Florencia sesinye sezixeko ezithandekayo e-Itali. Abantu abaninzi bahamba iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu kuhambo olude kwilizwe liphela, kodwa ndicebisa ukuba ndihlale ixesha elide. Unokuninzi ukubona! Okanye ngokulula, unokuqesha ibhayisekile kwaye uhambe ukhenketho ngezitrato zayo.
Esinye sezakhiwo eziyimifuziselo yesixeko yi Icawa yaseFlorence. Yinto entle, kodwa ayisiyonto ebengezelayo. Eyona nto inomdla inayo kwaye endikucebisayo ukuba ungayeki ukuyenza kukunyuka ngaphakathi kwayo ejijekileyo ukuya kwi-dome kwaye ukusuka apho, emva koko wonwabele umbono omangalisayo wesixeko kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Icawa yaseFlorence
Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1296 kwaza kwaphela ngo-1436. Ngelo xesha ukwakhiwa kwezi zakhiwo zikhulu kangaka kwathatha ixesha. Ngaba ufunde Iintsika zomhlaba? nguKen Follet. Incwadi iveza kakuhle inkqubo ende kunye nenzima yokwakha isakhiwo ngezi mpawu.
I-Cathedral esiyibonayo namhlanje, ukusuka ISanta Maria del Fiore, bathathe indawo yecawa yangaphambili eyayingasaboneleli ngokwaneleyo ukwanda kwabemi besixeko. Isakhiwo esitsha senziwe ngu UArnolfo di Cambio, Umzobi waseTuscan kunye nomkroli oye wenza iPalazzo Vecchio kunye neCawa laseSanta Croce. Kodwa uArnolfo wasweleka ngo-1310, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokusebenza, yatsho iposti IGiotto nasekufeni kwakhe, ngo-1337, waba ngumncedisi wakhe U-Andrea Pisano obambe umfanekiso, Oya phambili.
Yayingengobona bantu babodwa abayila imisebenzi njengoko uPisano wasweleka ngenxa yokufa okuMnyama kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, nanjengoko ulwakhiwo lwalusasazeka ngokuhamba kwexesha abanye abayili balandela uyilo kwaye benza negalelo labo. Ekugqibeleni, UPopu Eugene IV wayingcwalisa ngoMatshi 1436. Injani icawe?
Yeyona Basilica ngendawo esembindini eneebheyi ezine kunye noyilo ngokubanzi lwe latin umnqamlezo. Yitempile enkulu, ye Iimitha zesikwere eziyi-8.300, iimitha ezili-153 ubude nama-38 eemitha ububanzi. Iingqameko ezikwiipaseji ziziimitha ezingama-23 ukuphakama kwaye ukuphakama kwedome ziimitha ezili-114.5. Kwaye isibhakabhaka sisimanga saso ukusukela nakwinkulungwane emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kwecawa enkulu iqale, kwabonakala ngokungabikho kwayo. Kwakukho imodeli kuphela, eyayixabisekileyo kubukhulu bayo kunye noyilo olunamacala amathandathu.
Idome kufuneka ibe ntle kwaye wayikhathalela loo nto ekugqibeleni Brunelleschi. Wayenobunewunewu bokuya kwelinye inyathelo kwaye wafuna ukubeka itotshi encotsheni yedome. Yiyo loo nto, isilingi esimile kakuhle sithweswe ngebhola yobhedu kunye nomnqamlezo oqukethe izinto ezingcwele.
Ngalo mhlobiso idome yafikelela kubude bokugqibela beemitha ezili-114.5. Umbane wabetha ibhola yobhedu yahlala ngo-1600 kodwa yatshintshwa enye enkulu ngokukhawuleza emva koko. kukholelwa ukuba nale bhola intsha yobhedu yenziwe ngumfana ULeonardo da Vinci, Ngelo xesha wayesebenza kwiworkshop eyayijongana nayo. Ngapha koko, kuhle.
Kwelinye icala, i-façade yoqobo sisiphumo somsebenzi wamagcisa ohlukeneyo kwaye eminye yemisebenzi yoqobo yasuswa ngexesha lika Franceso I de Medici xa yayitshintshelwa kwisitayile sobuNtshatsheli. Kwakukho ukujija okuninzi kwaye oko kwajika kude kube yinkulungwane ye-XNUMX i-façade iphantse yavela.
Namhlanje i-façade ikwisimbo se-neo-Gothic, kwi emhlophe, eluhlaza nezemarmore ebomvu. Ihambelana nenqaba yentsimbi kunye nendawo yokubhaptiza kwaye ilula. Enkulu Iingcango zobhedu Babekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, ukusuka nge-XNUMX ukuya kweye-XNUMX, kwaye babonisa imiboniso yobomi beNtombi Enyulu.
Kukho imibala engaphezulu kwazo kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphantsi. Kwakhona ngaphezulu kweminyango kukho uthotho lwee-niches kunye nabapostile abalishumi elinambini kwaye phakathi, iNtombikazi kunye noMntwana onguYesu. Kwaye phakathi kwefestile ye-rose kunye ne-tympanum enye igalari eneebhasi zamagcisa e-Florentine.
Ukuba umphandle ulula kwaye awunachromatic kakhulu, iyafana nengaphakathi. Inkulu kwaye iphantse ayinanto ngoko akukho kuninzi ukuyibona, kodwa ukungena kukhululekile kuba kuhlala kukho abantu. Ziyakhanya, ewe, zazo Iifestile zeglasi ezinemibala engama-44Inkulu ngexesha labo, ibonisa imifanekiso kwiTestamente eNdala neNtsha. Inkqubo ye- yakhala Ewe inokundwendwelwa kwaye uza kubona amanxuwa amaRoma, amabhodlo yenye icawa enkulu endala kunye nengcwaba likaBrunelleschi.
Idome ihonjiswe ngemiboniso yeSigwebo sokugqibela nguGiorgio Vasari, nangona ubukhulu becala ipeyintwe ngomnye wabafundi bakhe, iZuccari. Kwaye njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ekuqaleni kweposti, khwela ngaphakathi ukuya phezulu kwayo yonke into kwaye uphume phandle Yinto ongafanele uyeke ukuyenza. Kufuneka ubenamandla okunyuka Amanyathelo angama-463 Ukujija kwiipaseji ezimxinwa apho udibana nabantu abaya kwelinye icala.
Into elungileyo kukuba unokuluvula utyelelo kuba i-dome ivula ngamanye amaxesha. Iyayenza ukusukela nge-8: 30 kusasa ukuya kwi-7 ngokuhlwa nangona ivaliwe ngeholide.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo lokundwendwela iCathedral yaseFlorence
- Iiyure: vula uMvulo, uLwesibini, uLwesithathu nangoLwesihlanu ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-5 ngokuhlwa. NgoLwesine kuvulwa ukusuka nge-10 kusasa ukuya kwi-3: 30 ngokuhlwa, kuxhomekeke kwinyanga; NgeMigqibelo ivulwa ngo-10 ukuya ku-4: 45 emva kwemini, kwaye ngeeCawa nangeeholide ivulwa ngo-1: 30 kuye ku-4: 45 emva kwemini. Kuvaliwe ngoJanuwari 1 no-6, iPasika kunye neKrisimesi.
- Amaxabiso: itikiti lixabisa i-euro ezingama-18 ngomntu omdala. Abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-11 ubudala bahlawula i-euro ezi-3 kwaye abancinci abahlawuli. Itikiti libandakanya utyelelo kwicawa enkulu, indawo yokubhaptiza, i-crypt, i-bell tower kunye ne-Museo della Opera.