EMzantsi Melika zininzi iindawo zokutyelela ezinomdla kwaye phakathi kwazo kukho Bholiviya. I-Plurinational State yaseBolivia incinci kwaye ityebile, kwimbali, kwinkcubeko, kubukhulu babantu bayo, kwinkalipho yomongameli wayo wangoku kwaye kutheni kungenjalo, nakwiimfihlakalo zezinto zakudala.
Malunga neekhilomitha ezili-15 ukusuka kwiLake Titicaca edumileyo ngamabhodlo e Tiahuanaco okanye iTiwanaku, indawo yezinto zakudala kwisebe laseLa Paz. Yintoni eseleyo kuye ulwakhiwo lwemegalithic etsala umdla wezinto zakudala, iindwendwe, ukwazi kunye izazi zakudala zezakwalizwi ngenxa yobungakanani obukhulu bamatye athile enza izakhiwo. Umntu akanakuthelekelela ukuba zibekwe njani endaweni yazo okanye zithetha ntoni imifanekiso yazo, uninzi lwazo zilandelwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ngokungathi ziyadibana.
I-Tiahuanaco
Ngokwe-Tiahuanaco archaeologists yayiliziko lenkcubeko eligama linye, a inkcubeko yemvelaphi yangaphambi kwe-Inca, imfuyo kunye nezolimo. Le nkcubeko ayithathanga nje ukuhlala kumhlaba weBolivia yanamhlanje kodwa yafikelela nangaphaya, ngaphandle kwePeru, iChile neArgentina. Ngexesha lakhe, isixeko sasinezibuko kwiLake Titicaca uqobo, ngoku eyi-15 yeekhilomitha kude. Abanye bathi inkcubeko yaseTihuanaco yaphuhliswa phakathi kwe-1500 kunye ne-1000 BC, abanye bathi phakathi kwe-900 kunye ne-800 BC Inyani yile ngenye imini elungileyo wanyamalala.
Okucingelwayo kwakhona kukuba inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwale nkcubeko yangaphambi kweInca inokuyibeka njenge Umama wempucuko yaseMelika okanye njengempucuko enamandla kunye nehambele phambili eyayikho kule nxalenye yehlabathi kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo, xa iYurophu isarhubuluza. Kwaye kutheni kusithiwa inkcubeko tiahuanaco phambili? Ngaba ezo zakhiwo zibekwe ngokweenkwenkwezi, ezityhilayo ulwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, Kwaye iiseramikhi kunye namalaphu zithetha ngesandla.
Kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuba nangona sibiza la manxiwa ngokuba yiTiwanaku okanye iTiahuanaco elona gama alaziwa. AbaseSpain bababiza ngokuba yiTiahuanaco emva kokubuza abemi nokuva ukuba bazithiya njani. Eyona mfihlakalo isekhona. Inyaniso kukuba xa uhamba kula manxuwa, uyema phantsi kwala masango amancinci okanye ubale isandla sakho phakathi kwamatye, uqonda ukuba akukho phepha libhityileyo elinokungena phakathi kweebhloko ezimbini, unokuzibuza ukuba yeyiphi iteknoloji entle enokuyenza loo nto.
Abembi bezinto zakudala bathi izakhiwo bezinobunkunkqele, kwaye yonke into ibalwe ngokuchanekileyo, ukuba aba bantu bayakwazi ukusebenza kwanezinyithi ukuhombisa ilitye kwaye likhanyise ilanga. Kwaye ukuba ayonelanga, yonke into ihlelwe ngokwemephu yeenkwenkwezi.
Yintoni onokuyindwendwela eTiahuanaco
Kulungile umnyango welanga ufumana konke ukuqhwatywa kwezandla, kunjalo. Yi-portico, i-portal, esebenza kwibhloko enye yamatye ekufuneka inobunzima beetoni ezilishumi. I-portal yayiyinxalenye yesakhiwo esingasekhoyo kwaye ekucingelwa ukuba inokuba kwindawo ekuthiwa yi-Akapana Pyramid okanye kwi-kalasasaya, apho kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezinolu hlobo lwamatye, kunye ne-andesite. Umnyango unefreyile leyo imele uthixo welanga intonga yentaka esandleni ngasinye. Kukho amanani ozoomorphic aphuma entloko kwaye amanye aphela kwiidiski zelanga. Kubonakala ngathi bubuso be-puma kwaye kukho ngeenxa zonke amanani angama-32 ama-Sun Men kunye ne-16 Men's Eagle.
