Mumwe weanonyanya kuzivikanwa vanhu vemuAfrica ndiye Maasai kana vanhu vechiMasai, iyo nhasi yakagoverwa pakati Kenya neTanzania. Iwe pamwe wakaona zvinyorwa pamatanho akasarudzika kana kunzwa nezvazvo panhau uye mumamuvhi.
Vanhu vechiMasai vakauya kunzvimbo dzavagara iye zvino kubva kuchamhembe kweKenya uye vakatanga kutama muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vachitora nyika. Iri iguta iro, kana iwe ukaenda parwendo kuenda kuAfrica uye uchida mhuka dzesango, unozopedzisira waziva kuti sei gara padhuze nepadhuze uye anonyanya kufarirwa mapaki emunyika. Ngatidzidzei nhasi kubva tsika nemagariro avo.
Maasai
Nhoroondo yemuromo yeguta rino inongotaura izvo, izvo yakatangira muMupata weNire wezasi, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweKenya, uye izvo zvakatanga kutama muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX kusvika zvatora nzvimbo yazvino, mamiriro akasvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
VaMaasai havana kusiiwa kunze kwekukonana kwemakoloni mukondinendi. Mitemo yekugadzirisa, semuenzaniso, yeBritain Humambo, yakatora nyika, kuwedzera kuzvirwere zveEurope zvakabatawo huwandu hwevanhu. Ichokwadi zvakare kuti muzana rese ramakumi maviri zvakare dzakabviswa misha pakagadzirwa mapaki emunyika nenzvimbo dzemhuka dzesangomuKenya neTanzania.
VaMaasai ndivo vafudzi vemombe, vafudzi, uye kukosha kwemurume wechiMaasai kunoonekwa nenhamba yezvipfuyo zvaainazvo pamwe nevana. Kana aine zvishoma zvese, saka anoonekwa seurombo. Vakagara vachiramba kuyedzwa nehurumende dzenyika mbiri kuti vatore hupenyu hwekugara. Uye zvisati zvaitika, munguva dzekoloni, vagara vakaramba uranda.
Pakupedzisira, vanhu vechiMasai vane tumapoka uye imwe neimwe ine tsika dzayo, madimikira, mapfekero ayo, zvichingodaro. Mukati meguta mapoka aya anonzi "marudzi" uye kune angangoita makumi maviri nemaviri.
Tsika dzevaMasai
Maasai society tateguru uye sarudzo dzinoitwa nevarume, dzimwe nguva nerutsigiro kana kurairwa nevarume vakuru. Tsika dzevanhu dzinopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa nemuromo uye mhosva dzekugarisana dzinogamuchira kurohwa panyama kana kubhadhara muzvinonhuwira, ndiko kuti, nemombe, kana chikumbiro chekukumbira ruregerero kana kuita runyararo chikasaitika.
Nezve chinamato chinotaurwa nemaMaasai ndevamwari vamwe, ndiko kuti, vanotenda kuna mwari mumwe chete wavanodaidza Enkai kana Engai. Icho chinhu che huviri hunhu saka sekunge paine Engai Na-nyokie, Mwari akatsvuka akatsvuka, kune Engai Narok, Mwari Mutema, ndiye murume akanaka munyaya. Kune zvakare totem: Oodo Mongi kana Red Cow, uye Orok Kiteng, kana Black Cow; uye zvakare mhuka totem inova shumba.
Zvichida iwe unofunga kuti kuve yakakosha totem iyo shumba haigone kuurawa, muchimiro chemombe dzinoera muIndia, asi hazvisizvo. VaMasai vanouraya shumba, kunyange vachizviita nenzira yakasarudzika nekuti inopfuura mukombe iwo mutambo wekutangisa.
Kune rimwe divi, vaMasai vane chero shaman, mumwe murevereri pakati penyika yeumwari nenyika yevanhu? Hongu, inozivikanwa se laibon uye iye anongoita zviporofita, anoporesa uye anoita kushopera, kazhinji muzvinhu zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze kana kusangana pakati pemarudzi. Iri basa ndere nhoroondo, asi sekuchinja kwakaita nguva nhasi raibon inozadzikisa basa rezvematongerwo enyika.
Nguva dzemazuva ano dzaunza mushonga wekuMadokero padyo nevanhu vechiMaasai, zvichibatsira kusimudzira nhoroondo yekuzvarwa yakaderera uye mwero wekupona wevana. Munyika isina mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana ruzivo rwehutsanana, Maasai ivo vanongoziva mwana semunhu wedzinza aine mwedzi mitatu yekuzvarwa. Ko rufu? Une tsika here kana chinyakare nezverufu kana hupenyu shure kwahwo?
