Enye yeefoto engazange iphoswe kwi-arhente yezokhenketho yileyo ye Machu Pichu, inqaba ye-Inca ePeru eyakhiwe yi 2445 yeemitha zokuphakama. Amakhulu abantu aya kuhambo ngezonqulo nyaka ngamnye ukuze abone la mabhodlo amangalisayo, yaye abantu abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi bayaxubana phakathi kweentaba.
Kodwa uyazi yintoni IMachu Pichu iyatshona? Oku koko zikutshoyo ezinye iingcali. Injalo? Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, zithini izizathu?
Machu Pichu
Los IAndes Luluhlu lweentaba zaseMelika ezityhutyha amazwe amaninzi elo lizwekazi. Ebudeni bokudlula ePeru, amaInca akha inqaba engcwele, ekuqaleni kokufika kwamaSpeyin eMelika.
Abembi bezinto zakudala baqikelela ukwakhiwa kwayo malunga nonyaka we-1450.. Isencotsheni yentaba kwaye indalo yayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayinkulu ubugcisa bobunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo yale dolophu yakudala. Imisebenzi yayo ayicacanga ngokupheleleyo: Ngaba yayiliziko lolawulo kunye nezolimo okanye yayiyi-mausoleum enkulu ye-Inca Pachacutec? Okanye yayilikhaya lokuphumla? Isenokungaze yaziwe ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa isekhona, ithiyori ecela umngeni kwaye kwangaxeshanye.
Yafunyanwa ngo-1911, okanye kunoko, yafunyanwa kwakhona, yiMelika uHiram Bingham. Unjingalwazi wafumana inkxaso kwiYunivesithi yaseYale kunye neNational Geographic Society kwaye wachitha iminyaka embalwa elukhula kwaye egrumba. Inqaku lokuqala lobuntatheli malunga nekomkhulu lavela kwiphephancwadi iNational Geographic, ngowe-1913.
Unjani umzi? Indawo eyakhiweyo ye-citadel Iimitha ezingama-520 ubude neemitha ezingama-200 ububanzi kwaye kukho iindawo ezivaliweyo ezingaphezu kwama-70. Kukho amacandelo amakhulu amabini: ezolimo elinye, kunye neendawo zokulima ezidumileyo kunye nezinye indawo yedolophu. Amacandelo amabini ahlukaniswe ngodonga, i-staircase kunye ne-moat. Ngaphakathi kweli candelo kukho isakhiwo esaziwa ngokuba yiRoyal Residence kuba sesona sakhiwo sikhulu kwaye sibonakala sibalulekile: i-terrace yabucala, igumbi lenkonzo elinokufikelela kumjelo wokuhambisa amanzi ...
Namhlanje abakhenkethi banemephu ene I-196 amanqaku omdla wabakhenkethi kubandakanya izikwere, imithombo yamanzi, iitempile, iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezinye izikhumbuzo.. Kwizakhiwo zomntu zongezwa ezo zendalo kunye neentaba ezijikelezileyo, isibhakabhaka kunye nezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihluke kakhulu. Kukho iimpungutye, i-pumas, i-vizcachas, ixhama kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, idumileyo Andean condor.
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokwazi uMachu Pichu kukuzama ukwenza Umzila weInca eqala kwi-km 82 kaloliwe odibanisa iCusco kunye neMachu Pichu. Ngaba iintsuku ezine nobusuku obunye yokuhamba ngokulandela indlela yendlela yamatye ye-Inca endala. Yenziwa ngokwamaqela abantu abalishumi ubuncinane abanezikhokelo ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba awufuni ukuhamba kakhulu, ungakhetha uhlobo olufutshane lweentsuku ezimbini kunye nobusuku obunye obuqala kamva, ku-km 10.
Ngaba iMachu Pichu iyatshona?
Ukwazi ngakumbi malunga neMachu Pichu, umbuzo ngoku uthi, ngaba iMachu Pichu iyatshona? Oko Oku koko indoda yaseJapan egama linguKyoji Sassa evela kwiYunivesithi yaseKyoto iphakamisa.. USassa usebenza kwiDisaster Prevention and Research Institute yale yunivesithi ixeliweyo kwaye into ayicebisayo kukuba Umhlaba owakhelwe kuwo i-citadel uyatyibilika, ngoko ke i-landslide enkulu inokwenzeka ephela ngokuwa kwesixeko sase-Inca.
