Nhasi uno nyika yanhasi yakasarudza zvayo zvishamiso, asi munhoroondo iyo Zvishamiso zveNyika Yekare Ivo ndivo vanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye ndivo vakamutsa fungidziro yedu tese.
Ndiani asina kurota achifamba kuburikidza ne Hanging Gardens ye Bhabhironi, achiona iyo Mwenje weAlexandria yakavhenekera kana kumira pasi petsoka dzeColossus yeRhodes, semuenzaniso? Nhasi tichataura nezve ichi chishamiso chekupedzisira, chakakura chiumbwa chaimbove pachitsuwa cheRhodes, kuGreece.
Rhodes
Rhodes Icho chitsuwa chikuru cheDodecanese Islands, iri pamhenderekedzo yeTurkey uye cheni yemakomo inomhanya kuburikidza nayo kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Iine mazana emakore enhoroondo nekuti vanhu vazhinji vakapfuura nepano, vaMinoans, maDorian, maGiriki, vaRoma, Byzantium, maOttoman, maItaly, semuenzaniso.
Guta reMiddle Ages reRhodes rakaziviswa Nhaka Yenyika uye nhasi, kunyange hachisisiri kumira chakareba sezvachakamboita, chitsuwa chinozivikanwawo neColossus yeRhodes.
Iyo Colossus yeRhodes
Iyo nyaya yeiyo colossus inotanga ne saiti yeDhemetrios Poliorketes, mutsivi waAlejando el Grande, kutenderera gore Zviuru gumi BC demetrius akakundwa uye paakasiya Rhode akasiya kumashure ese michina yehondo yenzvimbo iyi. Vakundi, kune avo chikamu, vakasarudza kurangarira hushingi hwavo uye kukunda nekuvaka chifananidzo chavo chikuru mwari unodikanwa: Helios, mwari wezuva.
Zvinotaridza kuti basa iri rakawira kumuseki Chares de Lindos, mudzidzi waLysippos (uyezve akatungamira chifananidzo chemamirimita 19 chaZeus), uye zvakatora makore gumi nemaviri mukupedzisa basa. Colossus yeRhodes yaive nechena machena base uye pairi tsoka dzecolossus dzaisimbiswa pakutanga. Nekudaro, zvishoma nezvishoma, chivezwa chaitora chimiro kumusoro nechokunze zvikamu zvendarira zvakasimbiswa nesimbi nedombo mumapfupa aro. Sezvo yakawedzera kureba, nhandare dzaidikanwa saka pakanga paine chiitiko chenguva dzose chekuunganidza pamwe nekubvarura zvivakwa zvemafuro.
Vavaki vakasarudza bronze, chiwanikwa chendarira nedare, kuti vachengete chifananidzo. Nekudaro, iyo colossus yaive nemapfupa esimbi uye mahwendefa ebhuronzi akaiswa pairi, ayo akasimba kupfuura simbi uye anogona kumira nemamiriro ekunze akashata, mune ino mhepo nemvura ine munyu.
Colossus yeRhodes yaive nemamita makumi matatu nematatu pakakwirira asi yakangomira kweanenge makore makumi mashanu nematanhatu. Muna 266 BC chitsuwa cheRhodes chakatambura zvikuru nokudengenyeka. Guta rakakuvara zvakanyanya uye iyeye Colossus akatsemura chikamu chisina kusimba, ankle. Panguva iyoyo chitsuwa ichi chaive nehukama hwakanaka nevatongi veEjipitori, saka Ptolemy III akazvipira kubhadhara mari dzekudzoreredzwa.
Zvisinei, vagari vepachitsuwa vakabvunza svikiro, rakakurumbira Oracle yeDelphi, uye izvi zvinonzi kudzoreredzwa yaive isiri zano rakanaka saka pakupedzisira chitsuwa chakaramba chikumbiro chine rupo chamambo weEjipitori. Saka, eColossus yakasara iri matongo ye ... tsime, rinenge risingaperi zvakanaka harina kuzombovakwazve. Zvizhinji zvezvatinoziva nezvake zvinouya kwatiri kuburikidza nemazwi aPliny Mukuru, uyo akati "kunyangwe akarara pasi iye anoshamisa."
