Nyika ine zvakawanda nzvimbo dzisinganzwisisike, yeavo izvo zvishoma zvinozivikanwa uye zvakawanda zvinofungidzirwa. Malta ndeimwe yavo kana, zvakanyanya, iyo megalithic temberi dzeMalta. Unovaziva here? Hazvikufadzi here?
Malta chikamu cheEuropean Union uye kunyangwe idiki inyika inogara vanhu vazhinji. Pano, mune ino inoshamisa geography nhasi yakashanyirwa nevashanyi nekuda kwekudziya kwayo mamiriro ekunze, kune matatu Nhaka Yenyika uye mazhinji megalithic tembere ari pakati peyekare uye asinganzwisisike pasi rose.
Malta
Ndicho nyika yakazvimiririra iri kumaodzanyemba kweItari uye kuti kunyangwe hazvo iri panyasha dzenyika dzakasiyana munhoroondo yayo, kubvira muna 1964, yakazvimiririra zvechokwadi. Zviri nyika yechitsuwa inoumbwa nezviwi zvitatu, Malta pachayo, Gozo neComino. Kunewo zvimwe zviwi zvidiki.
Mamiriro ekunze eMalta ari kudziya muzhizha uye munguva yechando kunonaya zvishoma. Ndokusaka vashanyi vazhinji vachienda. Kune mahombekombe ayo uye zviri pachena, kune aya megalithic tembere ayo anonyanya kuda kuziva.
Megalithic tembere dzeMalta
Kune manomwe megalithic tembere muMalta iyo UNESCO inozivikanwa seNyika Heritage Sitess. Ivo vari muMalta uye pachitsuwa cheGozo. Mune yekutanga mune tembere dzaHagar Qim, Mnajdra naTarxien, Ta'Hagrat naSkorba nepo kuGozo kune matembere makuru maviri eGgantija.
Zvese zviripo zvakakura prehistoric zvivakwa inofungidzirwa kuti yakavakwa mukati memireniyamu yechina neyechitatu BC Ivo vari pakati pezvivakwa zvekutanga zvematombo pasi uye vari kukatyamadza chimiro chavo uye kushongedzwa. Ichokwadi ndechekuti tata yega yega yakasarudzika uye inyanzvi yehunyanzvi hwekuita kwavanomiririra.
Nyanzvi dzinoti chiyeuchidzo chimwe nechimwe chine maitiro akasiyana, chirongwa uye matauriro hazvo kune mamwe maitiro akajairika kunge patio yakakomberedzwa iri kumberi uye concave facade. Kazhinji, mukova uri kumberi, pakati pefaçade, unovhura panzira huru ine ruvanze rwakavezwa uye iyo yemukati inoumbwa nedzimba dzedenderedzwa dzakarongedzwa zvakaenzana kune rumwe rutivi rweichi chivakwa.
Idzi dzimba dzinosiyana nenhamba zvichienderana nechivakwa, dzimwe nguva kune matatu makamuri, dzimwe nguva mana kana mashanu, uye pamwe matanhatu. Kune mabwe akatwasuka uye makuru akamira mabwe, Zvinotendwa kuti paive nedenga uye zvese zvinoratidza kuti nzira yekuvaka inoratidza kuwanda kwakawanda. Dombo rinoshandiswa rinowanikwa munharaunda, ndizvo Coral limestone kumadziro ekunze uye a limestone nyoro yezvomukati uye zvekushongedza zvinhu. Hongu, kune zvimwe zvakashongedzwa mukati mezvivakwa uye zvakare zvinoratidza huwandu hwakakosha hwehunyanzvi.
Zvei zvekushongedza zvinhu Tinotaura? Mapanera akashongedzwa nemakomba, anonamira motifs, miti, zvirimwa uye mhuka hazvisi kushayikwa. Zvinotendwa, kubva kune dhizaini dhizaini uye kushongedza, kuti izvi zvivakwa zvekare zvakazadzisa zvimwe tsika tsika yenzanga yakavavaka.
Rinenge rwese ruzivo iwe rwaunowana nezve megalithic tembere dzeMalta dzinobva ku orthodox archeology. Iyi sainzi, kubva pakuongorora kwemabhonzo, zvidimbu zvedongo nemhando dzakasiyana, yakazvisimbisa izvo Vanhu vaigara muMalta kubvira angangoita 5200 BC. Vaigara mumapako asi gare gare vakavaka dzimba dzese nemisha. Zvinotendwa kuti zvimwe kana zvishoma mushure memakore 1600 ekusvika pachitsuwa vakatanga kuvaka matembere akakura aya, ayo nhasi isu tinongoona chimwe chinhu senge mafupa avo.
Mushure mekanguva kekubwinya nekubwinya zvinoita sekudaro Kuma 2300 BC iyi tsika yakanaka yakatanga kudzikira nekukurumidza.uye. Sei? Zvinotendwa kuti nekuda kwekuparadza masango zvakanyanya, kurasikirwa nevhu, huwandu hwevanhu uye kushandiswa kwezvekurima ... Kune zvakare kutaura nezve nzara, gakava remagariro akatenderedza chitendero chinodzvinyirira kana kuuya kwevanopinda nechisimba. Zvisinei, chero chii chakaitika, tsika yeMalta yakaramba uye kusvika kusvika kwevanhu muBronze Age kutenderedza 2000 BC. C chitsuwa chakasiiwa.
