhulume ngazo phambilini.
I-cavea ima kwakuyindawo ehlala ama-knights ka-Emerita Augusta. Ngesikhathi sikaTrajan isikhala esingcwele saguqulwa futhi sakhiwa enkabeni yaso sizungezwe ngomugqa wemabula. Phambi kwe-cavea ima sibona izinyathelo ezintathu eziphansi nezibanzi, lapho abapristi nezimantshi bawuthokozela lo mbukiso.
Isikhala esiyindilinga lapho ikwaya, i-orchestra yayikhona, inendawo yemabula, umphumela wokuguqulwa sekwedlule isikhathi. Isimo siyavalwa ngodonga olungamamitha angama-30 ukuphakama oluhlelwe ngemizimba emibili yamakholomu lapho singabona khona izithombe ezibunjiwe zababusi nabonkulunkulu.Zonke izinto ziphakama emsamo ezihlotshiswe ngamamabula acebile.
Ngemuva kodonga lwesiteji kunensimu enkulu evundlisiwe evalwe izindonga ngemicenge ebihlotshiswe ngezithombe zamalungu omndeni wobukhosi. Ekuqaleni yahunyushwa njengomtapo wezincwadi, kepha ukutholakala kwezithombe eziningana, kufaka phakathi isithombe esidumile sika-Augustus esimbozwe njenge-Pontifex Maximus nomunye kaTiberius, kanye nemibhalo eqoshiwe eminingana ehlobene nenkolo yasebukhosini, kwaholela ekuchazeni ukuthi indawo emiselwe le nkolo, eyayizohlala ethempelini likaDiana.
Isithombe | Wikimedia Commons
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