IYurophu inezinto ezimbalwa zokugcina iimyuziyam ezibaluleke kakhulu kwixabiso lokuqokelelwa kwazo, kwaye enye yazo Imyuziyam yaseBritane okanye iMyuziyam yaseBritane. Le myuziyam in Londres Kuyamangalisa kuba kugcina ubuncwane obuxabiseke kakhulu.
Ndiyathetha ubuncwane bayo buvela kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ke ukuba uthatha uhambo oluya kwikomkhulu lesiNgesi ngumbono olunge kakhulu ukuba ubatyelele uze ubahlangabeze. Apha sikushiya yonke into ekufuneka uyazi cwangcisa utyelelo.
Imyuziyam yaseBritane
Yayisungulwa kwi-1753 kwaye ubambe isihloko sokuba imyuziyam yokuqala yoluntu kunye nokwamkelwa simahla. Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yatyelelwa ngabantu abamalunga namawaka amahlanu ngonyaka kwaye namhlanje kuqikelelwa ukuba inezigidi ezithandathu zabatyeleli.
Imyuziyam Wazalwa kukhuthazo kunye nomdla kaSir Hans Sloane, umqokeleli omkhulu ngezinto ezingaphezu kwama-70 amawaka awayengafuni kulahleka emva kokufa kwakhe. Ke wanikela ngayo yonke ingqokelela yakhe kuKing George II nge- $ 20. Ukumkani wamkela kwaye ngo-1753 isiseko semyuziyam senziwa semthethweni. Kodwa zeziphi izinto ezenze le ngqokelela yabucala? Imibhalo yesandla, iincwadi, izinto zakudala, iiprinta, iimedali, iingqekembe, imizobo, iisampulu zendalo ...
Ngokutsha ngo-1759 imyuziyam yavula iingcango zayo. Uyenze okokuqala kwindawo yokuhlala i-Montagu, indlu yenkulungwane ye-XNUMXe eBloomsbury. Ngelo xesha umnyango wawusimahla kwaye wawungaze uvale iingcango zawo, nditsho nangemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi. Ewe ngokunjalo, loo ngqokelela yokuqala yandiswa kakhulu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, inkulungwane yasebukhosini ngokugqwesa.
Ubukho be-impiriyali be-United Kingdom e-Afrika, eMelika nase-Asiya bayifumana njengobuncwane bokwenyani. Nangona amazwe abasuka kuwo bevakalise umnqweno wabo wokubuyiselwa kubo obu buncwane, akukho nkqubela phambili malunga noku. Ke, phakathi kobuncwane bamanye amazwe agcinwa yinyuziyamu kukho Ilitye leRosetta (ilitye elalivumela ukucazululwa kweehieroglyphs), imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeParthenon.
Ingqokelela yemyuziyam yendalo yafudukela kwikomkhulu layo eMzantsi Kesington ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-80 kwaye yaba liMyuziyam yeMbali yeNdalo. Ukuba inkulungwane ye-XNUMX yinkulungwane yokwandiswa kwengqokelela, Inkulungwane yamashumi amabini yile yeenkonzo ezinikezelwa ngumyuziyam. Iinkqubo zemfundo zaphuhliswa, iiholo zabuyiselwa, kwaye imiboniso ebalulekileyo esisigxina yafakwa njenge Umzekelo: Ukufumanisa, umhlaba wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ya kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX lemyuziyam yaqhubeka nokwandisa ubuncwane bayo ngeeseramikhi zaseTshayina, iiwotshi zazo zonke iintlobo kunye nengcwaba lecawa, leyo kaNebamun, yemvelaphi yase-Egypt.
Tyelela iMyuziyam yaseBritane
Kwimyuziyam ungafika apho nge-metro, ngebhasi okanye ngebhayisikile. Izikhululo ezikufutshane zeTyhubhu yiHolborn, iNdlela yeNkundla yaseTottenham, iSitalato iGoodge kunye neRussell Square. Iibhasi ezimisa eNew Oxford Street zi-1, 8, 19, 25, 38, 55, 98 no-242. Abo bame eSouthampton Row ngama-14, 24, X29, 73, 134 no-390.
Ukuba uqeshe ibhayisekile kukho iindlela zokujikeleza ngaphakathi kwamasango olondolozo lwembali kwiGreat Street Street. Esona sikhululo sebhayisikile sikufutshane ngaphandle kwamasango, kwikona yesitalato iGreat Russell kunye neMontague Street.
