Ini ndinonyatsoda iyo nyaya uye kunyangwe ndichifadzwa neEjipitori, budiriro dzeMiddle East dzekare dzinounza zvinyonganiso, vaAsiria pakati pavo.
Asiriya budiriro yakazvarwa nekukudziridzwa pakati pepakati peiyo Bronze Age uye kupera kwe Iron Age, mumupata werwizi Tigrisi, inozivikanwa Fertile Crescent. Zvishoma zvakasara zvekuvakwa kwayo, asi kusvikira nhasi ivo vakapona vakanaka zororo zvinotitendera kuti tizive iri guta rine mukurumbira.
Ivo vatongi
Kuverenga nhoroondo yeBhaibheri VaAsiriya vanofungidzirwa kuti vakabva kune mumwe wevazukuru vaNoa, Assur. Zvino, kana munhu achiziva kuti nyaya yaNowa yave zviuru zvemakore akura uye kuti kune imwewo nyaya yakafanana neiyi Utnapishtin ... zvinhu zvinoshanduka uye izvo zvikamu kusvika ikozvino munguva zvakavanzika.
Izvo zvinonzi zvakare guta guru reAsiriya panguva ingangoita hupenyu hwese hwevanhu ava, guta reAssur, rakatumidzwa zita remwari kutenderedza chiuru chechitatu BC. Assur, Asiria, iro iro rebhaibheri rebhaibheri rakazotevera uye rine chekuita nekukura kwechiKristu munzvimbo iyi.
Chokwadi ndechekuti maAsiriya vaive maSemite avo vakatanga kutaura chiAcadian kudzamara kugamuchirwa kwemutauro wechiAramaic wakapusa. Vanyori venhoroondo vanotaura nezvazvo nguva nhatu huru dzeAsiriya: Humambo Hwekare, Humambo uye Humambo Hwekunze, kunyangwe paine misiyano maererano nemisiyano iyi.
Chavanobvumirana vese ndechekuti Humambo hweAsiriya hwaive humwe hwehumambo hukuru hweMesopotamia nedanho rekuvandudza iro raionekwa maererano neHurumende uye kuwedzera kwemauto. Uye zvakadiniko nounyanzvi hweAsiria?
Asiriya Art
Kana dhorobha richikura, hunyanzvi ndeimwe yemataurirwo eiyo budiriro. Muchiitiko cheunyanzvi hweAsiriya isu tinozviziva kubva pane zvakauya pachena kubva kumatongo emaguta ekare akasiyana muMesopotamia.
Vanochera matongo vakawana zvisaririra zvematembere, dzimba dzehumambo nemaguta uye nekudaro zvakazivikanwa izvo Unyanzvi hweAsiriya hunoratidza kukura kuzere kwatateguru vayo, hunyanzvi hweSumerian. Dambudziko nekuvakwa munzvimbo ino yepasi nderekuti vakashandisa yakawanda yedhodhi sezvo dombo nehuni zvaive zvinhu zvishoma, saka kupona kwavo nekufamba kwenguva kwakanyanya.
Luck ndiro iro mimwe mifananidzo yeAsiriya yakaitwa mumatombo saka idzo dzakapinda mumawoko emazuva ano. Zvekuvaka mukati zvakawandisa vaishandisa adobe nematombo mabwe asi zvemukati kana zvekunze madziro aiwanzo akashongedzwa nematombo matombo akavezwa uye madhirowa Vakataura nezvehumambo uye kukunda kwaro.
Iro dombo rinobva munzvimbo iyi rakanakira mahwendefa aya asi rakaipa pakugadzira zvivezwa saka pane mashoma mienzaniso yehumwe hunyanzvi, asi maAsiriya akadzidza kucheka dombo kuita matete matombo ndosaka mabes-reliefs mu limestone kana alabaster, ibwe jena iro rakazara muTigris), ndivo vatinoona zvakanyanya.
Mifananidzo yeAsiriya
Dzakanyanya kuwanda ndidzo bas-reliefs uye iwo ekunze ane madingindira ekunyika, ndiko kuti, havana chekuita nechitendero cheAsiriya. Vanomiririra kukunda kwemauto, zviitiko zvemusango, mhuka, hupenyu hwemauto, zvichingodaro.
