yepamusoro pepamusoro muEurope

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chii nhamba yepamusoro-soro muEurope? Kana uchida kusangana naye, unofanira kufamba kuenda Caucasus, sezvo iri Gomo reElbrus. Iyo ine hurefu hwemamita 5642, kunyangwe, kuve chaiyo, isu taizoidaidza kuti massif.

Nokuti, pedyo nekukwira uku kana West Elbrus, ane iya inonzi muromo Elbrus East, ine 5621. Zvinoshamisa kuti, iwo anoteverwa mukukwirira neimwe nzvimbo yakakwirira yemakomo eCaucasus, the Gomo reShkhara. Uye, shure kwavo, tinofanira kufamba kuenda kuCordillera de maAlps kuwana chechina, inova Mont Blanc, iine 4810 metres ehupamhi. Kana iri yechishanu, inogovera nzvimbo yealpine neyekutanga, asi mune yayo chikamu cheSwitzerland, sezvo chiri dufour peak, iine mamita 4634 pamusoro pegungwa. Asi ikozvino tichasvika pakuziva iyi Russian colossus zviri nani, inova iyo yepamusoro peak muEurope.

Mamiriro ezvinhu

Gomo reElbrus riri kumadokero kweCaucasian makomo, iyo, pamwe chete muUrals, inoratidza muganhu uri pakati peAsia neEurope. Iyo ndeye yeRussian Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria uye iri makiromita angangoita makumi matanhatu kubva kuguta re Kislovodsk, yakakurumbira kubva muzana remakore rechiXNUMX nokuda kwemvura yayo yemishonga.

Kuti ndikupe iwe fungidziro yehukuru hweElbrus, isu tichakuudza kuti inogara ice cap inochengetedza mazaya echando makumi maviri nemaviri, umo munowanikwa nzizi nhatu: iyo Malka, iyo Kuban uye Baksan. Kune rumwe rutivi uye sekuda kuziva, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti zita renzvimbo yegomo iri Mengi Tau, zvinoreva kuti “gomo remakomo ane chiuru”.

Asi chinonyanya kukosha, kana iwe uchida kukwira makomo kana kungoshanyira makomo, ndechekuti inzvimbo inoshamisa yemakomo ane chando, materu anogarwa nemasango makuru emhandara, madziva akadzikama uye nzizi huru.

Mamiriro ekunze kana nguva yekushanyira iyo yepamusoro peak muEurope

Kana iwe uri kufunga kuenda kunzvimbo yepamusoro-soro muEurope, zvakakosha kuti utarise mamiriro ekunze nekuti anogona kutamba matricks pauri. Munguva yechando, iyo yepamusoro inonyoresa tembiricha iri pasi pe50 degrees pasi pe zero. Zvisinei, mipata yacho inodziya uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera kunaya kwechando kwakanyanya uye kunaya kwemvura. Kana iri yekupedzisira, vanogona kudarika 1000 millimeters nyore nyore.

Kune chikamu chayo, muzhizha, inenge hafu yemazuva iri zuva. Zvisinei, mhepo inoita kuti mamiriro ekunze asave akanaka zvachose. Muchokwadi, pamusoro pezviuru zvina zvemamita, pane mamiriro e arctic blizzard izvo zvinopotsa zvinokanganisa kuoneka. Muchidimbu, kana uri kufunga kukwira Elbrus, unofanira kuyeuka kuti mamiriro ekunze haakupi zororo.

Imwe nhoroondo yeMount Elbrus

Geologically, gomo iri rakatanga, kufanana neCaucasus yose, ne Arabian neEurasian plate inodhumhana, izvo zvakakonzera kudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru munharaunda yacho. Gomo reElbrus rakatanga kuumbwa makore angangoita mamirioni gumi apfuura nekuda kwekuputika kwemakomo. Vakafukidza nzvimbo ye Makiromita 260 makiromita nezvimedu zve tuff, rhyolite, rhyodacite uye ignimbrite. Mushure mezvo, kuputika kweuranium-lead kwakaenderera kusvika makore angangoita mazana manomwe ezviuru apfuura.

