Pandaive mwana ndaida kuve Egyptologist uye kunyangwe pakupedzisira ndakazopedzisira ndadzidza Kutaurirana Egypt inoramba iri mumoyo mangu zvachose. Mapiramidhi eEjipitori chimwe chezvakavanzika zvikuru zveHumanity Uye kunyangwe paine vanhu vanofunga kuti vanoziva zvakavanzika zvavo, chokwadi ndechekuti vachiri nezvakavanzika.
Iwe haugone kushanyira Egypt usina kuona mapiramidhi. Izvo zvakafanana. Tiri kutaura pamusoro pemapiramidhi matatu akakosha sezvo zvichikosha kuyeuka kuti havazi ivo voga uye kuti sezviri pachena kune mapiramidhi anodarika zana muEjipitori. Uye vane makore mangani chaizvo? Uyu mubvunzo une mhinduro zhinji, zvinoenderana nekuti tinobvunza ani. Vanochera matongo vachakuudza kuti ainyanya kuvakwa pakati peNguva dzekare neMiddle Kingdom nguva uye kuti yekare pane ese yakatangira munenge muna 2600 BC.
Kana pachinzvimbo iwe ukabvunza wezvokuchera matongo akavhurika kududziro nyowani, ivo vanokuudza kuti kune mapiramidhi, matatu akakosha semuenzaniso, ayo eCheops, Khafren neMenkaure, ayo akura zvakanyanya uye kuti muchokwadi izvo zvaunoona muEjipit hunyanzvi kana mainjiniya mukuderera kwete pane kuwedzera. Unofungei? Iwe uri mumwe weavo vanotenda mukunze kwepasi kana kwevanhu asi pre-diluvia budiriro?
Iyo Giza Mapiramidhi Akaomarara
Pamupata weGiza pane mapiramidhi matatu anozivikanwa muEjipitori: Cheops, Khafre neMenkaure. Chakakomberedza pane zvimwe zvivakwa zvakati wandei, pakati pemapiramidhi madiki netemberi uye neGreat Wall, iyo Rusvingo rweRuzhinji. Kunze kwayo, matongo erudzi rweguta akawanikwa ayo achiri kufukunurwa. Kunyangwe pakutanga zvaifungidzirwa kuti vanogona kunge vari dzimba dzevavaki vemapiramidhi, nhasi zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndipo paigara vaifamba nemasoja nemasoja aishandisa chiteshi.
Uyewo nhevedzano yemakomba kana matsime muchimiro chemabhoti akawanikwa akatenderedza Great Pyramid. Ehezve hakuna kana zvisaririra zvacho asi muma50 tsime nyowani rakawanikwa, rechina, uye rinorema zvikuru uye hombe nzara dzematombo dzakaonekwa mariri uye mushure memakore gumi nemana ekutsvaga nekuchengetedza rakaumbwa kuva chikepe kupfuura 40 metres refu. Nhasi kune miziyamu pamusoro peichi tsime uye ichiri kuvakwa, mu2011, rimwe tsime rechikepe rakawanikwa. Zvinoshamisa!
Iyo piramidhi huru
Iyo piramidhi inonyanya kufarirwa pasirese ndeye iyo Pyramid yeCheops, inozivikanwawo seGreat Pyramid. Inoonekwa seyekare uye yakakura kupfuura yevatatu. Pfungwa yakanyatso pinda mazvikokota, zvichibva pazita rakavezwa mukamuri yemukati inozvibatanidza zvakananga nedzinza rechina uye kuna Farao Khufu, ndeyekuti piramidhi raive guva ramambo uye kuti zvakatora makore makumi maviri kuvaka, kuvaka izvo zvakaitika makore akapoteredza 2600 BC
Iyo Pyramid yeCheops yaive yakavharwa nematombo akavezwa zvakakwana izvo zvakabatana pamwe uye zvaive, sezviri, zvakanamirwa neimwe mhando yesimende. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakatsetseka, kunyangwe pamusoro. Mukati mePiramidhi Huru ine makamuri matatu, repasi pasi rakavezwa muvhu pacharo pazasi peiyo piramidhi chimiro. Vatova mu piramidhi mune iyo inonzi yaMambo Chamber neQueen's Chamber.
Kana tikasiya aya mazita anoshamisira parutivi, dhizaini yemukati mayo haina kufanana neyeguva uye nekuda kwechikonzero icho chakavanzika. Zvakare, muviri kana sarcophagus yehumambo haina kuzombowanikwa mukati mayo uye icho chinonzi "sarcophagus" bhokisi gobvu rekona.
