Ndihlala ndithanda iicawa zegothic Ngaphezulu kwezo zezinye izitayile zoyilo, kwaye ukuba kwenzeka into efanayo kuwe, kukho icawe ongaphoswa yiyo ICathedral yaseSanta María de Burgos, eSpain.
Yicawa enkulu nebukekayo ebambe imimangaliso yenkcubeko, yobugcisa neyenkolo. Iphindaphindwe kangangekhulu leminyaka ubudala, inembali eninzi, esimiyo nangoku ngaphandle kwexesha kwaye ekumemela kuhambo olude olungena kwiicawa zalo, iingcango zalo, iicellisters, izibingelelo kunye nezinye iikona ezinomtsalane.
Icawa yaseBurgos
Ngelixa itempile yangoku Kwisitayile seGothic kunye nemihla yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX Ayisiyo yokuqala ukukhuliswa apha. Phakathi kuka-1080 no-1095 kwakukho ikhedralali yamaRoma eyayiyindawo yeziganeko ezibalulekileyo zexesha elinje ngomtshato phakathi kukaFernando III noBeatriz de Suavia, ngokwexabiso elalinalo iBurgos ngelo xesha njengekomkhulu leCastilian-Leonese UBukumkani.
Yayililo kanye eli xabiso nokubaluleka kwalo ekwandiseni iYurophu iphela, eyakwenza kwacaca ukuba iBurgos ifuna itempile ebaluleke ngakumbi. Yintsholongwane yecawa yangoku, kabani Kwabekwa ilitye lesiseko ngoJulayi 1221. IiMasters kunye nabayili bezinto ezivela eFrance kuba umbono wokuqala yayikukwenza into efanayo neCathedral entle yaseTrace Damme okanye yeReims.
Ke, kwiminyaka esithoba yokuqala imisebenzi iqhubele phambili kakhulu kwaye ngo-1230 ihlelo lalisele linikwe amandla koku, i I-cathedral yokuqala ye-gothic peninsula. Xa ezi zithuba, i-chevet, i-naves ye-ambulensi kunye neetempile zazo kunye ne-choir-apse, yagqitywa, i-cathedral yaseRoma yadilizwa. Imisebenzi emva koko yayihamba kwaye ke ngo-1260 itempile yangcwaliswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukugqiba ukwakha i-cathedral kwiminyaka engama-40 kuphela kwakuyimpumelelo enkulu. Iicawe zedolophu, ngelo xesha, zazinokwakhiwa kangangeenkulungwane ukuze enye eseBurgos inelo xabiso. Okwangoku, mininzi imisebenzi emitsha emva koko i-physiognomy yetempile yangoku ayisiyiyo leyo yangoku. Olona tshintsho lubaluleke kakhulu lwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye zazintathu: idome yatshintshwa kwaye ii-spiers kunye neChapel yeConstable zakhiwa.
Inkulungwane kamva, kunye neChapel ye-Relics kunye ne-sacristy entsha, izandiso zagqitywa. Kwakuyinkulungwane apho i-cathedral yayizaliswe yimisebenzi yobugcisa, nangona kungekho nkqubo enkulu yokubuyiselwa eyenziwayo. Ngenxa yale misebenzi i-cathedral yaseBurgos kwafuneka ilinde kude kube ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX.
Kodwa kwimigca ngokubanzi injani icawa?? Kulungile inayo Ubume bokunqamleza kwesiLatin obuyi-84 nge-59 yeemitha kunye nee-naves ezintathuImitha elishumi elinanye esembindini kwiimitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama kwaye ezinye zingasecaleni. Imisebenzi yobugcisa ikuyo yonke indawo: iwotshi ene-automaton, i-flycatcher, eyona nto iphambili kolu Hlaziyo, amangcwaba amahle asebukhosini, ikwayara enezitokhwe ezixabisekileyo ze-walnut, amalungu amabini, ibarque enye kunye neoclassical enye, ii-cloisters, kwaye ke, inyuko elidumileyo legolide imikrolo emininzi kwaye kwindlu nganye nganye kukho into eyothusayo.
Yahlula umhlathi ndifuna ukubiza ukuba apha uza kubona ingcwaba leCid kunye noDoña Jimena. Bathunyelwa ngo-1921 ukusuka kwi-Monastery yaseSan Pedro de Cardeña kwaye namhlanje ingcwaba elilula eligutyungelwe sisiqwenga semabhile kwaye lijikelezwe yimivalo yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ukutyelela i-cathedral yaseBurgos
I-cathedral ineeyure ezahlukeneyo kunye neeyure ezithile:
- Ukususela ngoMatshi 19 ukuya ku-Okthobha i-31 ivula nge-9: 30 kusasa ukuya kwi-7: 30 ngokuhlwa, ivala ukufikelela ngo-6: 30 emva kwemini.
