Isu tose takanzwa, neimwe nzira kana imwe, nezve Siberia. Kuti inyika iri kure, nyika yakaoma nechando, yechibharo, inenge nzvimbo yokurangwa. Izvo zvese zvinobva pachokwadi chekuti tsars uye hurumende yemakomunisti yeSoviet Union yekare yaitumira matsotsi nevavengi pano. Chikonzero chacho? Inyika yakaoma nechando.
Kuno kuEastern Siberia, somuenzaniso, kune guta: Yakutsk, guta rinotonhora kupfuura mamwe ose munyika. Ngatizvizivei.
Yakutsk
Siberia Inzvimbo huru kwazvo Iri munzvimbo yeAsia yezvino yava Russian Federation.. Inotora 76% yenharaunda yeRussia uye kubva kumakomo eUral kuenda kuPacific. Iine 13,2 miriyoni mativi emakiromita uye hushoma huwandu hwevanhu, inoganhurana neMongolia, North Korea, China neKazakhstan. Rwizi rweYenisei runoparadzanisa Siberia muzvikamu zviviri, kumadokero uye kumabvazuva.
Zvino iri Eastern Siberia kuti guta Yakutsk. Iri makiromita 450 kubva kuArctic Circle. uye naye kumativi ose 355.500 zviuru zvevagari iri kuseri kweVladivostok neKhabarovsk.
Guta ndiye muridzi wechiteshi chemupata weLena river uye airport hombe. Vanhu vakauya pano munenge muzana remakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX., akanga ari mapoka emarudzi eTurkic, aibva kuchamhembe nepakati peEurasia, achisundwa nokumukira kwemauto eMongolia. Pavakasvika vakavhengana nevagari vemo uye nokudaro, muna 1632 guta reRussia rakazvarwa muchimiro chenhare yeCossack. Makore mashomanana gare gare yakava a voivodstvo, nzvimbo inotungamirirwa neuto ragavhuna.
Nokudaro, guta nenharaunda yaro rakava mutungamiriri wekuwedzera kwehumambo hweRussia kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva, uye yakanyatsopinda mairi, chaizvoizvo, apo. goridhe nezvimwe zvicherwa zvakawanikwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Yakanga iri migodhi yakakosha iyo yakapa simba kune indasitiri yeSoviet Union, yatova muzana remakore rechiXNUMX uye pasi pehurumende yaStalin.
Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, misasa yechibharo yakakura, kune vasungwa nevapikisi, uye nekufamba kwenguva Yakutsk yakava guta rine vanhu vakawanda mudunhu uye nanhasi, pakati peSakha Republic.
Rwizi rwuri pamhenderekedzo yeguta racho ndirwo rumwe rwakareba zvikurusa munyika. Panguva imwe Ndiro guta guru rinowanikwa munzvimbo yepermafrost. Chii chinonzi permafrost? ndiye chitubu chevhu rakaomeswa nechando zvachose, kunyange zvazvo izvozvo zvisingarevi hazvo kuti kunogara kune aizi kana kuti sinou. Zvinoitika munzvimbo dzese dzinotonhora zvakanyanya kana periglacial, senge tundra. Zviripachena, kune permafrots kwete muRussia chete asi munzvimbo dzakadai seAlaska, Canada kana Tibet, semuenzaniso.
Saka, Mamiriro ekunze eYakutsk yakanyanyisa subarctic, saka hongu, ndiro rimwe remaguta anotonhora zvikuru pasi rose. Kupisa kwakadini? Iine avhareji yegore negore ye -12ºC uye avhareji yaNdira inosvika -41ºC. Chikunguru chiri pa18ºC, kunyangwe pave nemakore apo yakasvika 33ºC. Saka, ine kumwe kushanduka kukuru kwetembiricha munyika. Haina chando chakawanda, izvo zvinobatsira kuita kuti rive guta rinogarika, sezvo isinganayi zvakanyanya uye nekudaro, haina chando chakawanda zvakare.
