Kune migwagwa nemigwagwa, nzira dzinotitora nemunyika dzinoyevedza uye nedzimwe dzinotipinza munhoroondo yezvivakwa nechitendero. Musanganiswa wekupedzisira uyu ndizvo zvinonzi zvinopihwa Nzira yeCistercian, kushanya kwevamwe vevakanyanya dzimba dzakanaka dzemamongi dzeSpain.
Haisi nzira refu kwazvo uye zvakajairika kuti mabhasikoro asarudze kuzviita, asi zviripachena, iwe unogona zvakare kuzviita nemotokari kana netsoka. Chero ipi nzira yako yekufambisa, hezvino zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive kuti uzive icho.
Iyo Cistercian Order
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seye Cistercian Order uye yachembera kwazvo zvakanaka honguiwe hwaro hwakatangira muna 1098. Kwegore iro, nezve Dijon, France, mune raimbova guta reRoma re cisterciumRobert de Molesmes akatanga an abbey, pakupedzisira mavambo ehurongwa.
Yakanga iri yakakosha kurongeka muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye yaive neinenge kusvika nguva dzeFrench Revolution basa rakakura rezvemagariro. Asi muvambi wayo, Molesmes, aida kudzokera kuhupenyu hwakareruka hwemamongi, nekutsanya pamwe nehurombo uyezve nebasa rakawanda revanhu, saka akawana nzvimbo yekugara ega ndokuenda nezvibodzwa zvemamongi kuti awane abbey nyowani. Mazuva ekutanga aive asiri nyore asi nerubatsiro rwemadzishe eko vakakwanisa kubudirira.
Mamonki eCistercian panguva iyoyo akagamuchira tsika yakapfava yemvere dzemakwai, saka vakatanga kudaidzwa "Mamongi akachena". Kubva muna1112 zvichienda mberi, nhanho nyowani yaizotanga nenheyo dzediki uye kukura kwenharaunda Makumi gumi nemaviri negumi nematatu emakore angave iwo ezuva rayo.
Zvese izvi zvakaitika kuFrance asi kuSpain kune ungano mbiri dzeCistercian Order, Ungano yeAragon uye Ungano yeSan Bernardo de Castilla. Ungano yechipiri iyi yaive nezera rayo regoridhe muzana rese regumi nemanomwe uye raive nemabbeys makumi mashanu nemashanu, nepo iyo yeAragon ine nanhasi madzimai matatu nevatatu vechikadzi.
Nzira yeCistercian
Iyi nzira inobatanidza vatatu veCistercian abbeys: iyo Monastery yeSante Creus, the one Santa Maria de Poblet uye izvo zve Vallbona de les Monges, mumatunhu eLleida neTarragona. Kurongeka uku kwakawedzera muzana rese regumi nemana uye kwakasvika muSpain nekukunda neCrown yeAragon yenzvimbo dzinodaidzwa kuti Catalunya nueva, kusvika panguva iyoyo mumaoko emaMuslim. Iwo maAragonese madzimambo akapa maCistercian mamonki kuraira kuti vazadze nyika nekuvamba mamonasteri.
Yekutanga yemamongi pane ino yakajeka nzira ndiyo Monastery yeSantes Creus. Yakavakwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye Iri mumasipala weAiguamurcia, mudunhu reTarragona. Iyo inogara dzimba dzeumambo saka nekufamba kwenguva yakagamuchira mipiro mikuru yakaishongedza.
Iyi imba yemamongi iyo hapana hupenyu hwemamoni kusvika nhasi. Iyo Order yakaisiya muna 1835 uye muna 1921 yakaziviswa National Monument. Ichi chivakwa chemamoniki chine chimiro chezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: kereke, imba yayo uye imba yechitsauko. Sezvo satellites ari imba yekugara, refectory, iyo yakajairika yekurara uye mamonki 'imba. Kune zvakare kumakuva, nzvimbo inochengeterwa varwere, makamuri maigara mamonki akarega basa, uye Royal Palace.