Matongo anozivikanwa ndeaya eTembere yaHagar Qim neyaMnajdra, kumahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweMalta, akatarisa kugungwa akananga kuchitsuwa cheFilfla chisina vanhu chinenge makiromita mashanu kubva ipapo. Iri bani rine mhando mbiri dzekalika, rakadzika uye rakaomarara iro rinoshandiswa muMnajdra uye rakakwirira uye rakapfava iro rinoshandiswa muHagar Qim.
Hagari Chim Zvinoreva 'mabwe akamira' uye matongo asati abuda pachena aive akafukidzwa nemurwi wedombo kwaingove nematombo mashoma akamira pamusoro. Tembere iyi inofungidzirwa kuti yakavakwa mumatanho pakati pa3500 BC na 2900 BC uye ine matombo akakurisa pachiwi. Kune dombo rakakura mamita manomwe nemamita matatu uye anorema angangoita makumi maviri matani.
Matongo aya akatanga kuongororwa muna 1839 uye kucherwa kwakakomba kwakaitwa pakati pa1885 na1910. Kana iri lTembere dze Mnajdra dzinenge mazana mashanu emamirioni kumadokero kweHagar Qim, padyo nepanoperera nzvimbo yepamusoro yakatarisa kugungwa. Iyo yakaoma ine zvivakwa zviviri, huru tembere ine maviri elliptical makamuri uye tembere diki ine imwe kamuri.
Matemberi ekucherechedza nyeredzi? Unogona kuva. Musuwo mukuru unotarisana nechekumabvazuva uye panguva yematsutso nematsutso equinoxes mwaranzi yezuva inowira padombo pamadziro eimba yechipiri. Muzhizha nemuchando zuva rinovhenekera makona embiru mbiri dziri mupassage inobatanidza dzimba huru.
Izvo chaizvo zvinoshamisa kubvira matemberi ese ari maviri akaenzana muchadenga uye kwete kamwe chete pazuva asi kanoverengeka: munaHagar Qim, semuenzaniso, mambakwedza mwaranzi yezuva inopfuura neinozivikanwa seyechirevo uye inoratidzira mufananidzo wedisiki rakaenzana saizi neIyo inoonekwa kubva mwedzi uye, sezvo maminetsi anopfuura, diski inokura uye inova ellipse. Kumwe kuenderana kunoitika pakuvira kwezuva.
Chokwadi ndechekuti iyi mibvunzo yemuchadenga yakanyanya kushomeka nekuti kana tichitenda mune zvakavanzika zvekuchera matongo panguva iyoyo zivo iyoyo…. Pane data risiri iro. Vamwe vaongorori vanotaura dzimwe pfungwa dzinonakidza: iyo yekupedzisira nguva yezuva kuma solstices haina kugadziriswa asi inosiyana nekona, kuwedzera kana kuderera, kweiyo Nyika yepasi maringe nendege yekutenderera kwayo kutenderera zuva. Shanduko idzi dzinozivikanwa sehunyanzvi se "kubatikana kweiyo ellipsis" uye ine huwandu hwemadhigirii makumi maviri nemaviri nemaminetsi makumi maviri nemanomwe.
Nekudaro, kutenderera kukuru kweanodarika zviuru makumi mana zvemakore kunoratidzwa uye kana kuenderana kwakura zvakaringana vanozobatanidza mwero wekukanganisa wakakonzerwa chaizvo neichi chinja kushanduka. Kubva mukukanganisa uku zvinokwanisika kuverenga iyo chaiyo zuva rekuvakwa kwetembere.
Nekudaro, mune iyo tembere yeMnajdra tembere, kuenderana kwavo kwakanaka asi hakuna kukwana kwazvo. Saka kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kuenderana kwakaringana kunofanira kunge kwakaitika kanokwana kaviri mumakore gumi nemashanu ekupedzisira: kamwe muna 15 BC uye kamwe pakutanga, muna 3700 BC. Ivo vakuru zvikuru kupfuura izvo zvinotaurwa.
Yakanyanya kushomeka ... Asi chinowedzera chakavanzika ndechekuti kupfuura hukama hwake nenyeredzi iwo matembere e megalithic eMalta anoratidzira mwero wakakura wemasvomhu neinjiniya yekugona. Waizviziva here? Zvichida kwete, nekuti zvinhu zvine chekuita nenyeredzi, masvomhu, uye zvinowanzoitwa mainjiniya zviri kunze kweyechokwadi archeology. Zvakare, hapana chinhu munyika chinotaridzika kunge tembere idzi so hupenyu hwayo hwakajeka.
Chekupedzisira, hatigone kukanganwa nezve kuomarara kwe Hal Saflieni tembereanozivikanwa se iyo Hypogeum. Iyo ine matatu epasi pevhu nhanho gumi nemaviri metres, masitepisi anotenderera anodzika uye maviri makamuri anozivikanwa seOracle neSancta Sanctorum. Kune zvakare iyo Matekisi etekisi, mukati mayo a chakakura chiumbwa nehurefu hwepakutanga hwemamita maviri nehafu, akabhabhatidzwa se Amai Mwarikadzi.
Iyo Tas-Silg tembere uye Skorba Tembere neasina njanji akavezwa kubva pasi inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeMalta uye inosangana mugungwa. Dzinoratidzika semavhiri asi zvirokwazvo hadzisi. Uye izvo ndezvipi? Zvakanaka, chimwe chakavanzika.
Uye zvechokwadi, kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pekufungirana, musings, mazano, fungidziro uye zvimwe kuti kune akakomberedza megalithic tembere dzeMalta kune akawanda mabhuku anonakidza nemawebhusaiti. Maitiro angu ekutanga kuchakavanzika ichi aibva kuruoko rwechinyakare: Erich Von Daniken.