MuSouth America kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinonakidza dzevashanyi uye pakati padzo pane Borivhiya. Plurinational State yeBolivia idiki uye yakapfuma, munhoroondo, mutsika, muhukuru hwevanhu vayo, mukushinga kwemutungamiriri wazvino uye nei zvisingaiti, zvakare mune zvakavanzika zvekuchera matongo.
Anenge makiromita gumi nemashanu kubva pagungwa rine mukurumbira reTiticaca ndiwo matongo e Tiahuanaco kana Tiwanaku, nzvimbo yekuchera matongo muDhipatimendi reLa Paz. Izvo zvasara zvake megalithic zvakagadzirwa inokwezva kutarisisa kwevanochera matongo, vashanyi, vanoda kuziva uye vekare vafundisi nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwemamwe matombo anoita zvivakwa. Mumwe haakwanise kufungidzira kuti vakaiswa sei munzvimbo yavo kana kuti zvinorevei zvavakavezwa, zvizhinji zvacho zvakateedzerwa zvakakwana, sekunge kuti zvinokwana pamwechete.
Tiwanaku
Zvinoenderana neTiahuanaco archaeologists yaive iyo nzvimbo yetsika yezita rimwe chete, a tsika ye pre-Inca mavambo, zvipfuyo uye kurima. Iyi tsika haina kungotora nyika dzezuva ranhasi Bolivia asi zvakare yakasvika kupfuura, kunze kwePeru, Chile neArgentina. Munguva yayo, guta raive nechiteshi paLake Titicaca pachayo, iyo nhasi iri makiromita gumi nemashanu kure. Vamwe vanoti tsika yeTihuanaco yakatanga pakati pa15 na1500 BC, vamwe kuti pakati pa1000 na900 BC Chokwadi ndechekuti rimwe zuva rakanaka akanyangarika.
Izvo zvinofungidzirwawo ndezvekuti mwero wekuvandudzwa kweiyi pre-Inca tsika inogona kuiisa se amai veAmerican budiriro kana sebudiriro ine simba uye yepamberi yaivapo muchikamu chino chenyika mazana mazhinji emakore akapfuura, apo Europe ichiri kukambaira. Uye sei zvichidaro tsika ye tiahuanaco yakanga yafambira mberi? Ndiko kuti zvivakwa zvaro zvinowanikwa zvinoenderana nenyeredzi, izvo zvinoratidza ruzivo rweastronomy, uye zvakare macheramic uye machira anotaura nezve tenzi ruoko.
Izvo zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti kunyangwe isu tichidaidza aya matongo Tiwanaku kana Tiahuanaco zita chairo harizivikanwe. VaSpanish vakavadaidza kuti Tiahuanaco mushure mekubvunza vemo uye nekunzwa kuti ivo vakavatumidza sei. Zvimwe zvakavanzika zvichiripo. Chokwadi ndechekuti kana iwe uchifamba kuburikidza nematongo iwayo, unomira pasi peaya megalithic portals kana iwe unomhanyisa ruoko rwako pakati pematombo, uchiziva kuti hapana pepa rakatetepa rinogona kupinda pakati pezvidhinha zviviri, unogona chete kushamisika kuti ndeipi tekinoroji yakanaka inogona kuita izvozvo.
Vanochera matongo vanoti zvivakwa zvacho zvaive zvakawandisa, kuti zvese zvakange zvakaverengerwa, kuti vanhu ava vaiziva mashandiro kunyange esimbi kushongedza dombo uye kuti riite kupenya muzuva. Uye kana zvisina kukwana, zvese zvakarongedzwa zvinoenderana nemepu yenyeredzi.
Chii chaunoshanyira muTiahuanaco
Zvakanaka musuwo wezuva inowana kuwombera kwese, ndezvechokwadi. Iyo portico, portal, iyo inoshandiswa mune imwechete bwe rebwe rinofanira kuyera matani gumi. Iyo portal yaive chikamu chechivakwa chisisipo uye icho chinofungidzirwa chinogona kunge chiri pane inonzi Akram Pyramid kana mu kalasasaya, uko kune zvimwe zvivakwa zvine mhando iyoyo yedombo, andesite. Musuwo une frieze iyo inomiririra mwari wezuva netsvimbo yeshiri muruoko rumwe norumwe. Kune zoomorphic manhamba ayo anobuda mumisoro yavo uye mamwe anopera mune ezuva discs. Inotaridzika sechiso chepuma uye kune dzakatenderedza makumi matatu nemaviri manhamba eSun Men uye gumi nematanhatu eEagle Men.
