Mongoliya Ilizwe elikude elingavaliyo eAsia nelaliphantsi komgaqo weSoviet Union ngexesha loMlo obandayo. Ikomkhulu lalo Ulaanbaatar Kwaye nangona ingeyondawo inabakhenkethi kwilizwekazi, baya besanda abantu abathatha uhambo lokuya apho.
Ukuba uthanda iindlela ezingunaphakade kunye neendawo ezikude, awoyiki uhambo olude okanye indawo apho iSpanish okanye isiNgesi kungathethwanga khona, ke Ulaanbaatar ikulindile. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda kwi-adventure yakho.
Ulaanbaatar, isixeko esilikomkhulu
Mongoliya iphakathi kwe-Asia eseMbindi kunye ne-Mpuma ye-Asiya kwaye abamelwane bayo abayiyo enye into kwaye akukho nto iphantsi kweRussia ne China. Oko kuyinike izahluko ezininzi ezinesiganeko kwimbali yayo, ukuhlaselwa, ukuzimela okufutshane kunye nokuxhomekeka kakhulu kubamelwane bayo abanamandla. Ke lelinye lamazwe athe aba bubukomanisi kwakamsinya emva koGuquko luka-Okthobha we-1917 ukusukela oko ngo-1924 i-People's Republic of Mongolia yabhengezwa kwaye urhulumente wobukomanisi wamkelwa.
Olu hlobo lukarhulumente luza kuqhubeka kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kude kube ngokuwa kweSoviet Union xa ibizwa nje ngokuba yiMongolia. Lilizwe elikhulu, zininzi zomphezulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye akunabemi baninzi kuba loo ndawo ihlala inoburhalarhume: intlango yaseGobi, amathafa angapheliyo, iintaba ...
Ulaanbaatar yintloko Kwaye kuthetha igama IQhawe elibomvu, ngozuko lweqhawe lesiseko seRiphabhlikhi. Kusemantla elizwe, kwintlambo eyakhiwe ziintaba ezininzi, kwaye umlambo uyayiwela. Kwilizwe elikhulu kodwa elinabantu abambalwa uninzi lwabemi luxinene apha, kwangaxeshanye lunye inkcubeko, iziko lezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.
Yayisungulwa kwi-1639 kodwa yamkela isibhakabhaka esixekweni ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, kwaye sele iphantsi kolawulo lweSoviet ikopa ubukomanisi, ingwevu, ubukhulu, isitayile sokwakha esidikayo. Kodwa ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kweMongolia neSoviet Union bakhokelela ekwakheni iimovie, iithiyetha, iifektri, iimyuziyam kunye nesikhululo sikaloliwe esikhulu kwindlela yaseMoscow-Beijing, iTrans-Mongolian. Ngokudabukisayo, elinye icala lengqekembe yayikukutshatyalaliswa kweetempile ezininzi zeBuddhist kunye neemonki.
Sele siyazi ukuba ukuwa kodonga kuphawule isiphelo se-bipolar kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwinjongo enye yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle kokulingana, yayiyingxowankulu yehlabathi eyasasazeka kwihlabathi lonke kwaye yafika apha. Okokuqala, utshintsho kunye nokukhula kwakubonakala esixekweni njengoko abantu abaninzi abavela ngaphakathi bafudukela esixekweni, kodwa elinye ixesha laqala e-Ulaanbaatar.
Ulaanbaatar kunye nokhenketho
Into oyindwendwelayo iya kuhlala ixhomekeke kwixesha onalo. Ukuba uza kubakho ngolunye usuku kuphela, kuya kufuneka uvuke kwakusasa Kwaye undwendwele ezi ndawo zilandelayo: Gandan Monastery, National Historical Museum, Sukhbaatar Square enesikhumbuzo iGenghis Khan, Zaisan Hill Memorial, Buddha Garden kwaye uzimase imiboniso yesizwe kunye nokutyelela iivenkile zobugcisa imali ezinkozo.
La ISukhbaatar Square yintliziyo yesixeko kuba kukho imifanekiso emibini eqingqiweyo ebalulekileyo: omnye ngu Genghis Khan, Umlobi waseMongol kunye nomnqobi owamanyanisa izizwe waza wasungula ubukumkani obuye balawula phezu kweChina. Omnye umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ngokaDamdin Sukhbaatar, owanika igama lesixeko, iRed Hero, eyakhiwe kwakule ndawo inye apho ihashe lachama khona ngexesha lentlanganiso yoMkhosi oBomvu.
