IGrisi yindawo ekungafuneki ukuba umhambi aphoswe yiyo. Inayo yonke into: i-gastronomy engakholelekiyo, uninzi lwembali, inkcubeko eninzi kunye neendawo zezinto zakudala ezinokuthelekiswa nezo zase-Egypt. Omnye wabo ungene UDelphi kwaye lilize i-UNESCO ibhengeze le ndawo Ilifa lehlabathi.
Sonke sivile Umlomo wedelphi ngaxa lithile, ngaba kunjalo? Ukwahlulahlula, ukufundwa kwexesha elizayo, imiqondiso…. Ukongeza kula mabali avela kwi-Antiquity okanye ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yabo, inyani kukuba yindawo ekungenakuphoswa kuyo.
UDelphi
Namhlanje isixeko simi kwelinye lamathambeka eNtaba iParnassus, kufutshane kakhulu nesiza esidumileyo se-oracle kunye nendawo engcwele ka-Apollo, kufutshane nedolophu yaseKastri kwaye ziikhilomitha ezili-15 kuphela ukusuka kwiGulf of Corinth.
Kumaxesha amandulo, indawo eyayiphakathi kweentaba yayisenza kube nzima ukufikelela kuyo, ke ngoko zazintathu iindlela zokungena kuyo: ukusuka e-Anfisa, eCrisa nase-Boeotia. Yayinye idolophu encinci ikhuselwe ngokuqinileyo yijografi yayo, kodwa udonga nayo yayakhelwe yona.
Indawo leyo yaziwa ngokuba yindawo engcwele kwanangaphambi kwamaGrike amandulo. UHomer uthe isiseko se-oracle ngumsebenzi ka-Apollo, owayefuna ukuyifumana kufutshane neNtaba iParnassus, wayithanda kakhulu le ndawo kwaye wayakha itempile. Ewe, ngaphambi kokuba akhathalele ukucoca indawo yeenyoka kunye nezilo, etsala abefundisi phakathi kwamaKrete kunye nokulungiselela yonke into. Okanye bathi.
Inyani yile yokuba, ekuqaleni, isixeko saseCrisa sasilawula i-oracle kunye nendawo engcwele, kodwa ekugqibeleni, ecaleni kwendlu engcwele, esinye isixeko saqala ukubonakala, kwinqanaba elithile, sathi sifuna ukusilawula: UDelphi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha iDelphi yayibaluleke ngaphezu kweCrisa kunye nezibuko layo kwaye yaba isixeko esinamandla - ilizwe. Ababingeleli bengcwele babekhethwe kumnombo wendawo ababefanele ukuba banemvelaphi yaseDoric, kunye nabalawuli babo.
Kwakungekho demokhrasi apha okanye nantoni na enjalo. Urhulumente waseDelphi waye ulawulo lobuthixo ngokuba yonke into ibigqitha ngetempile nakunqulo lwayo. Umhlaba wawusebenza ngamakhoboka kwaye ababingeleli bafumana izipho kunye neminikelo kookumkani abazizityebi kunye nabarhwebi ababebuza kule ndawo. Akukho nto ingaziwayo kuthi. I-oracle yayidume kakhulu ke xa yabamba umlilo ngo-548 BC kwagqitywa kwelokuba uyakhe ngobuqaqawuli obukhulu.
Emva kwexesha amaPersi ayakufika, iinyikima ezitshabalalisayo, abanye bangena ngenkani kuba ubuncwane betempile babenomtsalane kwabaninzi, abanye bephanga kwaye ekugqibeleni NguNero othathe amakhulu emifanekiso eqingqiweyo, wawahlula umhlaba phakathi kwamajoni akhe waphelisa indawo. Ihlale ithutyana ixesha elide ngoncedo luka-Adriano kodwa ekugqibeleni UTheodosius ndavala unqulo lobuhedeni ngo-385. Ukufika kobuKristu kwakulibalekile kwaye kungahoywa.
Ukwembiwa kwezinto zakudala kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ezandleni zamaJamani kwaye sinetyala lezinto ezininzi ezinomdla kunye nokumba okuqhubekayo kwizandla zeFrench School of Athene.