La Piramidhi yeAkapana inowedzera chakavanzika kunzvimbo yacho. Iyo inosvika 800 metres mukomberedzo uye ingangoita 18 metres kukwirira. Ndiyo nhanho piramidhi rematanho manomwe uye pamusoro pezvose kune matembere. Kalasasaya Iyo yandaitaura nezvayo pamusoro, pandanga ndichireva iyo Puerta del Sol, ndiyo Tembere yeMatombo akamira. Dhizaini yayo ndeye nyeredzi uye sezviri pachena yaishandiswa kuyera shanduko yemwaka uye gore rezuva. Zuva rinobuda kubva kune imwe nzvimbo equinox yega yega uye solstice yega inoita zvakafanana.
El Ponce monolith Yakawanikwa mu1957 nemumwe wezvokuchera matongo weBolivia, Carlos Ponce. Mamiriro ayo ekuchengetedza akanaka uye hunyanzvi hwaakashanda zvakafanana. Icho chimiro chemunhu chakabata mudziyo unoyera o kero. Kune zvakare iyo Tembere pasi pevhu, anopfuura mamita maviri pamusoro pehupamhi hwevhu, mativi mana, ane madziro uye anopfuura mbiru makumi mashanu uye matombo ejecha ayo anozove akashongedzwa nemisoro yemarara, ese akasiyana kubva kune mumwe, sekunge aive akasiyana madzinza. Icho chivakwa chine yakakwana drainage system iyo ichiri kushanda nanhasi.
El Pachamama Monolith Iyo monolith yemamita anopfuura manomwe kukwirira nematani makumi maviri ehuremu akaendeswa kuLa Paz uye nhasi yadzoka musimamende yenzvimbo iyi. Iyi monolith yakaiswa mukati mepasi peiyi tembere yepasi. Kantatallite Icho chimwe chinonakidza chimiro chinoratidza kuti tsika yeTihuanaco yaizivawo kuveza nemakakombama uye yaishandisa goridhe sekushongedza, kunyangwe hazvo zvakadaro, goridhe rakabhururuka kare.
Chekupedzisira, iwe unofanirwa kutarisa zvakanyanya iyo Pumapunko piramidhi, Putuni kana Muzinda weSarcophagi nedzimba dzayo dzekuviga nemikova inotsvedza, Monolith Fraile and the Gedhi reMwedzi, shongwe 2.23 metres kumusoro uye 23 masendimita gobvu, arch ine yakadzika uye yakakwira zviyero zvakafanana neiyo yehanzvadzi yayo, iyo Puerta del Sol.
Maitiro ekuenda kuTihuanaco
Kana iwe uri muLa Paz unogona enda mubhazi. Mabhazi anobva kunzvimbo yemakuva yemasisita, pana José María Asín mugwagwa, hafu yeawa yega yega. Rwendo iawa nehafu. Mamwe mabhazi anosiya pakati, kubva kuSagárnaga mugwagwa, munzvimbo yeChechi yeSan Francisco. Uye kana isiri iyo Bhazi Rekunze. Ehe unogona zvakare bhuku rwendo mune imwe nzvimbo yekufambisa.
Matipi ekushanyira Tiahuanaco
Matongo anovhurwa kubva 9 am kusvika 5 pm. Iwe unogona kuita kushanya mune rimwe zuva kana kugara husiku muhotera iri padyo. Kune dhorobha riri pedyo nematongo uye kana iwe ukarara imomo unogona kuvashanyira zvakare mangwanani-ngwanani.
Kushanyira matongo akakukodzera uya nescreen, ngowani, magirazi, jasi light nekuti kukaita makore kunogona kutonhora kana kutota nemvura. Unofanira kuenda rini? Nguva yechando inotanga muna Chikumi uye izvo zvino chengetedza mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye akajeka matenga. Musi waChikumi 21, mhemberero dzeGore Idzva dzeAymara dzinoitika uye mabhenefiti mazhinji akatungidzwa. Iyo inoyevedza asi hutsi hunogara kwenguva yakati rebei kwemazuva mashoma.
heyi mafambiro ekufambisa aunogona kuhaya pane saiti, kuziva zvauri kuona, uye zvakare kune miziyamu iyo inoratidza zvidimbu zvakasiyana, machira uye ceramics, izvo zvakawanikwa mune zvekuchera matongo mafaro. Iine imba yekugezera nebhawa.
Kana iwe ukaenda kuPeru, unogona kuenda kuTiahuanaco kubva kuPuno, kumahombekombe kweLake Titicaca. Rwendo rwezuva uye iwe unofamba uchipota nedziva. Maitiro pamuganhu weDesaguadero ari nyore.