Iqela laseJapan lenze umsebenzi wentsimi kwaye likholelwa ukuba i-slope yangasemva iyatshintsha ngesantya seesentimitha enye ngenyanga Ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha oko kuya kuvelisa ukungazinzi okuninzi kwizakhiwo. Nangona kubonakala kuncinci, inyaniso kukuba isentimitha enye ngenyanga yinani elixhalabisayo, kodwa amaJapan Akakabi nabuganga bakuthi uyajola kwaye uqhubeke uphanda.
Ingcali yokwakheka komhlaba yaseJapan Wapapasha ingcamango yakhe kwiphephancwadi elidumileyo iNew Scientist. Apho uchaza kabanzi ngokuzinza komhlaba aze wongezelela ngelithi sele kukho umonakalo okhoyo kwizakhiwo ezithile. Kodwa ngaba ikho into enokwenziwa? Iingcali zicinga ngeendlela ezinokuwugcina lo mmangaliso. Kwaye unokuzibuza, ingaba urhulumente wasePeruvia ucinga ntoni malunga nezigqibo zaseJapan?
Kulungile Abasemagunyeni basePeru abavumelani nale ngcamango, nangona kunjalo Bayavuma ukuba i-citadel inamava amaninzi kunye nokukrazula. ngenxa yotyelelo oluqhubekayo lwabakhenkethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo yamaphulo entengiso kunye nabanye. Lo nyaka uye ngokukodwa ngaloo ngqiqo ngenxa yokuba kukho uqhankqalazo lukaFredim (Ngaphambi koKhuseleko lweZithakazelo zikaMachu Pichu), ngenxa yoqhanqalazo olumalunga neendwendwe kwi-citadel.
I-UNESCO icebisa inani elithile labatyeleli ngosuku kwaye kubonakala ngathi abasebenzi kwicandelo lezokhenketho abalihloniphi, echaphazela iimeko ze-citadel. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahlali bafuna ukuba i-50% yamatikiti athengiswe kwidolophu yaseAguas Calientes, isango lokuya eMachu Pichu, ukuya. ukuthintela ii-arhente ekuqokeleleni imali nokuba abanye abakhenkethi ekugqibeleni abanakubona amabhodlo. Abahlali baqinisekisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kwamatikiti angama-200 okanye angama-300 e-Aguas Calientes akwanelanga kuba yonke imihla abakhenkethi abangaphezu kwewaka baphela bevaleleke kumasango amabhodlo.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuzama ukufumana ibhalansi phakathi kweengeniso eziveliswa lukhenketho kunye nokugcinwa kwamabhodlo, Amanye amanyathelo aphunyeziwe dibanisa: akukho zithende okanye izicathulo ezinzima, Ufakelo lwe ukukhupha iigrill kwiindawo ezithile zobuchule ukuze umhlaba ungakhukuliseki kwaye ulawule ukuhamba kwamanzi ngexesha lemvula, umzekelo.
Inyaniso kukuba i-2023 ibe ngunyaka oxakeke kakhulu kuMachu Pichu, phakathi koqhankqalazo, uqhanqalazo kunye nokuvalwa kwamanxuwa. Kunzima ukuphila ngokhenketho kwaye ungazivumeli ukuba utshatyalaliswe lulo.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo malunga noMachu Pichu
- Ufumana njani: Ungafika eLima kwaye ukusuka apho uthathe inqwelomoya ukuya eCusco ethatha iyure enekota. Ukusuka eCusco ukuya eOllantaytambo unokuhamba ngebhasi okanye imoto ngeyure enesiqingatha. Kwaye ukusuka apho uthatha uloliwe oya eMachu Pichu kwaye ufike ngeeyure ezimbini.
- Shedyuli: Amabhodlo avulwa ukusuka ngo-6 ukuya ku-5:30 pm.