Lokacin da muke magana game da Cathedral, mun tsaya don lissafa halayen gine-ginensa, amma, sama da duka, muna ɗaukaka girmansa. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin su duka ba tare da la'akari da salon da suke ba, amma, dangane da kyau, watakila sake farfadowa Suna daga cikin mafi ban mamaki.
Wannan shi ne saboda jituwa ta siffofi na geometric da dawo da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda aka ƙara wasu abubuwan ado. Domin duk wannan, a kasa, za mu nuna muku da mafi kyau Renaissance Cathedrals a Spain. Amma da farko muna so mu yi magana da ku game da manyan abubuwan wannan motsi na fasaha.
Renaissance gine: halaye
Rubutun yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ado na al'ada na gine-gine na Renaissance.
El Renacimiento aka haife shi a Italia a karshen karni na 13 a sakamakon sabon ra'ayoyin ɗan adam, wanda ya sanya mutum a tsakiyar Duniya. Sunan ta saboda daya daga cikin manyan siffofinsa: dawo da al'adun gargajiya na Girka da Roma.
An yi la'akari da waɗannan sun fi na tsakiyar zamanai, har yanzu wasu masana ilimin tunani suna kimarsu a matsayin zamanin duhu. Tuni a cikin karni na 14th, Renaissance ya bazu ko'ina cikin Turai, yana tafiya cikin lokaci na rayuwa tare da Gothic har sai an sanya shi tabbatacce. Tuni a ƙarshen karni na 16 ya fara ba da hanya ga sababbin igiyoyi kamar Baroque.
Game da fasalin gine-ginensa, ɗayan mafi mahimmanci shine daidaito da jituwa da muka ambata muku. Siffofin geometric da ma'auni tsakanin na tsaye da na kwance sun mamaye komai. Har ma ana amfani da shi lambar zinariya, dangantaka tsakanin layi biyu madaidaiciya, wanda aka la'akari da adadin Allah.
A wannan ma'anar, an dawo da manyan gine-gine na Antiquity, kamar, misali, Vitruvian. Haka nan, ginin gaba ɗaya ake ɗauka, wato abubuwansa daban-daban suna bayyanawa da juna. Kuma, idan aka kwatanta da tsayin daka na Gothic, ƙananan gine-gine an sanya su.
A matsayin abubuwan gine-gine, ana dawo da kayan gargajiya, kamar da semicircular baka da ganga vault. Za mu iya gaya muku iri ɗaya game da abubuwan ado na ado, daga cikinsu akwai ginshiƙan Doric, Ionic da Korinti ko kuma pediments na triangular. A ƙarshe, amma ga kayan, wasu suna da kyau kamar marmara na launuka daban-daban.
Renaissance Cathedrals a Spain
Ra'ayin iska na Jaén Cathedral
Da zarar mun nuna muku manyan halaye na sake gina gine, Za mu yi magana da ku game da cathedrals da ke amsa wannan yanayin fasaha. Duk da haka, kamar yadda za ku fahimta, ba gine-ginen addini kawai aka gina ba. A gaskiya ma, wani fasalin gine-gine na Renaissance shine wannan al'amuran jama'a sun zama mahimmanci.
A kowane hali, misali ne mai ban sha'awa na wannan ɗabi'a mai kyau. Monastery na San Lorenzo del Escorial. Amma bari mu ga mafi kyawun misalan cocin Renaissance a Spain.
Jaen Cathedral
Kyakkyawan facade na babban cocin Jaén
La Cathedral na Zato na Budurwa An fara gina na Jaén a ƙarni na 16, kodayake gininsa ya daɗe na ƙarni da yawa. A saboda wannan dalili, babban facade shine kayan ado na baroque. Wannan sifa ce ta gama gari ta sauran haikalin da za mu gani: sun haɗu da salon fasaha da yawa.
A kowane hali, babban cocin Jaén yana da abubuwan Renaissance masu ban sha'awa. Sun yi fice a cikin su gidan sura da sacristy, wanda saboda Andrés de Valdenvira kuma wannan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan al'ajabi na wannan motsi na gine-gine a Spain. Koyaya, wurare biyu ne kawai a cikin hadaddun da yakamata ku gani. Hasumiyar tagwayen biyu kuma suna da ban mamaki.