Iyo poindi ndeyekuti Colossus yeRhodes yaive yakaparadzwa ne anenge makore chiuru. Muna 654 AD maArabu akapinda nechisimba pachitsuwa cheRhodes uye havana kunonoka kwenguva refu kubvarura zvasara zvechivezwa ndokutengesa zvinhu kuvaJudha veSiria. Nyaya yekuti vakatakurwa pamakamera mazana mapfumbamwe ichiripo nanhasi. Zvingave zvakadaro here? Iko kuratidzwa!
Chokwadi chiripo ndechekuti kushamisika kwakadaro kwenyika yepasichigare kwakangomira kweanopfuura hafu yezana ramakore uye kurara pasi kwe90% yehupenyu hwayo. Zvakadaro, zvaishamisa zvekuti yakave chikamu cheboka rakasarudzwa reZvishamiso zveNyika Yekare. Mazhinji emifananidzo yatinoona, yekuvakazve, vanoiwana muchiteshi cheMandraki, chimwe chezviteshi zvakawanda pachiwi, asi zvakaoma kutenda kuziva kuyerwa kwakanyanya kwechimiro.
Pakureba uye nekurema kwacho hazviite kana kuti hazviite kuti amukire ipapo. Kunyangwe zvidimbu zvakaputswa zvinofanirwa kunge zvakawira mumvura mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika, saka ongororo dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza izvozvo inofanira kunge yakakwira pane imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro pedyo nechiteshi kana zvishoma mukati. Chero zvazvingava, hazvitomboiti pamusuwo chaiwo wechiteshi.
Kana isu tichifunga nezvese zvishamiso zvenguva iyoyo, iyo yega yakasara yakamira ndiyo Great Pyramid yeGiza, muEjipitori. Zvinonyadzisa Zvakanaka izvo mu 2008 hurumende yechitsuwa yakazivisa kuti iri kufunga zvakanyanya kuvaka a nyowani Colossus izvo, haingave mufananidzo, asi chimwe chinhu chazvino uye chakareruka. Ikoko kwaitove nekutaura kwemuvezi waro, wechiGerman Gert Hof, uyo aizoshanda kubva kuCologne aine vamwe vakakanda zvombo kubva pasirese.
Izvo muna 2008, asi muna 2015 imwe nyaya yakabuda nezve a boka revapurani kubva kuEurope vaida kuvaka imwe Colossus kujoina madoko pamusuwo wechiteshi, uchiregeredza pfungwa yakajairika yekuti saiti iyi yanga isiri iyo yekutanga, kana chaiyo, kana inogona. Paive nekutaura kwechifananidzo chakareba chemamita zana nemashanu, chakareba zvakapetwa kashanu pane chepakutanga, chakavakwa nemipiro uye icho chinosanganisira raibhurari, imba yemwenje inofambiswa nemagetsi ezuva uye nezvimwe.
Parizvino, sezvaunofanirwa kunge uchifungidzira hapana purojekiti kana imwe yakafambira mberi. Asi icho hachifanirwe kuve chikonzero chekusaenda kuRhodes! Saizvozvo, chitsuwa ichi chinonakidza kufamba rwendo, ine nzvimbo zhinji dzezvakaitika kare nemabhichi akanaka Kuve muRhodes kushanyira zvakapfuura: kune dzimba dzeByzantine, nhare, machechi uye mamonari, kune Acropolis yeguta reLindos, iyo medieval wachi tower, iyo Acropolis yeRhodes ...
Uye kuvhara, mu Imba yeGrand Master weRhodes pane chiratidziro chinonzi «Yakare Rhodes, makore 2400». Chivako icho pachacho ipfuma ine pasi pevhu kubva muzana ramakore rechinomwe uye medieval epamusoro epasi yakavanzwa mune imwe yemazuva ano kuvaka kubva kuma40 ezana ramakore rechi12. Chiratidziro chinotora makamuri gumi nemaviri uye chakatangira muna 1993, apo guta rakavambwa makore 2400 XNUMX apfuura. Iko kuunganidza kwakanakisa uye nhasi chikamu chemuwonesi wemu museum zvachose.