Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiTorre del Oro?

Ngaba ukhe uzibuze kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiTorre del Oro isikhumbuzo esidumileyo se Sevilla? Kuyabonakala ukuba le minerali ayikho ekuhombiseni kwayo, ayinayo nezinto zegolide eziyilinganisayo. Kwaye okwangoku, sele ifumene eli gama ngamaxesha ayo amaSilamsi: Ngcwaba uAl-Dahab.

Ngenxa yokuba iTorre del Oro ihambe nembali yesixeko saseAndalusi iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu asibhozo anamashumi amahlanu. Ireferensi yokuqala ebhaliweyo esinayo ngaye ifumaneka kwi IsiKronike Jikelele sokuQala (1270-74) ye Alfonso X Osisilumko, apho sele livela nelo gama. Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, siza kuchaza yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga nalo mmangaliso wokwakha, kubandakanya kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiTorre del Oro.

Imbali emfutshane yeNqaba yeGolide

Eyona nqaba idumileyo kwisixeko Seville ecaleni igiralda Yakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka ye-1220 kunye ne-1221 yexesha lethu. Umsebenzi wayo wawukhusela, ngaphakathi kweendonga ezidala. Ngokukodwa, yavala indlela eya kunxweme lwesanti yaza yakhusela izibuko ledolophu. Ngokufanayo, yayidityaniswe ngamacandelo eludongeni ukuya Iinqaba zesilivere kunye ne-Abd el Aziz, kunye noku UAlcazar.

Nangona kunjalo, kamva iTorre del Oro yenze eyona misebenzi yahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kombhali wexesha eliphakathi Kodwa uLopez de Ayala, yayiyivenkile yegolide, njengoko siza kubona kamva, kodwa kwakhona intolongo yamanani ahloniphekileyo kwaye, namhlanje, imyuziyam, njengoko siza kuphawula kwakhona. Ngokunjalo, iye yaphinda yahlaziywa kaninzi.

Mhlawumbi eyona nto yayibalulekile yayingumsebenzi wokudibanisa emva kwe inyikima yaseLisbon of 1755. Ngokuchanekileyo, wasebenzisa eli thuba ukuze yongeza umzimba we-cylindrical wecandelo eliphezulu. Yayingumsebenzi waseBelgium Sebastian van der Borcht, esikwatyala kuye ukwakhiwa kwe I-Royal Tobacco Factory yaseSeville.

Sele kwinkulungwane yama-1942, iTorre del Oro yafumana ukubuyiswa kwakhona kabini. Eyokuqala ngo-1990 ukuyiqhelanisa nemyuziyam kunye neyesibini ngo-XNUMX UMboniso weHlabathi liphela ngowe-1992 eyayibanjelwe kuyo Sevilla. Ngokuchanekileyo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, yadityaniswa nolunye ulwakhiwo oluhle: kwiNqaba yaseBhetelehem eLisbhon.

Iinyaniso ezibalulekileyo malunga neTorre del Oro

Yiyo imboniselo ibekwe kwibhanki yasekhohlo ye Umlambo waseGuadalquivir. en Al Andalus, yafumana eli gama uhlobo lwenqaba eyayikhululwe kwiindonga, nangona idityaniswe nezi yibhulorho ethi, ukuba ithe yawela ezandleni zotshaba, inokutshatyalaliswa ngokulula. Ngokuba umsebenzi wayo wawukhusela kunye nokuhombisa, ukuhlukumeza abahlaseli ukusuka kwindawo eya phambili.

Zazixhaphake kakhulu kumaSilamsi aseSpeyin. Njengemizekelo yazo, siza kucaphula enye eneScaredogs en Badajoz, abo bangqongileyo Isixeko saseMerida, Ezo inqaba yasePiedrabuena okanye ezo UTalavera de la Reina.

Indawo yenqaba isembindini, ngo kwindawo yeArenal, baphi nabo iindawo zeenqanawa kunye nenkunzi yenkomo. Ngokunjalo, iphambi kwethandwayo Indawo yaseTriana, ekwelinye icala lomlambo. Kwaye sele kubhengezwe ngo-1931 Isikhumbuzo seMbali yobugcisa.