Nguva yechando isingaperi uye inotonhora. Tembiricha yakaderera pano yanga iri -64ºC. Zhizha mapfupi asi anodziya uye anogona kusvika pa33ºC zviri nyore, kunyangwe rekodhi repamusoro rasvika 38.4ºC. Uye zvakadaro, hupenyu huri sei kuno?
Kudzikama uye kutonhora. Zvizhinji vacheri kana vatengesi yakatogadziridzwa kune chokwadi chekuti mwaka unotonhora unotora pano mwedzi mitatu - kubva pakati paNovember kusvika pakupera kwaFebruary. Uye kana, Ndira ndiwo mwedzi unotonhora zvakanyanya. Zvipfeko zvakakosha, chimwe chinhu chekuti hongu kana hongu iwe unofanirwa kuisa mari mairi: shangu dzinodziya, bhurugwa rinopisa, magurovhosi uye ngowani mumusoro mako, chisungo chekudzivirira kurasikirwa nekupisa kwemuviri. Dzimba dzacho dzakavakwa pamatanda anorovererwa muchando chepermafrost, sezvo nezhizha chando chinonyunguduka zvishoma uye zvinhu zvose zvinova nematope uye zvinogona kufamba.
Chinhu chinoshamisa, kune avo vasiri asidhi munharaunda, kunzwa izvozvo mhepo haina kumbopisa zvachose sezvainopfuura nemumhino. Saka, inogara ichifema mweya unotonhora uye nekuomesa mhino dzako. Zvinoita sekuti vanhu veko vane mhuno diki, asi kana usiri wepano uye mhino yako yakakura, zvakanaka, uchatambura zvishoma. Ichokwadi zvakare munguva yechando hapana munhu ari kunze kwemba yako kana iwe usingachidi.
Vanhu vanogara mudzimba, kunze kwekunge vari vashandi vekuvaka uyezve vari kunze kune tembiricha ye -50ºC pasina matambudziko. Pazasi nhamba iyi haashande sezvo simbi inogona kutyoka. Hupenyu hahumire, kunze kwekutonhora kwakanyanya. Hapana anodzima mota kana vachienda kunotenga, Zvingatove kuti vanochisiya zvakadaro muswere wese.
Kana zvasvika kwatiri kuenda kushanyira Yakutsk, chii chatingaite? Guta racho rine Vadivelu Comedy Sakha Theater, chivakwa che Opera uye Ballet uye akasiyana mamuseum. Chinonyanya kukosha ndeche Mammoth Museum, iyo yakazarura mikova yayo muna 1991 uye yakatsaurirwa kukudzidza kwehombe.
Kare, chero fossil yakawanikwa muSiberia yakatumirwa kune mamwe masangano munyika, Moscow, St. Peterbsurgo kana Novosibirsk. Iyo museum yakakosha uye ndosaka ine zita rekuti "pasirese". 75% yezvinozivikanwa nezve mammoth zvakachengetwa pano, ine zvinhu zvinopfuura 1450 uye zvisaririra zvasara. Zviripachena, zvakawanda zvinochengetedzwa patembiricha yakaderera kuitira kudzidza mune ramangwana.
iripo zvakare House Museum Nhoroondo yekutapwa kwezvematongerwo enyika muYakutia, Museum of Folklore and Music, Museum of Archaeology uye National Museum yeArt yeSakha. Nzvimbo yazvino yetsika kubva munaGunyana 2020, iyo Gagarin Center yeContemporary Art uye Tsika.
Saka, kana iwe uine nguva, mari uye kuda kuziva, unogona kuenda kunoona Yakutsk, iro rinotonhora kwazvo guta munyika. Inongova 5 zviuru zvemakiromita kumabvazuva kweMoscow uye munguva yechando inopoteredzwa nemhute inotonhora inoita semashiripiti.