La Manquita, Malaga Cathedral
Hasumiya daya tilo na babban cocin Malaga
La Cathedral na cikin jiki na Malaga kuma ana kiranta da "The Manquita" saboda an bar shi ba a gama ba, daya daga cikin hasumiya ya ɓace. An fara ginin a shekara ta 1528 kuma aikin ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen karni na XNUMX. Saboda wannan dalili, shi ma ya haɗu da salo da yawa, kodayake Renaissance ya fi rinjaye. Manyan gine-ginenta sune wadanda aka ambata Andrés de Valdenvira y Diego na Siloam, wanda za mu haɗu da shi sau da yawa.
Wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin salon da ake tambaya su ne tashar jiragen ruwa masu wucewa, waɗanda ke gefen hasumiya, kuma, sama da duka, ban sha'awa. babban bagade, aikin Diego Vergara. A gefe guda, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ba ƙaramin ban sha'awa ba ne, baroque ne kuma ɗakin sujada na Incarnation neoclassical.
Guadix Cathedral
Guadix Cathedral daga iska
Wadanda aka ambata ne suka gina shi Diego na Siloam a tsakiyar karni na 16 a kan na farko Gothic tsakiya saboda Pedro de Morales. Haka kuma, kamar yadda aka gama a cikin karni na 18, yana da siffofi na baroque. Kyakkyawar kofa na Encarnación akan babban facade da babban ɗakin sujada na da daidai wannan.
A gefe guda, yawancin sauran sassa na haikalin sune Renaissance. Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine Chapel na San Torcuato, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wurare na musamman a cikin babban coci. Yana amsa samfurin gargajiya na gaske: Pantheon na Roma kuma duk da haka yana da gidaje masu kyaun bagadin baroque guda uku.
A ƙarshe, a matsayin abin sha'awa, za mu gaya muku cewa za ku iya gani a cikin haikali kwafi na Vatican Pietà de Michelangelo. An saya shi a Roma a cikin 1930 ta Manuel Martínez-Carrasco, darektan Makarantar Sifen na Bologna, don danginsa pantheon.
Orihuela Cathedral
Kyakkyawar Cathedral na Orihuela
La Cathedral na San Salvador da Santa María An gina Orihuela a ƙarshen karni na 13, ko da yake ba a gama ba sai na 16. Saboda wannan dalili, yana mayar da martani ga Valencian Gothic, kamar yadda ake iya gani a cikin hasumiya ko a cikin facade na Las Cadenas da Loreto.
Duk da haka, yana kuma nuna fasalin Renaissance. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalai na wannan shine murfin Sanarwa ko Yafewa, wanda shine aikin John Turanci. An ɗauke ta a matsayin baka mai cin nasara na Romawa wanda aka ƙawata da ginshiƙai biyu a gefensa. Haka nan, a cikin ɓangarorin baka da kansu za ku iya ganin wurin da aka sassaƙa wa Mala'ikan Mala'ika ga Maryamu.
Sabon Cathedral na Plasencia
Sabon Cathedral na Plasencia
Yana karɓar wannan suna don bambanta kansa daga Cathedral na Santa María a cikin birnin Cáceres, wanda shine Romanesque da Gothic. A gefe guda, sabon, kodayake yana gabatar da wasu abubuwa na salo na ƙarshe, shine ainihin Renaissance. A gaskiya ma, manyan gine-ginen wannan yanayin sunyi aiki a kai, daga Enrique Egas har zuwa Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón, wucewa ta nasa Siloam o Alonso de Covarrubia.
Idan kun ziyarci haikalin, tabbatar da kula da su Mawaƙa tare da kujerun sarakunan Katolika da kuma a cikin kujera Bishop, ayyukan Rodrigo Aleman. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku yi godiya ga kyakkyawan babban bagaden, ko da yake a cikin yanayinsa shine baroque da aikin Gregory Fernandez ne adam wata.
Babban cocin Murcia
Babban facade na Murcia Cathedral
La Murcia Cathedral ko Santa María an tsarkake shi a cikin 1467, ko da yake ya sami kari da yawa a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX. Kamar yadda a wasu lokuta, babban facade ba Renaissance ba ne, amma ainihin baroque kuma, ta hanya, mai ban mamaki. Hakanan zai dauki hankalin ku kararrawa, wanda aka fara gina shi a cikin 1521 wanda shine, a mita 93, na biyu mafi girma a Spain bayan giralda na Sevilla.
