I-Red Square yaseRashiya, kufuneka ibone

Nabani na ongaphezulu kwama-40 uyakulikhumbula ixesha loMlo obandayo kunye nendlela ububi obabumenyezelwe ngayo yiSoviet Union. Intliziyo yolu luvo lujamelene nongxowankulu lwaluseMoscow kwaye ukuba sinokucinga ngendawo yekhonkrithi esinokucinga ngayo Isikwere esiBomvu.

Namhlanje iRed Square yenye yeyokuqala, ukuba ayisiyiyo indawo yokuqala etyelelwa ngabakhenkethi. Kodwa yintoni leyo? Yintoni ekufuneka uyibonile? Ithini imbali yayo? Ukuba uya eRussia kwiNdebe yeHlabathi ye-2018 ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuhamba ngayo ke apha unokuninzi ulwazi.

Isikwere esiBomvu

Njengazo zonke izixeko zamaxesha aphakathi, iMoscow ibenebala eliphambili apho imarike ibibanjelwe khona kwaye yiyo kanye imvelaphi yeRed Square. Njengombindi wesixeko, ikwangumboniso weminyhadala, imatshi yomkhosi, ukubhengezwa kookumkani kunye novukelo. Ewe kunjalo, uyilo lwayo nayo itshintshe kakhulu ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.

Isikwere sahlula i-Kremlin, eyayisakuba yindawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini kwaye namhlanje yindawo yokuhlala kamongameli, kwisithili sezorhwebo sedolophu, iKitai-gorod. Oko ibisoloko ibalulekile kodwa okoko kwaphuhliswa imithombo yeendaba zonxibelelwano zale mihla, ngakumbi umabonwakude, ikwazile ukuba yiyo owona mfanekiso weklasi wobukomanisi. YayingooSoviet abenza uphawu lwenkqubo yabo, bebambe imikhosi yomkhosi nayo nayiphi na imibhiyozo yesizwe apho unyaka nonyaka.

Ngapha koko, nantsi iparagi enkulu emva kokuphumelela kwiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic ngo-1945, iMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Inyani yile yokuba iiSoviet zadiliza ezinye izakhiwo ezindala ukuze iitanki zabo kunye nerokethi zikwazi ukuhamba, nangona ngethamsanqa zaphinda zakhiwa. Ukuqaqamba kwayo kubuyile ngokuqinisekileyo xa ngo-1990 i-UNESCO yonyula iRed Square njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli leHlabathi.

Yintoni ongayibona kwiRed Square

Apha kukho izakhiwo zelizwe kunye nezakhiwo zonqulo ukundwendwela. Bajolise kwimbali enkulu yaseRussia ke andicingi ukuba ungashiya nayiphi na eyipayipi. Phakathi kwezakhiwo zonqulo yiKazan Cathedral o ICawa yeNkosikazi yethu yaseKazan, Itempile yobuOthodoki, ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwenguqulelo yokuqala eyatshatyalaliswa ngo-1936.

Le nkonzo yokuqala isukela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe xa yayakhelwe ukubulela iNtombikazi ngokufumana kwakhona isixeko kwimikhosi yasePoland-Lithuanian. Eyokuqala yayenziwe ngomthi kodwa njengoko yatshatyalaliswa ngumlilo okulandelayo kwakhiwa ngezitena. Unyaka nonyaka, ukhumbula kanye loo mzuzu, kwenziwa umngcelele ukusuka eKremlin ukuya ecaweni.

Phakathi kowe-1936 nowe-1990 icawe yayingekho, yayidiliziwe, ke yayiyeyokuqala ukwakhiwa ngokutsha emva kokuwa kwamakomanisi. Ngo-1993 yaphinda yavula.

El Kremlin Sisakhiwo esinqatyisiweyo, indawo eyayisakuba yinqaba yobukhosi, ejonge uMlambo iMoskva, iRed Square kunye neSt. Basil's Cathedral. Ibandakanya amabhotwe amahlanu, iinqaba, udonga kunye neecathedral ezine. Emva kokuwa kwe-tsars, urhulumente waseSoviet wasuka ePetrograd waya eMoscow ngo-1918. ULenin wayehlala apha ngexesha lakhe, kamva uStalin, Khruschev nabanye abalawuli.

Ukuba wenza ukhenketho baya kukuxelela ukuba iinqaba kunye nodonga lweKremlin zakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-80 ziinkosi zase-Italiya. Namhlanje eyona nqaba inde ziimitha ezingama-XNUMX.