Yintoni ongayibona eDelphi
Indawo yezinto zakudala ineendawo ezingcwele ezimbini, enye inikezelwe kuAthena enye ineApollo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zemidlalo. Xa ufika ngqo usuka eAthene into yokuqala oyibonayo yiSanctuary yeAthena Pronaia, phambi kweNdlu kaApollo. Ngaphandle kodonga indawo yokuhlala yaseDelphi inabela, kodwa ngaphakathi kweendonga kulapho iTholos ikhoyo, namhlanje iluphawu lwesiqithi, kunye nento eseleyo yeetempile ezintathu ezinikezelwe kuthixokazi.
Zimbini iitempile ezindala ukuthandana phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-500 kunye ne-373 BC Itempile yesithathu eyenziwe ngelitye lekalika yatshatyalaliswa yinyikima ngowama-XNUMX BC Ingcwele ikwaquka nezibingelelo zikaZeus, uAthena Ergane, uAthena Zosteria, uEileithyia noHygeia kwaye kukwakho Intsalela yezakhiwo ezibini ezinikezelwe kunqulo lwamagorha endawo agxotha amaPersi kwisiqithi, iAutonos nePhylakos.
Ngokunxulumene nale nyani yembali kukho isikhumbuzo, a umfanekiso oqingqiweyo womlawuli uHadrian kunye nesakhiwo esaziwa njenge "ndlu yababingeleli." Emantla ntshona yengcwele ka-Athena yi umthambo, ibala lemidlalo kunye neendawo zokuhlambela. Phezulu endulini apho bekukho umthombo, i intwasahlobo engcwele yaseDelphi abahambi babedla ngokuya kusela baze bazihlambulule ngaphambi kokuya kwi-oracle.
Intliziyo yendawo kodwa ingcwele ka-Apollo, ijikelezwe ludonga olunomnyango omkhulu kumazantsi mpuma. Ukusuka apha iNdlela eNgcwele okanye indlela efikelela kwiNdlu ka-Apollo iqala, kulapho umfundisikazi athetha khona ngengqikelelo yakhe. Emacaleni kukho ithala lokufakelwa elineendonga ezinkulu ezinee-porticoes kunye nezinye ezininzi Izikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kubantu abazizityebi kunye noothixo bamaGrike.
Zonke ezi zizikhumbuzo, ezinye zazo zintle kakhulu, ezibonisa inqanaba lobugcisa lamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nobutyebi babo bawuthumele njengombulelo kumlomo. Kukho ubhedu okanye isilivere, imarble ebalaseleyo, kwaye zinobunewunewu.
Le ndawo iyinto enomdla kwaye igqibelele kwaye ekusebenzeni kufuneka ukuba yayimnandi. Cinga ngokuqhubela phambili etempileni kwakukho indawo yokubonela apho ukhuphiswano lomculo nolweqonga lwenzeka khona kwaye nangaphezulu kwakusekho ibala lemidlalo yeembaleki. Mhle! Dibanisa iintsalela ze amangcwaba amaxesha amandulo nawaseRoma ezingaphandle kwaye zijikeleze iindawo ezingcwele kwaye uya kuchitha ixesha elininzi uhamba, ufota kwaye ucinga.
Unokufika njani eDelphi? Isixeko sanamhlanje saseDelphi sisendleleni edibanisa i-Amfisa ne-Itea kunye neAráchova. Abakhenkethi bavela kwihlabathi liphela kuba indawo yezinto zakudala isondele kakhulu. Kukuye i Imyuziyam yase-Delphi kunye nobuncwane bonke bayo. UDelphi ngaphezulu nje kweeyure ezimbini ukusuka eAthene ngenqwelo-mafutha. Njengoko iDelphi isendaweni enzima ukufikelela kuyo ufika apho ngendlela kuphela kwaye eyona nto intle kukusebenzisa olu hambo ukuze wazi ezinye iindawo, umzekelo iMeteora kunye neemonki zayo.
Ungaqesha imoto okanye uhambe ngebhasi. Indlela yeAthene-Delphi ihlanganiswe neenkonzo ezintandathu ngosuku. Iibhasi zisuka kwiTheminali B kwisitalato iLiossion eAthene ukusuka nge-7: 30 kusasa ukuya nge-8 ngokuhlwa. Vumela malunga neeyure ezintathu zokuhamba.