La Iphiramidi ka-Akapana yongeza imfihlelo kwindawo. Ineemitha ezingama-800 zeperimeter kwaye ziimitha ezili-18 ukuphakama. Yi inyathelo lepiramidi yamathambeka asixhenxe kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke kukho iitempile. IKalasasaya Le bendithetha ngayo ngasentla, xa bendithetha ngePuerta del Sol, yitempile yamatye amileyo. Uyilo lwayo yinkwenkwezi kwaye kuyabonakala ukuba yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa utshintsho lwexesha kunye nonyaka welanga. Ilanga liphuma kwindawo ethile yonke i-equinox kwaye yonke i-solstice yenza njalo.
El Ponce mncedi Kwafunyanwa ngo-1957 ngumvubukuli waseBolivia, uCarlos Ponce. Imeko yayo yolondolozo intle kwaye ubugcisa obuye basebenza ngokufanayo. Ngumntu obambe isitya esingcwele o Kero. Kukho i- Itempile phantsi komhlaba, ngaphezulu kweemitha ezimbini ukusuka kumgangatho womhlaba, isikwere, kunye neendonga kunye neentsika ezingaphezulu kwama-50 kunye namatye esanti athe wona ahlotshiswe ngeentloko zelitye lekalika, zonke zahlukile enye kwenye, ngokungathi ngamaqela ohlanga ahlukeneyo. Isakhiwo sinenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuhambisa amanzi esasebenza nanamhlanje.
El Pachamama Monolith Yi-monolith engaphezulu kweemitha ezisixhenxe ukuphakama kunye neetoni ezingama-20 zobunzima ezathathwa zaya eLa Paz kwaye namhlanje zibuyele kumyuziyam wale ndawo. Le monolith yayifakwe kumgangatho wale tempile iphantsi komhlaba. Kantatallite Olunye ulwakhiwo olunomdla olubonisa ukuba inkcubeko yaseTihuanaco ikwayayazi nendlela yokukrola ngee curve kwaye isebenzise igolide njengomhombiso, nangona kunjalo, igolide yabhabha kwakudala.
Okokugqibela, kuya kufuneka ujonge kufutshane Iphiramidi yePumapunko, Putuni okanye Ibhotwe leSarcophagi ngamagumbi alo okungcwaba aneengcango ezityibilikayo UMonolith Fraile kunye Isango leNyanga, ilitye lesikhumbuzo i-2.23 yeemitha ukuphakama kunye ne-23 yeesentimitha ubukhulu, i-arch enezinto eziphantsi neziphezulu ezifana nezo zodade wabo, iPuerta del Sol.
Uhamba njani ukuya eTihuanaco
Ukuba useLa Paz unga hamba ngebhasi. Iibhasi zisuka kwindawo yamangcwaba kamasipala, kwisitalato iJosé María Asín, rhoqo kwisiqingatha seyure. Uhambo yiyure enesiqingatha. Ezinye iibhasi ziyalishiya iziko, ukusuka kwisitalato iSagárnaga, kwingingqi yeCawa yaseSan Francisco. Kwaye ukuba ayisiSiphelo seBhasi. Ewe unakho bhukisha ukhenketho kwiarhente yokuhamba.
Iingcebiso ngokundwendwela iTiahuanaco
Amanxuwa avulekileyo ukusuka nge-9 kusasa ukuya kwi-5 ngokuhlwa. Unokwenza utyelelo ngosuku olunye okanye uhlale ubusuku kwihotele ekufuphi. Kukho idolophu ekufutshane namanxuwa kwaye ukuba ulele apho ungabatyelela kwakhona kwakusasa.
Ukutyelela amanxuwa ekufaneleyo yiza ne-sunscreen, umnqwazi, iiglasi, idyasi ukukhanya kuba xa kusibekele kusenokubanda okanye kungankcenkceshela kuze kunkcenkceshele. Kufuneka uye nini? Ubusika buqala ngoJuni kwaye oko kuqinisekisa imozulu elungileyo kunye nesibhakabhaka esicacileyo. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini ananye kuJuni, imibhiyozo yoNyaka oMtsha wase-Aymara yenzeka kwaye umlilo omninzi ukhanyisiwe. Kuyinto entle kodwa umsi uhlala ujikeleze iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Kukho Izikhokelo zabakhenkethi onokuziqesha kwindawo, ukwazi into oyibonayo, kananjalo kukho imyuziyam ebonisa iziqwenga ezahlukileyo, amalaphu kunye neseramikhi, ezifunyenwe kwimincili yezinto zakudala. Inendawo yokuhlambela kunye nebha.
Ukuba uya ePeru, ungaya eTiahuanaco ukusuka ePuno, kunxweme lweLake Titicaca. Luhambo losuku kwaye ujikeleza ichibi. Iinkqubo kumda weDesaguadero zilula.