Kiev Iro guta guru reUkraine, asi zvakare ndiwo moyo wenyika, guta rekare, rine mazana emakore enhoroondo uye hupfumi hwetsika. Heunoi ane mukurumbira Kiev Caves Monastery, kana kuti, kunyanya, the Kyvan Monastery.
Zvakanaka imba yemamongi yeOrthodox iyo yakavambwa mukati meboka remapako kare muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Nhasi ichiri kushanda uye haisi imwe chete yepfuma yeKiev, asiwo inokwezva vashanyi.
Kiev Caves Monastery
Zita chairo ndi Kyvan Cave Monastery uye sezvatakambotaura kuti ndezvechiKristu chechokwadi. Yakatangwa neSan Antonio de las Cuevas pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX, pedyo nemusha weBerestove. Zviri pachena kuti panguva iyoyo bako rakanga riri roga, asi nguva uye kukura kwevanhu zvakasarudza kuti icharamba iri mumoyo weguta guru reKiev yemazuva ano.
Kuchera matongo kwakasarudza izvozvo mamongi ekutanga akachera mamwe mapako uye akazopedzisira ava kuvaka kereke pamusoro pawo. Yokutanga "abbot" kana hegumen weimba yemamongi aive Varlaam, muna 1057, akatsiviwa naSaint Theodosius weMapako pakati pemakore 1062 na1074. mutongi dzidza zvichiita kuti pave nekusikwa kweStudite Order. Mutemo uyu wakagadzirwa muStoudios Monastery muConstantinople, kubva muzana ramakore rechishanu zvichienda mberi, asi aive Saint Theodore the Studite akauunza kuKiev.
Mazana emakore gare gare macommunist akaedza kuparadza hurongwa uhu hwekereke yeUkraine uye pane kunyange mufiri wechitendero akafira muminda yeSiberia muna 1951, pasi pehutongi hwaStalin. Mamongi eStudyite aifanira kuenda pasi pevhu ndokupfuuridzira kutenda kwawo mumakomba. Asi tichidzokera shure munguva, mumakore iwayo okutanga kweimba yemamongi, vakanga vari machinda nevakomana veKyivan vakatsigira mamongi nezvipo, mari, ivhu uye masvingo. Vamwe vakatova mamongi.
Mamongi zvakapambwa kakawanda. Idi rokuti mamongi ake mazhinji akanga ari vanhu vakapfuma, vanokudzwa kana kuti vakadzidza, rakamuita kuti ave neshungu dzokunyama. The cumans, rudzi rwekumadokero rweTurkey runotama-tama, rwakarwiswa muna 1096, zvakatonyanya kuita mamwe machinda neMongol Batu Khan muna 1240. Mushure mekurwisa kwega kwega kwakauya kuvaka patsva vakasimuka makereke matsva uye mamwe matunnel akacherwa pasi pevhu, mapako nemakomba zvakakura.
Kurwiswa, kukuvadzwa uye moto hakuna chaakaita kunze kwekuchiwedzera, nekudaro, Pakazosvika zana remakore rechiXNUMX, imba yemamongi yekutanga yakanga yava chivako chemakamuri matanhatu. Zana rega rega rakaunza dzimwe njodzi dzekuvaka asi zvakadaro, mushure meimwe neimwe yadzo, pakanga paine kuvakwazve uye kuwedzera. Kunyange yakasvika pakuva nomuchina wokudhinda unokosha neraibhurari iyo zvinosiririsa yakatsvaira moto mukuru muna 1718.
Pasinei negodo mamiriro aya akaunza nawo, nezana ramakore rechigumi nesere imba yemamongi yakanga yakapfuma zvikuruYakanga iine maguta matatu, maguta manomwe, misha mazana maviri nemataundi madiki, zana nemakumi mashanu ezviyo, zana nemakumi mashanu ehupfu, mazana maviri edzimba dzekudyira uye rondedzero inoenderera. Sezvakaitika kune mamwe matunhu eEurope, pane imwe nguva nyika yakasiya zvese uye yakachengeta zvivakwa izvi, pamwe nekuchinja mimwe mibvunzo yekugadzwa kwevakuru vemamongi. Pashure paizvozvo Russification yeimba yemamongi.
Pamberi peChimurenga cheRussia cha1917 pakanga paine mamongi angangoita 1200 nevatsva uye rakanga riri pakati penyika yeOrthodox, zvichikwezva zviuru zvevafambi. Kukwezva kwaive zvimwe zvisaririra zvemamongi akacheneswa, asiwo mapako pachawo, mamwe eNeolithic mavambo, kwaigara mamongi uye akavigwa kubva pakutanga. Iyo labyrinth yematani, maseru, makabati akacherwa kubva mujecha neguruva revhu ...