El IMyuziyam yeMbali yeNdalo Yindawo enomdla kakhulu ukuba uyafuna Amathambo edinosaur okanye meteorites iwe emhlabeni waseMongolia. Kukwakho nemiboniso edlula kwimbali yelizwe ukusuka kumaxesha angaphambi kokubhalwa kwembali ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ibandakanya ubuqaqawuli bobukhosi baseMongol.
Ngokuphathelele ezimbalwa iimonki kunye neendawo ezingcwele ezishiyekileyo emva kwentshukumo echasene nenkolo ye-30s, siyayibona i- I-Chojin Lama Monastery, yagqitywa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-1942 yaza yajika yaba yimyuziyam ngowe-XNUMX I-monastery yaseGandan Ivela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye ine Isifanekiso segolide esimi ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-26 ubude kwaye imele uMigjid Janraisig, i-bodhisattava yenceba, ehlonitshwa kakhulu kwilizwe lamaBuddha. YiKannnon yaseJapan, umzekelo.
I-Zaisan Hill inesikhumbuzo. Kumazantsi esixeko kwaye kwakhiwa abantu baseRussia ngembeko ye Amajoni aseSoviet asweleka kwi-WWII. EMongolia amaRussia anedabi elinzima namaJapan apho kwaqikelelwa ukuba ama-45 amaJapan kunye nama-17 amaRussia afa. Ekugqibeleni abokuqala bancama. Kukho udonga ngaphakathi kwendandatho enkulu yekhonkrithi ephezulu.
Ufika apha ngokuhamba imizuzu engama-20 ukunyuka induli kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ibonelela kakhulu izimvo ezilungileyo zesixeko kuba ungabuxabisa ubungakanani bayo, jonga umlambo iTuulu, iifektri kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala. Nokuba uyabuthanda ubomi bendalo kunye nokuhamba kwaye unosuku oluhle lwemozulu, ukusuka apha ungaqala ukunyuka ngeNdawo yasePortegida yeBogd Khan Uul, ngasemva kwesikhumbuzo.
Kuwo onke amabhotwe awayekade enaso isixeko, kuphela IBodd Khan Palace yaseBusikanamhlanje Imyuziyam yokumkani wokugqibela waseMongolia. Ngaphakathi kwindawo enkulu inetempile ezintandathu kwaye ibonisa izinto zokumkani kunye nenkosikazi yakhe.
Ekugqibeleni kukho i Igadi yakwaBuddha enomfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBuddha owawakhiwe ngo-2007 kwaye uphakame kangangeemitha ezili-18. Kude kube kutshanje ipaki ibinesizungu kwaye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo ubunyanzelisa kodwa kwakhiwe izakhiwo zentengiso zezakhiwo ezide.
Kodwa besitshilo I-Ulaanbaatar sesona sixeko sikhulu esingcolileyo kwihlabathi. Ngoba? Ngaba ukukhula kwesixeko akukho nkathalo esibhakabhakeni sayo. Abantu utshisa amalahle neenkuni Ukulwa nobusika, ubusuku babo obunokufikelela -40ºC, izityalo zamandla obushushu zisebenza ngobuninzi bazo, zikhupha iigesi emoyeni kwaye iimoto zitshicela ungcoliseko ngakumbi ngemibhobho yazo yokukhupha.
Ungcoliseko lubalulekile, isalathiso samasuntswana kumanqwanqwa okuphawula angaphezulu kwama-500 kwityhubhu nganye nganye, oko kukuthi ngamanye amaxesha angama-25 ngaphezu kokucetyiswa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi. Ke, umoya awunakuphefumlwa kwaye izifo zokuphefumla. Ngaba ikhona into ayenzayo urhulumente? Sele iqalile ukwenza, ewe, kwaye ithengisa ngexabiso lenkxaso-mali izitovu eziphekiweyo eziphelisa umsi oyingozi, ukongeza ekunikezeleni ngombane ngamaxabiso asezantsi ukuze kungatshiswa amalahle. Iimoto zeHybrid nazo ziqalisile ukujikeleza, iToyota Prius, umzekelo. Ndiyathemba ukuba iyasebenza.
Kunjalo I-Ulaanbaatar yindlela yokungena eMongolia entle nenkulu. Ungahlali apho, vula loo mnyango wokuya kulonwabo.