Imyuziyam ivula unyaka wonke kodwa iyavalwa ngoJanuwari 1 nangoDisemba 24, 25 no-26. Iigalari zemyuziyam zivula yonke imihla ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-5 ngorhatya kwaye zivala kakhulu nge-8: 30 ngokuhlwa ngolwesiHlanu Baqala ukuvala ngo-5: 20 emva kwemini nange-8: 20 emva kwemini ngoLwezihlanu. Vula ngeeholide kodwa ugcine engqondweni ukuba ukhenketho olukhokelwayo kunye neentetho zilinganiselwe.
Inkundla enkulu, enedesika yolwazi, ivulwa yonke imihla ukusuka nge-9 kusasa ukuya kwi-6 ngokuhlwa kude kube nge-8: 30 ngokuhlwa ngolwesiHlanu. Ibhokisi yeofisi ivuliwe ukusuka ngo-9 ukuya ku-5 ntambama kude kube ngo-7: 45 ntambama, ngoLwesihlanu. Njengoko uya kufumanisa ngolwesiHlanu iiyure ziyandiswa.
Kwaye kukho ntoni ukutyelela? Imyuziyam inamasebe ahlukeneyo: I-Afrika, i-Oceania kunye neMelika, i-Egypt yakudala neSudan, iAsia, iiMali kunye neembasa, iGrisi neRoma, Mbindi Mpuma, Imbali neYurophu, iiPrinta neMizobo. Ukuba awunalo ulwazi oluninzi lwangaphambili kwaye umbono wakho kukufunda, kungcono ubhalisele i ukhenketho namavolontiya. Olu tyelelo ngamaqela abantu abangama-25.
Los Ukhenketho olukhethekileyo lwasekuseni, babizwa njalo, ziqala ngentsimbi ye-9 ze zigqibe iyure enye, kubandakanya ixesha lokuthatha iifoto. Mane ubhukishe kwi-Intanethi kwaye uye kumnyango ongowona uphambili kwi-Great Russell Street nge-8: 50 kusasa kunye nesiqinisekiso sakho sokubhukisha esiprintiweyo. Olu tyelelo lumalunga neMyuziyam yaseBritane ngokwakhe, okanye ngaye IYiputa yamandulo okanye malunga iTshayina. Ixabiso lamatikiti Iiponti ezili-30 ngomntu omdala kwaye abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15 baxabisa iiponti ezili-15.
Olunye uhlobo lwe cwangcisa utyelelo lwakho Lixesha lokuba ucwangcise ukuba ngaphakathi kumyuziyam: Inye, iiyure ezintathu? Ngeyure kuphela awuyi kubona okuninzi kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukubona ilitye leRosetta, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yaseAsiriya kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeParthenon, Ubuncwane be-Oxus, i Umdlalo wasebukhosini eUre, la Umama kaKatebet, enye izikrweqe zesamamura, i UKumkani wase Ife, i iseti yeLeices chess. Yonke into esemgangathweni waphantsi, umgangatho ophezulu kunye nomgangatho osezantsi.
Ngeeyure ezintathu utyelelo luyaphuculwa kwaye unokongeza ezinye izinto: enye Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-Easter Island, i-astrolabe kaSloane, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-Tang yodongwe, ukubhuqwa kweRamses the Grande, iimodeli ze-automata, inyoka eluhlaza, iivazi Chinese okanye ithebhulethi ebhalwe ngoonobumba abatsobhileyo elithetha ngomkhukula, umzekelo.
Unako kwakhona jonga imbali yoluntu kwizinto ezili-100 ezikhethwe ngokukodwa, la Imbali yaseLondon kwizinto ezingama-20 okanye iyantlukwano yoluntu kwimbali. Kwaye ukuba uyathanda ukudlala kwaye ungaboni iMyuziyam yase-Bhritane kuphela, ikunika eli thuba libalaseleyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubambe ezinye izinto zemyuziyam ngoncedo lwamavolontiya ukuba ungaphendula imibuzo yakho.
Oku kunokwenzeka kufumaneka kwifayile ye- Igalari yokuKhanyisa (igumbi 1), Ukuqokelela umhlaba (igumbi 2), Igalari yokuPhila kunye nokuFa (igumbi 24), Igalari yaseBritani yaseBritane (igumbi 49), Igalari yeMali (igumbi 68), Igalari yeHlabathi yamaSilamsi (igumbi lama-42-43) kunye Igalari yase China kunye ne-Asia yoMzantsi (igumbi lama-33). Ihlala isimahla.
Okokugqibela, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yemyuziyam kuba apho uya kuba nolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo, ngakumbi malunga imiboniso yethutyana. Ngoku, umzekelo, phakathi kuka-Epreli 11 noJulayi 21 kukho enye malunga no-Edvard Munch kwaye ukusuka ngoMeyi 23 ukuya ku-Agasti 26 kukho enye malunga nemanga, umdlalo ohlekisayo waseJapan. Kokubini ninokubhukisha kwi-intanethi.