Njengoko sikuxelele, yakhiwa ngo-1221 kwaye, ekuqaleni, yayinomzimba omnye, nangona ngoku inamathathu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo nendala yipolygon enamacala alishumi elinambini enobubanzi obuziimitha eziyi-12,50. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, umzimba wesibini wakhiwa ngomyalelo we UPetros Ukhohlakele ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, ngeli lixa eyesithathu iyile sikhankanyiweyo ukusuka kweyeshumi elinesibhozo.

Okwangoku, iNqaba yeGolide Imalunga neemitha ezingama-36 ukuphakama kwaye inemigangatho emithathu.. Ezi zinxibelelana ngezinyuko ezinepolygonal. Kwelinye icala, kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, umsebenzi we IArmada, ekubeni ihlala, njengoko besele sikuxelele, imyuziyam yomkhosi wamanzi.

Imyuziyam yaseNaval yaseSeville

Yasungulwa ngoJulayi 24, 1944 yaye inemigangatho emibini, eyokuqala izikwemitha ezingama-85 ize eyesibini ili-127. ezona zinto zininzi zahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nehlabathi le-nautical. Umzekelo, iifosili ezisele zaselwandle, izixhobo zokukhangela, imizobo kunye nemizobo enomxholo waselwandle, amaxwebhu embali kunye nentloko.

Kodwa, phakathi kweziqwenga zayo ezibalaseleyo, siza kukhankanya inkanunu yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iithayile ze La Cartuja Factory kunye neemephu ze-nautical zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngokuphathelele ezi, ibalasele ukuveliswa kwemephu yokuqala yehlabathi yenzululwazi Umsebenzi we Diego Rivera kweleshumi elinesithandathu. Kodwa unokubona iiflegi zokuhamba, iimodeli zeenqanawa kunye neeankile kwimyuziyam.

Kufakelo, ukubaluleka kweSeville ye i-guadalquivir njengomlambo ohamba ngenqanawa. Kwaye, ngokunjalo, ixabiso elikhulu lesixeko saseSeville urhwebo kunye ne-indies. Ngamafutshane, yimyuziyam encinci esikucebisa ukuba uyityelele kuba inomdla kakhulu kwaye iyafundisa.

Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiNqaba yeGolide?

Sakuba sizichazile zonke ezi zinto zingasentla, lixesha lokugxila kwi Iithiyori ezahlukeneyo malunga negama lenqaba edumileyo yaseSeville. Kodwa sele silindele ukuba ingxoxo malunga nenyaniso indala kakhulu. Enyanisweni, iingxoxo zaqala kwangenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yaye abaphengululi abakavumelani.

Ithiyori yokuqala apho kukho ubungqina ibonakalisa igama kwinto yokuba kuyo igolide evela eMelika yagcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, le yimpazamo. Ubutyebi obuye bafika buvela kwiLizwe elitsha, obuyipropathi yeCrown, bugcinwe kuqala Indlu yokuQesha (iArchivo de Indias yangoku) kwaye emva koko leyo yengqekembe. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kukaNjingalwazi Theodore Falcon, zothulwa ecaleni kweTorre del Oro kwaye kulapho ukubhideka kunokuvela khona.

Enye ithisisi esasazeke kakhulu nendala kakhulu esiyityala kumbhali-ngxelo Louis wasePeraza. Ngokwale nto, umzimba wesibini wokwakha wawuneethayile zetsimbi ezazikhanya xa ilanga libetha. Umbhali-mbali ukwabhekisela kuzo Diego Ortiz de Zuniga, ekwabonisa ukuba zaziza kupheliswa ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye okanye omnye othetha ngale mibonakaliso efana negolide. Oku kwatolikwa ngabaphengululi Leopoldo Torres y Jose Gestoso ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye babephethe ukusasaza kwintelekelelo edumileyo ithiyori yegolide emenyezelayo. Ukongezelela, akukho xwebhu okanye ubungqina bezinto zakudala obuthetha ngezi tile kwinqaba edumileyo, ngoko ke ingcamango ayinasiseko.

Okunxulumene nale ithisisi yileyo ichaza igama ekwakhiweni komzimba wesithathu wenqaba. Oku kugqiba ngo idome encinci yegolide eyayinokumenyezela elangeni. Kodwa olu luvo alunakuchaneka. Njengoko sele sikuxelele, igama leTorre del Oro sele livela kumaxwebhu ukusuka kwixesha Alfonso X Osisilumko, ngoxa ukwakhiwa kwesi sigqeba sesithathu kwenziwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo.