Kana iwe ukaenda kuLondon iwe uchaona imwe yeakanakisa maAsiriya ekuzorora. Iyo British Museum ine muunganidzwa wakapfuma wemifananidzo yeAsiriya uye pakati pavo pakamira imwe yeshumba, mukono nehadzi, ichifa. Yakawanikwa mumatongo eImba yeNinevhe uye yaive chikamu chechiitiko chikuru. Zvinotendwa kuti yakagadzirwa kutenderedza 668 BC pasi pehutongi hweAssurbanipal.
Zvechokwadi, matongo eNinivhi anga ari anoshamisa makari eAsiriya art uye mumyuziyamu imwechete pane kumwe kubatsirwa kunodaidzwa Unodzivirira Mweya iyo inouya kubva kuImba yeAsurbanipal II, yeLate Empire, uye iyo inofungidzirwa kushongedza dzimba dzamambo dzega: murume ane mapapiro anotendwa kuti apkallu, chisikwa chinoshamisa chinotsanangurwa muzvinyorwa zvecuneiform, ine ngowani, sutu refu, masharubu, ndebvu nebvudzi refu.
Nepo zvokununurwa zvekunze zviri zvehunyanzvi hunyanzvi zvidhori zvinoshongedza madziro emukati memizinda yamambo zvinonyanya kumiririra hupenyu mukati, zvinonyanya kufadza. Mune imwe imba yamambo, iyo yeKhorsabad, semuenzaniso, anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemamita emabhesari ane varume, mabhiza nehove zvakawanikwa, zvakagadzirwa nenzira yakashata, pasina runako rwakanyanya.
Inofanira kutaurwa kudaro la zano remaonero harizi mune hunyanzvi hweAsiriya asi rakatobudirira uye saizi yezviverengero inogona kusiyanisa apo muenzi anofarira kuisa madudziro acho. Iyo British Museum ine akawanda akanakisa eAsiria mabhesheni, pamwe neiyo Kukombwa uye Kubatwa kweRakishi mumwewo waunofanira kuona.
Iwo mapaneru akawanikwa muSanheribhi Palace, Ninevhe, kuchamhembe kweiyo yava Iraq, uye ndeyenguva yeLate Empire. Iyo inofadza alabaster chidimbu pamusoro 182 x 880 cm.
Icho chikamu chekushongedzwa kwemukati memuzinda waMambo Saniheribhi uyo akatonga pakati pe704 na681 BC uye anomiririra marwisi eAsiriya anorwisa Rakishi akatakura chigaro cheumambo, ngoro uye zvimwe zvinhu zvamambo mukati meguta.
Iyi nguva yenhoroondo yeAsiriya ine zviitiko zvikuru sezvazvaive Pakati pezana ramakore rechinomwe nerechisere madzimambo eAsiriya akakunda Persian Gulf nemuganhu weEjipitori. Vakavaka panguva iyoyo zvivakwa zvine mukurumbira, senge muzinda wamambo uyu, muNinevhe, uye zvinobva mumatongo eguta rino ndipo panowanikwa pfuma zhinji yeChirungu.
Ramba uchifunga kuti mifananidzo iyi yeAsiriya yakatanga kupendwa nemavara, vashoma kwazvo vakapona uye vanotendera vamwe kufungidzira, asi zvakare dhizaini yacho yaimboita kunge ma comics azvino uno: kutanga, pakati uye kupera mukati memadziro.
Aive akavezwa nemhizha nemidziyo yedare neyendarira. Vanochera matongo vanofungidzira izvozvo zviyamuro zvekunze zvakachengetedzwa nependi kana imwe varnish nekuti ibwe rinokanganiswa nyore nyore nemvura uye nemhepo. Zvakare, ivo vaive vasiri vega uye sekushongedza zvaisanganiswa nezvidhori uye zvidhinha zvakapenya.
Mifananidzo yeAsiriya inotendwa yakasvika pakakwirira panguva yekutonga kweAssurbanipal II, XNUMXth century BC, asi tsika yakachengetedzwa muzvivakwa zvese zvehumambo mumaguta akazvarwa mushure.
Nhasi tinogona kukoshesa nhaka yake mumamiyuziyamu epasi rose, yeBritish Museum kunyanya, asi tinovimba rimwe zuva tinogona kufamba murunyararo kuMiddle East tichitofamba nemunyika imwechete seAsiriya, vaSumerian nevamwe vanhu vekare vakakosha. Zvingave zvakanaka.