Ukuwo, nhetembo dzakawanda ndizvo zvinotaurwa nengano pamusoro paElbrus. Maererano neizvi, mugomo akanga akasungwa necheni Prometeo, titan uyo akaba moto kubva kuna vamwari kuti aupe kuvanhu, nokuti Zeus. Asi zvakanyanya kuomarara kwenhoroondo kune maviri ekutanga kukwira kumusoro.

Akatanga kusvika kuMabvazuva ndiye aiva mutungamiriri Khillar Khashirov, pamusoro perwendo rwesainzi rwe Imperial Russian Army atumwa naye General Emmanuel. Maererano nekarenda yaJulius, wakanga uri July 10, 1829. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusvika pamusangano weWest summit kwakaitika gare gare, zvikurukuru muna 1874. Chiitiko chitsva chakanga chiri nemhaka yeboka reBritain rinotungamirirwa na Florence Crauford Grove iyo yaisanganisirawo Frederick Gardner, Horace Walker, Peter Knubel uye mutungamiri Ahiya Sottaiev. Vakatobudisa bhuku rezvavakaita riine mepu nemifananidzo yenzira yavakafamba nayo.

Nechekare muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri mauto eGermany akatora nzvimbo yeMount Elbrus kwemwedzi mishomanana. Mutungamiriri wemauto akatotumira rwendo rwepamusoro, izvo sezviri pachena zvakatsamwisa Hitler seasingabatsiri.

Zvadaro, hurongwa hwe mota dzetambo kusvika kureba hunosvika zviuru zvina zvemamita. Zvisinei, kukwira kune iyi colossus yeCaucasus nenzira yekare hakusi, nehunyanzvi, kwakaoma. Dambudziko guru rauchawana kana uchida kuzviita imamiriro ekunze, ayo, sezvatakataura, anoita kuti zviome kwazvo kufambira mberi wakananga kumusoro kunyangwe muzhizha.

Kunyanya kuoma kunovhara nzira yekuchamhembe. Inokupa iwe zvishoma zvivakwa pane zvakapfuura uye uchafanirwa kudzika musasa panzvimbo yakakwirira ye4800 metres. Uyezve, mamiriro ekunze haatombofungidziki uye aizi nesinou zvakazara.

Flora nemhuka dziri panhongonya yepamusoro muEurope

Kana iri yekutanga, inosvika zviuru zviviri mamita yakakura virgin pine, birch uye masango emadota umo marudzi akasiyana ehowa nema berries anokura. Kune chikamu chayo, munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemafuro iwe unogona kuona imwe yeakanakisa maruva makwenzi munharaunda, iyo caucasus rhododendron, iyo inopukunyuka mhepo nokuda kwekudzika kwemidzi yayo. Uye, kana ukaramba uchikwira, munzvimbo dzechando uye dzechando uchawana lichens pamatombo akachena.

Nezvemhuka dzepamusoro-soro muEurope, masango atataura ndiwo musha wazvinogara bere rebrown, marten, katsi yemusango, squirrel, mole, polecat kana marudzi akasiyana ecervids. Chamois nemhando dzakasiyana dzembudzi dzakadai segomo remusango kana caucasus tour. Iko zvakare hakuna kushomeka kwemakava, mapere uye lynx. Nezveshiri, unogona kuwana mhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa dzakadai se caucasus grouse, asiwo saker neperegrine falcon, gondo rehumambo nehumambo kana gora rine ndebvu.

Pakupedzisira, maererano nezvinokambaira, pane zvakawanda nyoka yaKaznakov uye, maererano nemhuka dzinorarama panyika mumvura, mhando dzakadai secommon newt, datya regirini, chiremwaremwa chebrown kana datya dema.

Nzira yekusvika sei kuGomo reElbrus

Pasinei nekwawakabva, kana wangosvika Moscow uchafanira kutora imwe ndege kuti usvike pedyo neElbrus. Ndege dzinouya pedyo ndidzo dzinokusiya mukati Mineralnye Vody o Nalchik. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiro guta guru reRepublic of Kabardino-Valkaria, zviri zve Federación Rusa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuita rwendo rwako nechitima, asi chakareba uye chinorema.

