ISan Miguel de Escalada

ISan Miguel de Escalada yenye yezona ziphambili Izikhumbuzo zangaphambi koburoma ukusuka kwiphondo lase León. Yayingumzi weemonki ungcwaliselwe i-913 ukulungiselela iimonki ukusuka ECórdoba, kodwa okwangoku kuphela icawa kunye nokunye ukuxhomekeka.

Ime kumasipala we Abafundi, malunga neekhilomitha ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ukusuka kwikomkhulu laseLeón nase- Indlela kaSantiago. I-monastery yakhiwe kwicawa yakudala yeVisigoth ezingcwalisiweyo, ngokucacileyo, eSan Miguel. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi malunga neli ziko le-pre-Romanesque, siyakumema ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda.

Imbali yeSan Miguel de Escalada

Ngonyaka wama-912, iqela leemonki elalikhokelwa nguAbbot Alfonso lafika kulo mmandla waseLeón. Bezimisele ukuhlala apho, bakha unyaka nje omnye woonongendi oya kuthi, sele sele ekwi-913, ungcwaliswe ngubhishophu Oyingcwele uGenadius waseAstorga.

Ngokwakhiwa kwayo, basebenzise izixhobo ezivela kulwakhiwo lwakudala lweVisigothic esithetha ngalo. Oku kusabonakala kolunye lweendonga zayo, apho ungabona khona umbhalo ovela kwitempile yokuqala. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-monastery yayihlala kumhla wayo wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngelo xesha ezinye izinto zokwakha ezintsha zongezwa.

Sele ikwi-XIX, kunye noThatho-mali olubangelwa Mendizabal kwipropathi yecawa, iSan Miguel de la Escalada yashiywa. Nangona kunjalo, yabuyiselwa izihlandlo ezininzi kwaye, kwangoko kwangowe-1886, yabhengezwa Isikhumbuzo seLizwe.

Iimpawu zeSan Miguel de Escalada

Njengoko besitshilo, olu lwakhiwo luphendula kwiimpawu ze ubugcisa bangaphambi kokuya kwabasetyhini. Oko kukuthi, ngokufanayo abathi bangenise USanta Maria del Naranco o ISan Miguel de Lillo kwiOviedo. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, idibanisa izinto zeVisigoth kunye nezinye izinto zeMozarabic.

Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zangoku zikhetha ukuyibiza ukubuyisela ubugcisa. Isizathu, njengoko unokuthelekelela, kukuba yayakhiwe ngamaKrestu awayezinza kumazwe aseCastile ashiywe ngamaSilamsi ukuze abuyele ebantwini. Kodwa, njengoko le mida yomda ihlala iqhuba abafowunelwa, le ndlela inamandla Into yemozarabicOko kukuthi, ngenxa efanayo ngokulinganayo kumaKrestu kodwa ezo zivela kumhlaba we-Al-Aldalus.

Kwelinye icala, njengoko besesitshilo, i-San Miguel complex ifumene izandiso ezininzi ngamaxesha emva kokwakhiwa kwayo. Phakathi kwezo zigciniweyo, i inqaba enkulu yaseRoma ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX elawula indawo esemazantsi yesakhiwo.

Icawa

Kodwa, phakathi kweendawo zokwakha ezigcinwe namhlanje, icawa yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngaba isityalo se-basilical kwaye yahlulwe yazi-naves ezintathu, zona ezo zahlulwe ziingqameko zesintu Iingqameko zehashe AmaSilamsi. Ngokunjalo, phakathi kwee-naves kunye nentloko yetempile kukho indawo ethe ngqo esebenza njenge ngcembe kwaye iya kumiselwa abefundisi kwimibhiyozo.

Ngokwenxalenye yayo, isihloko sinayo apses ezintathu ezinesangqa ngaphakathi, kodwa uxande ngaphandle. Ukongeza, ezi zigutyungelwe ngu iigal vaults ezifanayo nezo unokuzibona kwimikhosi yama-Arabhu emininzi.

Phakathi kwe-transept nentloko kukho i iconopasis ezenziwa ziintsika ezimile okomnqamlezo, kwimfundiso yamaSpanishi, efihla umbingeleli kwabathembekileyo ngexesha lokungcwaliswa. Esi yayisisithethe somsitho esasigcinwa kwimicimbi yenkonzo de kwaba yeyaseRoma eyamkelwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinanye. I-iconostasis yayiyinto yoyilo enikezela ukuba ngasese. Ngokwesiqhelo, sasiyisikrini esihonjiswe ngemifanekiso yenkolo eyayibekwe phambi kwesibingelelo. Yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwiitempile zaseByzantium, ukusuka apho yadlulela eNtshona.