- Ukususela ngo-Novemba 1 ukuya ku-Matshi 18 ivula ukusuka kwi-10 kusasa ukuya kwi-7 ngokuhlwa kwaye ukungena kuvalwa ngo-6 emva kwemini.
- Iiyure ezikhethekileyo ziintsuku ezithile: ngo-Epreli 7, nge-8 kaDisemba, ngo-24 nange-31, nange-1 kaJanuwari. Ukufumana ezi yure, kufuneka undwendwele iwebhusayithi yecawa enkulu.
- I-cathedral inokwamkelwa simahla ngolwesiBini emva kwemini ukusuka nge-4: 30 kuye kwe-6: 30 ngokuhlwa ebusika ukusuka ngo-4: 30 kuye ku-6 ntambama.
- Indleko zokungena komntu ngamnye kwi-euro ezingama-7, ngaphezulu kwe-65s ye-euro ezingama-6, abafundi abangaphantsi kwama-28 bahlawula i-4 ye-euro, abantwana abasuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-7 bahlawula ii-euro ezimbini kunye namaqela ngaphezulu kwabantu abali-14 itikiti lixabisa i-euro ezi-2. Iipilgrim ezineziqinisekiso zihlawula ii-euro ezingama-15, abakhubazekileyo ii-euro ezingama-6 kunye nabangasebenziyo ezingama-4. Amaxabiso etikiti ngalinye abandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezikhokelo zeaudiyo.
Yintoni onokuyindwendwela e-Burgos Cathedral
Kukho ezinye iikona zetempile ezintle ngokwenene kwaye ongaphoswa zizo. Ngaphandle ungafota kwaye ubabaze ifayile ye- izigqubuthelo ezahlukeneyo ukuqala ngeyona iphambili ephambi kwePlaza de Santa María kwaye ikwisimbo seGothic enamacandelo amathathu, eqhubeka ukubuyisela kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yealabhasta eyiNgcwele uPaul kunye noSanta Peter kunye neenkonzo ezininzi.
La Icawa yaseSanta Tecla, Intombi enyulu nomfel 'ukholo osusela kwinkulungwane yokuqala, ubalasele, enemibala emininzi kwizambatho zayo, ezimele iingelosi neengcwele. Inkqubo ye- eyona nto iphambili Yi-baroque, igolide, kunye nokukrola kuka-Santa Tecla okutsha esibondeni. Enye i-chapel enomdla yi Icawa yeConception okanye iSanta Ana, umsebenzi osusela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-XNUMX, wobugcisa beentyatyambo beGothic obuneekona kunye namakomkhulu kuyo yonke indawo.
La I-Chapel yamaConstable Iyabhengezwa njengecawa enkulu ngaphakathi kwenye icawa enkulu kuba yeyona ibalulekileyo kwaye intle kunayo yonke le tempile inayo. Yakhiwe ngemali kaDon Pedro Fernández de Velasco kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, amaConstable aseCastile, namhlanje eboniswe kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yemabhile yaseCarrara. Yakhiwa kwiChapel yaseSan Pedro kunye nesiza kwaye yagqitywa ngonyaka we-1496. Inendawo entle enophahla olubengezeke ngokumila kwenkwenkwezi, yonke ifilthi yesiGothic, umsebenzi kaSimón de Colonia.
Esinye isiqwenga sobugcisa esibambisa amehlo yinto ebizwa njalo Izinyuko zegolide, ebekwe ekupheleni kwethanga le-transept, edibanisa icawa enkulu neCalle de Fernán González ngokuwela isango laseCoronería kunye nokugcina ithontsi leemitha ezisibhozo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwayo. Izitepsi ngumsebenzi ka-Diego de Siloe kwaye wagqitywa ngo-1523. Inamanyathelo ali-19 kwaye ihonjiswe kakhulu nge-zoomorphic kunye ne-motifs zezityalo, iintloko zeengelosi, iintyatyambo kunye neencukuthu. Mhle kakhulu kwaye wayedume kakhulu kangangokuba Yayimodeli emva kwezinyuko zeParis Opera.
La Izitali zeekwayala Ubungcali, umsebenzi wabachweli abaziingcibi: izihlalo ezingama-44 ezinemiqolo engemva kwinqwelomoya kunye nama-59 kwinqanaba eliphezulu, zonke zihonjiswe ngamanqwanqwa obomi bukaKristu. Iinkuni zii-walnut kwaye i-grating isuka kwi-1602. Okokugqibela, ungaphoswa kukubona i Inkunkuma ngemisebenzi yayo emihlanu yobugcisa, i-Main sacristy, i-transept kunye ne-dome, i eyona nto iphambili Ewe kunjalo IMyuziyam yaseCathhedral.
Inyani yile yokuba mininzi imisebenzi yobugcisa ngaphakathi kweCathedral yaseBurgos, eyona nto unokuyenza kukufumana isikhokelo sokumamela, esifakiwe kwixabiso letikiti.