Chechi yakapera muna 1225 uye inoita kunge nhare. Iyo ine nave 71 metres kureba nemamirimita makumi maviri nemaviri paupamhi uye madziro anoda kusvika matatu metres kukora. Iyo dhizaini iri muchimiro chemuchinjikwa wechiLatin une maveve matatu uye iine mativi emachaperi. Sezvatakambotaura pamusoro apa, kereke inochengeta makuva ehumambo, ayo aMambo Pedro III weAragon uye mutongi wake akatendeka naMambo Jaime II weAragon nemukadzi wake wechipiri. Mabasa maviri anokosha eumhizha.
Chechi yechipiri paCistercian Route ndeye iyo Santa Maria de Poblet, muVimbodí. Haisi anopfuura makiromita makumi matatu kubva pakutanga uye iri pasi pesango rePoblet uye nemakomo ePrades. Iyo ndiyo hombe pane matatu emamongi ari munzira uye yaivewo imwe nyika yeCrown yeAragon.
Yaivewo nenguva yekubwinya kukuru, kuwedzera uye kukura uye zvakare fyakasiiwa muna 1835 semhedzisiro yeiyo kutorerwa Mendizabal, maitiro aisanganisira kutengesa zvivakwa zvemitemo yechitendero yakaunganidzwa nekuda nekuda uye mipiro uyezve matunhu emakanzuru. Kwaive kuganhurirwa kwenyika zvinhu zvaive nechinangwa chekuwana mari yehomwe yeruzhinji, kungave nekutengesa kwakananga kana nekutengesa zvakare kweminda kune vashandi kana mabhuruni avo vaizobhadhariswa mitero mitsva.
Sezvineiwo imba yemamongi iyi inogona kudzosera nhoroondo. Kuvakazve kwayo kwakatanga muna 1930 uye makore mashanu gare gare mamongi akadzoka. Nhasi yakavhurika kune veruzhinji uye iri Nhaka Yenyika yakaziviswa neUNESCO. Chechi yayo, machira ayo, Sant Jordi neSanta Caterina machira, makuva ehumambo uye Imba yaMambo Martín el Humano ndiyo nzvimbo dzinonakidza dzekushanyira.
Iyo yekupedzisira inoonekwa sechishongo cheCatalan Gothic dhizaini uye nhasi zvakare iri musamu yemamonk. Munzvimbo yemamongi iyi tinogona kushanyira waini Museum, muVimbodí. Zvino, mushure mekufamba zvishoma makiromita makumi maviri neshanu, takasvika Monastery yeVallbona de les Monges. Ndicho usista monasteryNdinoziva iri pakati peguta chairo.
Iyi yemamongi yevakadzi yeCistercian yekuraira uye iri National Monument kubvira ma '30s. Yakavakwa pakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nemana negumi nemana uye iri zvikuru yechiRomeesque muchitaira, kunyangwe iine yakawanda yeGothic futi.
Kudzoka mugore ra1153 boka remasista rakasarudza kujoina Cistercian Order pamunda wakapihwa neCount of Barcelona uye munguva pfupi vakave nekubudirira kukuru pakati pevakuru. Zvibvumirano mushure mehondo yevagari vemo yezana ramakore regumi nemashanu zvakaburitsa shanduko kubva imba yemamongi payakatengesa dzimwe dzenyika dzakavakidzana kuitira kuti varimi vagare (izvi zvibvumirano zvakarambidza kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzechikadzi dzezvitendero munzvimbo dziri kure), asi ndipo paive pekutanga yemo monastery yazvino.
Chechi inoratidza shanduko kubva kuRomanesque kuenda kuGothic uye ine hombe uye yakanaka octagonal bhero shongwe mune yeGothic maitiro uye iyo guva ramambokadzi Violante weHungary, mudzimai waJaime I weAragon. Iwe unogona kushanyira refectory, makicheni, raibhurari, akasiyana mamoniki kutsamira uye iyo scriptorium.
Iyo yakanaka chaizvo. Kune mafambiro akatungamirirwa saka kuraira kwangu ndekwekuti iwe unoshanyira webhusaiti yemamonk kune iyo kalendari uye nguva dzegore rino neinotevera. Uye kana iwe uchida kurara pano zvinogoneka. Kune hostel ine makumi maviri kana maviri makamuri maviri anomhanyiswa nema monas.
Nzvimbo nhatu, iyo nzira iyo inosanganisa nhoroondo, kuvaka uye chitendero.