Iyo Pyramidhi yeKhafre
Iyi ndiyo piramidhi yechipiri pakureba muGiza uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti iguva raFarao Khafre uyo akatonga muEjipitori makore mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu BC Riri nemamita 2500 kukwirira kunyangwe pakutanga raive rinosvika gumi metres. Inogadzirwa nematombo emarara anorema anopfuura matani maviri rimwe nerimwe. Iyo ine kona inopinza yekuvaka kupfuura iyo yeGreat Pyramid uye sezvo ichivakwa panzvimbo yepamusoro pane iyo Great Pyramid iyo inoratidzika kunge yakareba.
Zvinoita sekudaro iyo Pyramid yeKhafre yakabatwa chibharo nembavha zviuru zvemakore apfuura. Icho hachina kupfeka kwekutanga futi, kunyangwe hazvo zviri pachena kuti kuba uku kwakaitika muzana ramakore regumi nemanomwe nekuti chinyorwa kubva panguva iyoyo chinotaura nezveaya matombo akapfava, ane ruvara rutsvuku. Pakasvika muongorori weItaly Belzoni muna 1818 akawana kuti maive musina chinhu mukamuri yemukati kunze kwesarcophagus yakavhurika. Chokwadi ndechekuti munzvimbo dzakakomberedza piramidhi yechipiri iyi paivewo neyakaomarara tembere, zvinoshamisa kuti zvakachengetedzwa kuti zvikwanise kuzvifungidzira: tembere yemochari ine ruvanze rwakakomberedzwa, niches ine zvifananidzo, matura uye nzvimbo tsvene.
Iyo Pyramid yeMenkaure
Iyi ndiyo piramidhi diki pane ese matatu uye zvinotendwa kuti raive guva raFarao Menkaure. Iyo yakareba 61 metres, kunyangwe pakutanga yakasvika pamamita makumi matanhatu neshanu uye yakavakwa neremestone uye red granite. Hazvizivikanwe kuti yakavakwa riini nekuti hazvizivikanwe kuti uyu pharao akatonga zvakavimbika.
Mumwe muongorori wechiChirungu akawana pakati pezana ramakore rechi14 mune yemukati kamuri zvisaririra zvesarcophagus yemuti ine zita reMenkaure nemapfupa evanhu. Iyo nzira yeCarbon XNUMX yakaratidza kuti mapfupa ari pasi pezviuru zviviri zvemakore saka haazi arahara. Kupfuurirazve mukati, imwe basalt sarcophagus yakawanikwa asi haigone kuoneka nekuti paakange achifamba nechikepe achipfuura neMediterranean achienda kuEngland chikepe chakanyura.
Dzimwe dzidziso mavambo ePiramidhi reGiza
Kusvikira apa nderuzivo rwunowanikwa maPiramidhi eGiza. Mumwe anosarudza kana kuvimba bofu neshoko revanochera matongo, avo dzimwe nguva vanofungidzira zvakawandisa, kana kuvhurika kune dzimwe dudziro dzisingagare dzichibva kune iyo "yakapenga" nyika yeakajairika nevatorwa. Kune akawanda masayendisiti, geologist, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi, fizikisi, avo vakadzidza mapiramidhi uye vane mamwe maonero.
Iwe unofanirwa kuchengeta pfungwa dzakavhurika: Egypt, Sumer, hunyanzvi hweMayan, tiudze kuti vanhu vakambosvika pane imwe nhanho yeruzivo nezve magetsi, magetsi emagetsi, simbi, mushonga, kemesitiri, electrochemistry uye ma hydraulics, semuenzaniso. Dai paive naamai budiriro ndipo pakatangira iyo zivo uye rimwe zuva rakanaka rakanyangarika kana kuti ruzivo irworwo rwakabva kune nyeredzi panguva yatisingazive. Asi haufanire kuramba kuzvifunga futi.
Nhasi Pane dzidziso mbiri dzinonakidza dzinoenderana nezveGreat Pyramid: mumwe anoti zvinogona kunge chiri chigadzirwa chinogadzira magetsi uye chimwe chikamu cheiyo huru kanyanga kutaurirana nechimwe chinhu kana mumwe munhu ari mune yatinoti Orion Constellation (maringe nepiramidhi zviripo). Unofungei?