Zvakanaka kwete, hapana chiitiko chakakosha kana zvitendero zvinoongorora hupenyu mushure mekufa. Mune imwe pragmatic maonero ehupenyu kana munhu afa, inofa uye mutumbi unosiyiwa uchitsvaga chikafu, kunyangwe pamwe mukuru mukuru akavigwa. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero mhuka dzisingazvidye, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chimwe chinhu chakaipa chinofanira kunge chakaitwa uye chinogona kuunza nhamo yemhuri, saka kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanotsvaga vanosiya mapfupa ivo dzimwe nguva vanovhara muviri nechikafu.
Kutaura nezvekudya, zvipfuwo ndizvo zvavanoshandisaVanotora nyama, mukaka uye kunyange ropa kubva kumombe, idzo dzavanonwa dzimwe nguva. Kunyangwe kare izvi zvange zviri izvo, kusvika padanho rekuti huwandu hwezvipfuyo hwadzikira nhasi vanovimbawo ne mupunga, mbatatisi, kabichi uye mhunga. Nhasi, kungova mufundisi chete kwakaoma uye guta rose rakakamurwa pakati petsika uye kugadzirira kwevana vavo venyika yanhasi.
Sosaiti yeMaasai inoenderera kubva pakuberekwa kusvika pakukwegura nekusvetuka nhanho dzakasiyana uye tsika dzekutanga izvo zvinoitika kana miviri ichichinja. Nekudaro, hudiki hwevana hunotamba kwazvo kusvika pa12 vanotanga semhare, nepo vasikana vachitadza kubata basa repamba.
Vana, kuva varwi, vakadzingiswa pasina anesthesia. Kukura kunorwadza uye ndiyo pfungwa. Zvinokufadza here? Ehe, fungidzira kuti mboro inopora mushure memwedzi mitatu kana mina uye panguva iyoyo kuita weti mamiriro.
Vana, makore apfuura, vanoenda kune imwe tsika inoita kuti vabudirire, ngatitii, chinzvimbo che vakuru varwi. Nekudaro, avo vakavatangira vanoenderera mberi nekuita sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika vachitora nzvimbo yaimbove yakachengetwa nevakuru, kudzamara ivo pachavo vaive vezera iro. Varwi vechidiki vane vhudzi refu, vakuru vane vhudzi pfupi. Ko vasikana? Zvakanaka, heino tsika yekudzingisa vasikana sedanho pamberi pechimiro chake chekuve mukadzi anoroora.
VaMaasai vanoona kudzingiswa kwevanhukadzi sekukosha uye Varume vechiMaasai havaroore vakadzi vasina kumboita tsika iyi akadanwa emuratare Uye kana vachibvuma, roora rakachipa zvikuru. Mukadzi asina kudzingiswa anonzi haasati akura. Haufanire kunge uine chikwambo chekuroora uye kuita nhumbu, uye kana wabata pamuviri haugone kuita bonde.
Zviripachena, iyi tsika mazuva ano inoshoropodzwa zvikuru uye kune hukasha hwakasimba kupokana nazvo kusvika pakuzadzikiswa kwekuti, dzimwe nguva, asi kwete zvakawanda, zvakawanda hazviitwe uye tsika yedare iri yekufananidzira. Zvinofanira kutaurwa nhasi muKenya neTanzania kuchecheudzwa kwevanhukadzi kunorambidzwa.
Izvi zvine chekuita neruzhinji rweMaasai nehunhu hwayo, chimwe chinhu chinofanirwa kuverengerwa usati waenda kuAfrica kuti uvazive zviri nani. Mushure mezvo, izvo iwe zvauchaona zvine chekuita nazvo nemimhanzi yacho nekutamba kwayo neunyanzvi hwayo. Kune akawanda matambiro, nziyo uye chinamato chechokwadi cheiyo kugadziriswa kwemuviri kuburikidza nemhete munzeve, dzese mhando uye hukuru, uye kubviswa kwemakanini muhucheche (nekuti ivo vanofunga kuti manyoka, fivha kana kurutsa zvinokonzerwa nekubuda ropa kubva mazino aya). .
Vanopfekawo magemenzi, zvishongo, uye zvipfeko zvine mavara zvinotengeswa sezviyeuchidzo kuvashanyi. Pakupedzisira, zvimwe chokwadi: nhasi huwandu hwayo hunofungidzirwa kuve vanhu zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe varikutaura nezvei Mon, asi zvakare Vanotaura Chirungu nechiSwahili.