Ngokubhekisele ngaphandle, itempile ayinayo i-portico ehambileyo, into exhaphakileyo kwi-Asturian pre-Romanesque. Amasango asemacaleni nakwicala lasentshona. Ngokuchanekileyo, kwicala lasezantsi lecawa kukho igalari ebunjiweyo eneengqameko zamahashe oko kuyiphelelisa yonke. Le nto iyakhayo, emva kwexesha kuba yayakhiwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ikwaqhelekile kwiitempile zase-Asturian kwaye iya kuthi kamva isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi uyilo lwamaRoma.

Ngokumalunga nokukhanyiswa kwecawa, ikwalandela neempawu zezinye iitempile zamaKristu okuqala. Ke ngoko, kufezekiswa ngeewindows ezincinci kudonga olujikelezayo kuzo zombini i-nave ephambili kunye neepses. Okokugqibela, uphahla luxhaswa ngezigaba ezibini kwaye lune-slope eneeave ebanzi.

Inqaba

Yayiyinto yokugqibela yokwakha eya kongezwa kwisakhiwo saseSan Miguel de Escalada, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.Ineempundu ezishinyeneyo kwaye ekuqaleni yayiqulathe imigangatho emithathu. Ngaphakathi kufikeleleka ngomnyango one-semicircular arch ekusa kwi Icawa yaseSan Fructuoso, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPantheon of Abbots.

Kodwa ikakhulu ibalaselisa Iwindow enefestile yesibini yehashe. Ubukho bayo bunomdla kuba inqaba yeyaseRoma. Ke ngoko, olu hlobo lwesaphetha alusasetyenziswa. Ukuba oku kwenziwe, yayikukuxelisa leya yafunyanwa kwintshona yetempile.

Umhlobiso

Okokugqibela, ukuhonjiswa kweSan Miguel de Escalada kunjalo isityebi kakhulu ngexesha laso. Siqulathe iingqukuva, friezes, lattices kunye neengcango. Ngokubhekisele kwiinjongo zabo, imifuno ininzi. Umzekelo, izixa, amagqabi nemithi yesundu. Kodwa kukwakho nezinye iimilo zejiyometri ezinje ngokuluka okanye imesisi kunye nezilwanyana, ezinje ngeentaka ziqhekeza izixa zomdiliya.

Ikhowudi yeSan Miguel de Escalada

Malunga nonyaka wama-922, i U-abbot uVictor, kwindlu yoonongendi yaseLeona esichaphazelayo, wayalela ukuba kwenziwe ikhowudi eya kukopa 'iNkcazo ngencwadi yeSityhilelo' UBeatus waseLiebana. Iziphumo zabizwa njalo 'Usikelelwe nguSan Miguel de Escalada', ikhonjelwe kwisikhanyisi esiyintloko UMagius. Nangona kunjalo, le codex, kuyabonakala ukuba, yayingenzelwanga kumzi woonongendi waseLeonese, kodwa yenziwa eSan Salvador de Tábara, ekwidolophu yaseZamora ekwelo gama. Okwangoku, i-'Beato de San Miguel de Escalada 'igcinwe kwi Ilayibrari kaMorgan eNew York.

Ufika njani eSan Miguel de Escalada

Esi sikhumbuzo sibekwe, njengoko besitshilo, kumasipala waseLeona Abafundi. Ekuphela kwendlela yokufika kwisikhumbuzo yindlela. Unebhasi ezivela kwikomkhulu lephondo, kodwa azihambi rhoqo. Ingcebiso yethu kukuba ungene eyakho imoto.

Ukwenza oko ukusuka León, kuya kufuneka uthathe ifayile ye- N-601 edibanisa isixeko kunye neValladolid. Ukuphakama kweVillarente kuya kufuneka uthathe ifayile ye- KWI-213 eya kukusa kwaBakala. Kodwa, ngaphambi kokufikelela kwikomkhulu likamasipala, kuya kufuneka uthathe i Ukuphambuka ngasekhohlo ukwazisa ngoonongendi.

Ekugqibeleni, ISan Miguel de Escalada Sesinye sezona zakhiwo ziphambili zangaphambi kwamaRoma kuzo zonke iCastile. Inxulumene nabantu be-Asturian, ubuhle bayo abuyi kukushiya ungakhathali. Qhubeka uyityelele.