Tinokupa zano kuti uuye nemari yakatsinhaniswa nekuti munzvimbo idzi zvichakuomera kuti uzviite. Kana wangosvika ikoko, uchada motokari inokusvitsa ikoko. Terskol, in baksan valley, inova panotangira kukwira kuGomo reElbrún. Zvinoshamisa, munzvimbo ino yekupedzisira zvese zviri nyore, kusanganisira kunzwisisana muChirungu. Chikonzero ndechokuti ndiyo poindi apo vashanyi vose vokune dzimwe nyika vanouya kunharaunda yacho vanoisa pfungwa huru.

Kubva ipapo, chinhu chakajairika kuenda kuzasi kwemupata, kunyanya kuenda Azau, kwaunogona kutora imwe yemotokari dzetambo dzinokuendesa kusvika kunosvika zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu emamita pakureba. Kukwirira zvishoma ndiko Diesel Hut, kubva kwaunogona kutorwisa kumusoro kwezuva rimwe chete.

Chii chekuona pedyo neMount Elbrus

Kana uchizokwira iri gomo re<em>colossus, unogonawo kutora mukana wacho kuziva mamwe maguta munharaunda yacho. Sezvatakakuudzai, Nalchik Iro ndiro guta guru reRepublic of Kabardino-Valkaria uye ine vagari vanosvika zviuru mazana matatu. MuNzvimbo de la Concordia iwe unowana iyo Imba yehurumende, chivakwa chinoshamisira neoclassical.

Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kukwezva yedhorobha ipaki yayo yakakura: iyo Atazhukinsky gardens. Mune izvi iwe unowana akawanda anokwezva, zoo, odhitoriyamu uye imwe varaidzo. Asi kunyanya kunaka ndiko Orthodox Cathedral yaMary Magdalene, yakapedzwa muna 2012 uye nemaitiro akajeka eByzantine. Pedyo neizvi, chimwe chiyeuchidzo chikuru chechitendero cheNálchik ndicho central mosque.

Kune rimwe divi, mubatanidzwa neRussia anopfuura mazana mana emakore apfuura wakazvipira kune arch of friendship and the chivako kuna Maria Temryukovna, mwanasikana womuchinda weKabardin uye mumwe wevakadzi vaTsar Ivan IV, inozivikanwa se "Inotyisa". Saizvozvowo, kugadzirwa kwe chiteshi chechitima, iyo facade yakashongedzwa nembiru gumi uye shongwe inopera netsono.

Kune chikamu chayo, the mujaho Yakatangwa mumakore makumi matatu ezana remakore rechiXNUMX uye inopindura kune tsika yeEquestrian yenharaunda. Pakupedzisira, kunze kweguta une madziva ebhuruu, iyo iyo hydrogen sulfide deposits inokonzerwa, maererano nengano, kune dhiragoni inogara pasi uye inodonhedza misodzi, uye Chegem gorge nemapopoma. Ichi chiyeuchidzo chekupedzisira chechisikigo chinoumbwa nemapopoma matatu, imwe neimwe yakawedzera kunaka.

Tataurawo nezvazvo Kislovodsk, iyo inonzi inonzi Stavropol Krái, uye mvura yayo yemishonga. Muguta rino, tinokupa zano kuti ushanyire mutsvene Nicholas cathedral, musikiti uye inonakidza Museum-Fortress. Asi kupfuura zvose, swedera pedyo neanokosha spa gardens and to Castle of Deceit and Love, inova hotera. Zvese izvi pasina kukanganwa Kurortny Boulevard nekuisa simba Temberi yePanteleimon Muporesi.

Mukupedzisa, takakuratidza iyo nhamba yepamusoro-soro muEurope. Sezvatakakuudza, iri munharaunda yeCaucasus, mukati menzvimbo huru ye Federación Rusa, kunyanya muRepublic of Kabardino-Valkaria, wedzero inosvika zviuru gumi nezvitatu zvemakiromita azere nezvishamiso zvakasikwa. Haudi here kuziva nzvimbo yakasarudzika yakadai?