IMadrid iyinhloko-dolobha yaseSpain, idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni futhi eyesibili e-European Union enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu (ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyisithupha endaweni yedolobha). Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-3, ngesikhathi seNkosi u-Felipe II, bekuyinhloko-dolobha yaseSpain futhi kuyisihlalo sikaHulumeni, amaCortes, futhi kuyindawo yokuhlala amakhosi ngokusemthethweni. Futhi, iMadrid inikeza izindawo ezingenakubalwa zokwazi nezindawo zokulahleka.
Kungaba ukuphunyuka okufushane noma uhambo lwebhizinisi, uma uhlela ukuvakashela eMadrid maduzane, nazi izindawo eziyizimpawu ozozibona eMadrid.
I-Plaza Mayor
Emsukeni wayo kwakuyisikwele esiseduze kwedolobha elibiyelwe. Yayaziwa ngePlaza del Arrabal futhi abathengisi baze beza kuyo bezothengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngentengo eshibhile, yingakho yayihlala iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu ngabantu bendawo.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, lanikezwa ilungelo lokubamba umbukiso wanyanga zonke futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lathola isici sasemadolobheni lapho ezinye izindlu zakhiwa nxazonke zalo. Ngenkathi, ekupheleni kwalelo khulu leminyaka, uFelipe II ehambisa inkantolo eMadrid, kwadingeka ukuthi kudaleke iMeya yasePlaza eyiyo eyanikwa ukuthandwa kwale ndawo nokubaluleka kwedolobha. Inkosi inikeze umklami wezakhiwo uJuan de Herrera lo msebenzi, owawuthatha njengonxande ongamamitha ayi-152 ubude ngamamitha angama-94 ububanzi.
Lapha amaqembu ahlukene akhona ahlangana ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yawo futhi ngalokhu asatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izingxenye zeMeya yePlaza enikeza amagama awo, ngale ndlela, eya eCasa de la Carnicería, eCasa de la Panadería, e-Arco de Cuchilleros, njll. .
Kuthathe iminyaka emibili kuphela kanye nezicucu ezingaba ngu-900.000 ukuyakha, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakubeka ingqophamlando yokwakha edolobheni, njengoba kwakuyindawo yomphakathi enkulu kunazo zonke eMadrid eyayingabonakala kunoma yikuphi edolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, maduzane yaqala ukusingatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemicimbi efana nemibukiso ethandwayo, imiqhudelwano, udwendwe nokushaywa, ukubulawa komphakathi, njll.
Sekuyiminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-150, ngoKhisimusi iMeya yasePlaza ibigcwele izitolo ezinezinto zikaKhisimusi, izinto zamahlaya nezingubo zazo zonke izinhlobo. Futhi muva nje igubhe iminyaka engu-400 yaso ngesitayela.
Puerta del Sol
Eduzane neMeya yePlaza kukhona iPuerta del Sol, esinye sezikwele esidume kakhulu eMadrid. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana: maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, iCasa de Correos yaqala ukwakhiwa kwathi ngekhulu leminyaka kamuva, isikwele sathatha ukuma kwaso kokugcina ngenxa yabakhi bezakhiwo uLucio del Valle, uJuan Rivera noJosé Morer. Kuze kwaba ngekhulu lama-XNUMX lapho umthombo, izingadi zengezwa futhi indawo yabahamba ngezinyawo yandiswa.
EPuerta del Sol sithola izindawo ezintathu ezidumile: isithombe sebhere nesihlahla se-sitrobheli (1967), indawo yomhlangano yabantu bendawo, iwashi kanye neposi kusuka lapho kukhishwa khona ukuphela konyaka futhi ikhilomitha zero, iphoyinti lapho kuqala khona imigwaqo emikhulu yaseSpain nalapho izivakashi zithatha khona isithombe esifanelekile.
Ithempeli likaDebod
EParque de la Montaña de Madrid kungelinye lamagugu amakhulu athandwa kakhulu enhlokodolobha yaseSpain: ithempeli likaDebod. Ithempeli elineminyaka engu-2.200 XNUMX seliphenduke uphawu lomuzi.
Sitholakala entshonalanga yePlaza de España, lesi sikhumbuzo sasendulo sasiyisipho esivela eGibhithe saya eSpain ngokubambisana kwaso ekusizeni amathempeli amaNubiya lapho kwakhiwa iDamu elikhulu i-Aswan. Ngale ndlela yathuthwa ngamatshe ngamatshe futhi yavulelwa umphakathi ngo-1972 ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yokwakhiwa kabusha. Kwakuyinqubo enzima ngoba, ngaphezu kokungabi nezinhlelo, amanye amatshe okuqala alahleka ngesikhathi sokudiliza nokuhamba.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha okwenziwa eMadrid kwagcina ukubukeka kusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga kwendawo yayo yakuqala. Ithempeli lizungezwe izingadi futhi kunabantu abaningi abasebenzisa indawo yokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuba nepikiniki, ukudlala imidlalo noma ukushiswa yilanga otshanini. Njengelukuluku, ichibi esilithola elizungeze ithempeli liyinkumbulo yeNayile.
Indawo engaphambili yeRoyal Palace yaseMadrid
I-Royal Palace
IRoyal Palace yaseMadrid, eyaziwa nangokuthi iPalacio de Oriente, yayiyindawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yamakhosi aseSpain yize namuhla isetshenziswa kuphela ekwamukelweni nasezenzweni ezisemthethweni selokhu amakhosi ahlala ePalacio de la Zarzuela.
Ukwakhiwa kweRoyal Palace kwaqala ngo-1738 kanti indawo okuyo iyafana naleyo yeSigodlo saseHabsburgs, esacekelwa phansi ngoKhisimusi ngo-1734 ngomlilo. Izungezwe izingadi zaseCampo del Moro, ezisukela Ephakathi, nezingadi zaseSabatini, ezakhiwa ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. ICampo del Moro ingavakashelwa emini.
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukucabanga ngokushintshwa konogada baseRoyal Palace, okwenzeka njalo ngoLwesithathu kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJulayi ngo-11 ekuseni.
Ipaki yomhlalaphansi
Ngamahektha angu-125 nezihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-15.000 XNUMX, i-El Retiro Park iyisiphephelo sokuthula enkabeni yeMadrid. Ayigcini nje ngokuba elinye lamaphaphu enhlokodolobha yaseSpain, kepha futhi inikeza abantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi amasiko, ezokungcebeleka nezemidlalo ezahlukahlukene.
Imvelaphi yepaki i-El Retiro ikhulu leshumi nesikhombisa lapho iNkosi esemthethweni uFelipe IV, u-Count-Duke wase-Olivares, enika inkosi indawo ethile ukuze kujatshulelwe umndeni wasebukhosini. Kusukela lapho sekwenziwe izinguquko eziningi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Uma wake waya eMadrid cishe uke waya epaki i-El Retiro ukuyohamba ngezinyawo, uphuze emigwaqweni yayo ebukekayo futhi uthathe izithombe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthandwa kwayo, bambalwa kakhulu abazi izimfihlo zaleli dolobha elimatasa kanye nophawu lwedolobha.