Iziko leKremlin yiCathedral Square, eneeCathedral ezintathu zakudala kunye neNdlu entle yegolide. Kukho iicawa ezimbini ezincinci kunye ne-bell tower, i I-Bell tower ka-Ivan i Grande ngeemitha ezingama-81 ukuphakama nakwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe. Kukwakho nezinye izigodlo, iArmory kunye neArsenal ezithandana ukususela ngexesha likaPeter the Great.

Ixesha lobukomanisi liyilahlile iMausoleum kaLenin, idayinaso yobukomanisi ongenakuyityeshela. Nantsi indawo yokuphumla Umzimba oqholiweyo wenkokheli yaseSoviet ukusukela ngo-1924. Ngaphandle kwemeko ezimbalwa, umzekelo, imfazwe ibisoloko iboniswa. I-mausoleum yenziwe ngegranite kwaye yayilwa ngu-Aleksey Shchusev. Izigidi zabantu zityelele le ndawo ngekhulu lama-XNUMX kwaye utyelelo luyaqhubeka.

Okwethutyana uStalin ebesecaleni komnye, amangcwaba amabini, kodwa namhlanje elinye likaStalin lihleli kwiNecropolis yoDonga lwaseKremlin. Inqaku lelo Ungandwendwela i-Lenin Mausoleum NgoLwesibini, uLwesithathu, uLwesine, uMgqibelo nangeCawa ukusuka ngo-10 ukuya ku-1 emva kwemini. Bahlala bekhona abantu abalindileyo ke kuya kufuneka uzimisele ukulinda emgceni. Kungenwa simahla kwaye amapolisa akhusela ukuba ungathathi iividiyo okanye ufote, okanye uthethe okanye uthwale umnqwazi. Injongo kukubonisa imbeko.

KwiRed Square kukho kwakhona Ivenkile yesebe ebizwa ngokuba yiGUM. Unamasebe aliqela kwilizwe lonke, imvelaphi yawo ibuyela emva ngexesha le-tsars, kodwa indlu yaseMoscow yeyona ithandwayo. Ngokucacileyo ukuvulwa kwelizwe kwiminyaka yee-90s kutshintshe ngokupheleleyo isitolo sevenkile kwaye namhlanje liziko lokuthenga eliqhelekileyo. Kufuphi nenye ezivenkileni encinci, i-TSUM. Ngaba i-GUM kufanelekile ukutyelelwa? Ewe.

I-facade yangaphandle iphantse ibe ziimitha ezingama-800 ubude kwaye iyi- isakhiwo esidala esihle. Inesimo se-trapezoidal kunye nokuninzi intsimbi kunye neglasi, ingakumbi eluphahleni. Inesitayile esicacileyo sesikhululo sikaloliwe senkulungwane ye-14. Uphahla olubengezelelweyo lunobubanzi obuziimitha ezili-1200, umzekelo, nakwisango kukho igranite yaseFinland, imarble kunye nelitye lekalika, iiarches kunye neendlela zokuhamba. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwayalelwa nguCatherine Catherine ukuba abe ngumzobi wase-Itali kwaye kumaxesha eSoviet yayihlala iivenkile ezili-XNUMX, ngokucacileyo zenziwa zelizwe

UStalin wasiguqula esi sakhiwo saba ziiofisi, ngokufutshane, nalapho umzimba ka-Staliya waboniswa emva kokuzibulala ngendlela engaqondakaliyo. Namhlanje i-GUM yabucala. Inguqulelo yayo encinci, enobuhle obufanayo kunye nembali, yiTSUM, kufutshane neBolshoi Theatre.

Kwelinye icala kukho ifayile ye IMyuziyam kaRhulumente yeMbaliIbekwe phakathi kweRed Square kunye neManege Square. Kukho zonke iintlobo zezinto kule myuziyam eyasekwa ngo-1872. Iqukethe amagumbi alishumi elinanye kwaye itikiti lixabisa iiruble ezingama-400 kumntu ngamnye. Kukho izikhokelo zeaudiyo, ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso awahlukeneyo.

Okokugqibela, mhlawumbi uyakuma phambi komfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ibalulekile kwimbali yelizwe kwaye kule meko uza kuyibona umfanekiso oqingqiweyo phambi kweCathedral yaseSaint Basil. Imele iNkosana uDmitry Pozharsky kunye noKuzma Minin, amalungu amavolontiya omkhosi waseRussia owagxotha amaPolish -imikhosi yaseLithuania eMoscow ngo-1612. Yabekwa apho njengesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-200 yesiganeko esiyimbali kwaye senziwe ngobhedu.

Ukwazi konke oku ukulungele ukuma embindini weRed Square usazi ngakumbi okubonwa ngamehlo akho.