Kwelinye icala, oko kugqalwa njengento ithisisi enenyani ngakumbi malunga negama leTorre del Oro. Uthi wabhaptizwa ngaloo ndlela impahla eyayakhiwe ngayo. Lo ibingumxube wodaka lwekalika kunye neendiza ezicinezelweyo ezithi, xa zidibana nelanga, zinike inqaba ukubengezela okumangalisayo okwathi, xa idibana nelanga. wayenza yangathi yigolide. Isenokubonwa nanamhlanje, kodwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo yayibonakala ngakumbi. Okwangoku, inqaba ibonisa umhlaba onqanyuliweyo kunye nelitye. Noko ke, yayakhiwe kwizibuko lamaSilamsi elalisele liqalisile ukubalasela kwilizwe lama-Arabhu. Ngoko ke, kwafuneka ukuba ibonise inkangeleko ebalaseleyo. Ukongezelela, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba ibe ne-plaster eyomeleleyo eya kuxhathisa umonakalo ovela kumswakama.

Ngenxa yezi zizathu, inqaba yayiyiyo igqunywe ngesituko esityheli eyazalisekisa yomibini imisebenzi. Ngenxa yesenzo selanga kuyo, i ukubengezela kwegolide Le yeyona ngcamango yamkelwe ngabaphengululi beli litye lesikhumbuzo kwaye ibonakala iyeyona isengqiqweni.

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, siyakucebisa ukuba, ukuba uya eSeville, ungalibali ukuyindwendwela. Awuyi kukwazi nje ukuyixabisa ngaphandle kwaye ubone imbonakalo yayo, kodwa ungene kwi Imyuziyam yoLwandle ukuyincoma. kwaye unako kwakhona nyuka uye kwindawo yakho yokujonga oko kukunika iimbono ezimangalisayo zesixeko, ngakumbi i Indawo yaseTriana kunye nomjelo we i-guadalquivir.

Seville, ngaphezulu kweTorre del Oro

Kodwa uhambo lwakho ukuya Sevilla Iya kuba ingaphelelanga ukuba unokukhawulela nje ukubona le nqaba. Isixeko esikhulu saseAndalusi sinokuninzi esinokukunika kona. Ke, inqaku lethu alinakugxila kuphela ekubeni kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiTorre del Oro. Kufuneka kwakhona yenza ezinye iingcebiso, nangona le ingeyiyo indawo yokudlula ngononophelo.

Ke ngoko, utyelelo olubalulekileyo lolona lumangalisayo I-Seville Gothic Cathedral. Ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu (yeyesithathu ngobukhulu ulwakhiwo lwenkolo emhlabeni), igcina amatye anqabileyo anje nge Indlu yasebukhosini okanye Isibingelelo esingundoqo. Kodwa umqondiso wakhe omkhulu iGiralda, i-minaret ye-mosque endala ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX.

Usondele kakhulu unayo Alcazar yokwenyani, ibhotwe elilungiselelwe ookumkani apho, ngokuchanekileyo, i Iholo leeKumkani, i Iholo likaCarlos V kunye Intendelezo yeeNtombi. Ngokulinganayo esikhumbuzo yi Uvimba weeIndies, ukwakhiwa kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngobuchule obungathandabuzekiyo bendalo obugcina amaxwebhu exabiso elingenakulinganiswa. Okokugqibela, sifuna ukucebisa ukuba undwendwele okunomtsalane ISpain Square, eyakhelwe i Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. Sisakhiwo esikhulu isitayile sommandla enika imbeko kuyo yonke imihlaba yelizwe lethu.

Ukuqukumbela, siye sachaza kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yiTorre del Oro ulwakhiwo oludumileyo lwaseSeville. Kodwa sikubonise idatha ebalulekileyo malunga nayo. Kwaye besifuna ukukhankanya ubuncinane ezimbalwa izikhumbuzo ezininzi ukuba isixeko saseAndalusi sikunika. Qhubeka kwaye uyindwendwele kwaye uyonwabele yonke.