Amma mafi kyawun abubuwan Renaissance na haikalin ana samun su a ciki. Kyakkyawan misali na wannan shine Chapels na Junterón da Baptistery. Na farko daga cikinsu ya yi fice don adonsa na farantin karfe, yayin da na biyu yana da bagadin Genoese mai ban sha'awa a cikin farin marmara. Yana kuma Renaissance kabarin Alfonso, wanda ke cikin babban ɗakin sujada.
Granada Cathedral, daya daga cikin koli na gine-gine na Renaissance
Cathedral na Granada tare da facade na asali
Kamar yadda take ya ce, da Cathedral na cikin jiki Ana ɗaukar Granada ɗaya daga cikin kololuwar Renaissance na Spain. Shirye-shiryen na asali sun kasance Enrique Egas, ko da yake ya dauki nauyin aikin Diego na Siloam. Shima daga baya ya kula da ita Alonso Cano, wanda ya gabatar da abubuwa daban-daban na baroque.
Idan kun ziyarci haikalin, dole ne ku kula da abin ban mamaki chancel, haskake da tabo ta tagogin gilashin fentin Juan del Campo da kuma ƙawata ta baroque sculptures na Katolika Sarakunan saboda Pedro de Mena. Hakazalika, ya yi fice a cikin duka mai ridda, wanda shine aikin ƴan ƙasar Granada Barnaba na Gaviria.
Babban cocin Almeria
Cloister na Almería Cathedral
Hakanan sadaukarwa ga cikin jiki, ya gabatar da nasa tsarin cocin sansanin soja. An fara gina shi a cikin 1522 tare da tsare-tsaren Diego na Siloam, wanda ya haɗa tsarkakakku da ƙazanta. Wato, ba wai kawai ya ƙirƙiri haikali ba, har ma da ginin kariya daga hare-haren 'yan fashin Barbary.
Duk da haka, zai zama magajinsa. Juan de Orea, wanda ya kara da babban fasalin Renaissance zuwa babban coci. Tsakanin su, babban murfin da na Pardons, lungu da sako na mawaka, da Chapel of San Indalecio y da sacristy. A cikin ƙarni na baya, an ƙara abubuwan baroque da abubuwan neoclassical.
Albacete Cathedral
Albacete Cathedral: kallon gefe
La babban cocin San Juan Bautista An gina shi a farkon karni na 16 akan haikalin Mudejar daga karni na 13. Don wannan, mun sake komawa, zuwa Diego na Siloam, wanda masu tallata aikin suka bayyana a matsayin "mafi girman mashahurin mashawarci a Castilla."
Duk da haka, ba a kammala ginin ba sai tsakiyar karni na 20, lokacin da aka yi kari. neo-romanesque da neo-gothic abubuwa. Daidai, ana iya ganin siffofin Renaissance, sama da duka, a cikin ciki, tun da facades suna amsawa ga salon da muka ambata. Daga cikin abubuwan al'ada na haikalin, ginshiƙan Ionic kuma, sama da duka, kyakkyawa Altarpiece na ɗakin sujada na Budurwar Llanos. Amma kuma da sacristy y ɗakin sujada na Yesu Nazareno.
Santiago Cathedral a Bilbao
Bilbao Cathedral: Puerta del Ángel
An gina shi tsakanin ƙarshen karni na 14 zuwa farkon karni na 16, babban cocin Santiago shine, mafi yawancin, Gothic. A haƙiƙa, facade da hasumiyarsa sakamakon wani gagarumin gyare-gyare ne da aka yi a ƙarni na 19. Kuma, don kada su ɓata duka, an gina su a cikin salon neo-Gothic. A daya bangaren, mai girma barandar gefen kudu da kuma canji tsakanin Gothic da classicism ne da sacristy da kuma masu daraja Kofar Mala'ika ko Alhazai. Ƙarshen, musamman, zai ba ku mamaki tare da farin ciki na Gothic flowery.
A ƙarshe, mun nuna muku mafi kyawun misalai na renaissance cathedral wanda za ku iya zuwa Spain. Duk da haka, kamar yadda waɗannan manyan haikalin suka ɗauki ƙarni da yawa don ginawa, ya zama ruwan dare a same su a cikin wasu salon, amma kuma tare da abubuwa na al'ada. Misali, zaku iya ganin fasalin Renaissance a cikin Cathedral of the See and the Assumption en Sevilla ko a ta Santa Maria de Toledo. Ku kuskura ku ziyarce su.