Mapako Kure uye Mapako Epedyo ane upamhi hwemamita mashanu nemamita maviri pakukwirira. Nzvimbo dzekuvigwa dzakadzika .05 metres uye 2 metres kureba uye imwe yakakwirira, ichine Zvisaririra zvakakuvadzwa zvemamongi nevatsvene. Uyewo kune machapel mazhinji epasi pevhu nemachechi, seChechi yeVarlaam kana Chechi yeSan Teodosio.
Iyo monastic complex iri paLevantameinto de Enero Street, pakati pezvikomo zvine matanda, padyo neRwizi rweDnieper. Inogara mahekita makumi maviri nemasere uye yakakomberedzwa nemadziro. Kune nzvimbo mbiri, dzakakwirira uye dzakaderera kana kure uye dziri pedyo uye mune zvose kune zvivakwa zvakawanda pakati pechechi, mamuseum, mamongi uye zviri pachena, mapako ane mukurumbira.
Chii chekuona muKiev Monastery yeMapako
Machechi makuva, tunnels uye mamuseumchaizvoizvo. Chechi inonyanya kukosha mune yakaoma ndeye Kereke yeKereke yakavakwa pakati pe1073 ne1078. VaSoviet vakaputika chivakwa muna 1941 uye kuvakazve kwakaitika mukupera kwema80. Kune zvakare All Saints Church, iyo yeKukwidziridzwa kweMuchinjikwa, iyo yeKuzvarwa kweMhandara, iyo yeKumuka, iyo Chechi yeVatatu Mutsvene...
Pakati pezvivakwa zvinonakidza ndeye Faviana Library, the Bell Tower yeMapako Itsvala Pharmacy kana the Refectory. Kune shongwe: the Painters Towerla Clock Tower uye Onufrivska Tower, Semuyenzaniso. Pakati pemamiziyamu pane Museum of Book uye Advertising, the Miniature Museum, the National Treasure Museum, pakati pevamwe. Usakanganwa masvingo akakomberedza zvachose monastery. Runako.
Sezvatakataurawo kune makuva mazhinji uye pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvaSaint Kusksha, riya raNestor the Chronologist, guva raOleg, mwanakomana waVladimir II Monomakh, remwanasikana wake Euphemia zvakare uye raPapa Clement I.
Nhasi, zvinosuruvarisa, zvakasara zvakasara zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri izvo zvatinotumidza pamusoro, lavra bajo uye lavra alto. Mapako uye iyo ichiri kushanda yemamongi iri muchikamu chezasi nepo chikamu chepamusoro chichishanda pasi pesimba reMonastery yeTsika yeUkraine uye ndizvo Nhasi inozivikanwa seCultural and Historical Preservation Space.
Nzira inogoneka? Zvinotevera zvinokurudzirwa kune vanofambira: kana vakapinda nepaMagedhi Emapako vanozoona mugwagwa unofamba uchitevedza gadheni remamongi uye wakakomberedzwa kune rumwe rutivi nemadziro akakomberedzwa neminda yemizambiringa. Unogona kuona rwizi uye ipositadhi yakanaka. Muchikamu chechipiri chezana ramakore rechigumi nenomwe nzvimbo yakafukidzwa uye yakavezwa yakatambanudzwa kubva kuMapako Epadyo kuenda kuKure Mapako ndokuenderera mberi yakananga kuMakomo eMapako ichiwedzera runako kune zvese.
Hazvina mhosva kana kune zuva kana mvura, nekuchenjerera zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kufamba nemateru kuyemura chimiro uye magadzirirwo enzvimbo ino yakanaka. Imba yemifananidzo inobatanidza mapoka maviri emapako yakadzorerwa muzana remakore rechiXNUMX uye yakafanana sezvayakanga iri panguva iyoyo. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kufamba nepakati pebindu, mira pamberi pe muchinjikwa wechirangaridzo chegore rezviuru zviviri zvaKristu, kubva panoonekwa panoramic yemapako ese.
Pazasi pebindu pane Mapako aAntonio (Mapako ari Pedyo), nepo Mapako eTheodosius ari mukati mechikomo chakatarisana neChechi huru. Wese munhu, vafambi nevashanyi, vanodirana kuenda kuKiev Cave Monastery uye Pedyo neKure Mapako akapararira panheyo dzemonastery. Rwendo rwacho ruchashamisa. Unoshinga kuzviita here?