Esinye sezona zizwe zaziwayo zaseAfrika ngu AmaMasai okanye amaMasai, ethe namhlanje yasasazwa phakathi IKenya neTanzania. Ukhe wawabona amaxwebhu kwiziteshi ezikhethekileyo okanye weva ngawo kwiindaba nakwimiboniso bhanyabhanya.
AmaMasai afika kumazwe ahlala kuwo ngoku esuka kumantla eKenya aza aqalisa ukufuduka ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ewuthatha umhlaba. Yidolophu ethi, ukuba uthatha uhambo oluya eAfrika kwaye uthanda izilwanyana zasendle, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuphela ukwazi ukuba kutheni bahlala kufutshane kakhulu kwezinye zeepaki zesizwe ezithandwayo. Masifunde namhlanje ukusuka inkcubeko nezithethe zabo.
AmaMasai
Imbali yomlomo yale dolophu ithi nje, ukuba imvelaphi yayo ikwiNtlambo yomNayile esezantsi, emantla ntshona eKenya, kwaye yaqala ukufuduka ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX de yahlala kummandla wangoku, imeko eyafikelela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
AmaMaasai awashiywanga ngaphandle kwimpixano yobukoloniyali kwilizwekazi. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuhlala, umzekelo, yoBukhosi baseBritane, yathatha imihlaba, ukongeza kwizifo zaseYurophu ezazichaphazela nabantu bazo. Kuyinyani ukuba nakwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ziye zafuduswa xa kwenziwa iipaka zesizwe kunye noovimba bezilwanyana zasendleeKenya naseTanzania.
AmaMaasai anjalo abafuyi beenkomo, abalusi, kwaye ukubaluleka kwendoda yaseMaasai kulinganiswa ngenani lemfuyo anayo kunye nenani labantwana. Ukuba unezinto ezimbalwa kuzo zombini, uthathwa ngokuba ulihlwempu. Bahlala bexhathisa iinzame zoorhulumente bamazwe omabini zokuba bafumane ubomi bokuhlala ngaphezulu. Kwaye ngaphambi koko, ngamaxesha okoloniyali, bebesoloko bexhathisa ubukhoboka.
Ekugqibeleni, Abantu bamaMasai banamaqelana kwaye nganye inamasiko ayo, iilwimi zayo, isimbo sayo sokunxiba, njalo njalo. Ngaphakathi edolophini la maqela abizwa ngokuba "zizizwe" kwaye kukho malunga nama-22.
Inkcubeko yamaMasai
Uluntu lwamaMaasai ngusolusapho kwaye izigqibo zithathwa ngamadoda, ngamanye amaxesha ngenkxaso okanye ngengcebiso yamadoda amadala. Amasiko abantu agqithiselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngomlomo kwaye ukwaphulwa komthetho ekuhlaleni kwamkela ukohlwaywa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukuhlawulwa ngeziqholo, oko kukuthi, ngeenkomo, ukuba isicelo sokuxolisa okanye sokwenza uxolo asizukufezekisa.
Malunga nenkolo evunywa ngamaMaasai bakholelwa kuthixo omnyeOko kukuthi, bakholelwa kuthixo omnye abambizayo Enkai okanye Engai. Yinto yokuba indalo ke njengokuba kukho uEngai Na-nyokie, uThixo obomvu onempindezelo, kukho uEngai Narok, uThixo oMnyama, ngubani olungileyo ebalini. Kukho kwakhona totem: Oodo Mongi okanye Red Cow, kunye Orok Kiteng, okanye Black Cow; kunye netotem yezilwanyana yingonyama.
Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba ukuba yi-totem ebalulekileyo ingonyama ayinakubulawa, ngesimbo seenkomo ezingcwele e-India, kodwa akunjalo. AmaMasai ayazibulala iingonyama, nangona ekwenza oko ngendlela ekhethekileyo kuba ngaphezu komdlalo wendebe ngumsitho wokwaluka.
Kwelinye icala, ngaba amaMasai anayo Shaman, umlamli phakathi kwehlabathi likaThixo kunye nehlabathi labantu? Ewe iyaziwa njenge laibon kwaye ngokuchanekileyo wenza iziprofeto, uphilisa kwaye enze ukuvumisa, ngokubanzi kwimicimbi enxulumene nemozulu okanye ukungqubana phakathi kwezizwe. Le ndima yimbali, kodwa njengoko amaxesha etshintshile namhlanje i-laibon ikwazalisekisa indima yezopolitiko.
Amaxesha anamhlanje asondeze amayeza aseNtshona kubantu baseMaasai, enceda ekuphuculeni izinga lokuzalwa eliphantsi kunye nenqanaba lokusinda kwabantwana. Kwilizwe elingenazintsholongwane okanye ulwazi ngezempilo, amaMaasai bamqonda kuphela umntwana njengelungu lesizwe kwiinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Kuthekani ngokufa? Ngaba unayo nayiphi na isithethe okanye intsomi malunga nokufa okanye ubomi emva kwako?
Ewe akukho, akukho msitho ukhethekileyo okanye iinkolelo eziphonononga ubomi emva kokufa. Ngombono oqinisekileyo ngakumbi wobomi xa umntu esifa, uyafa kwaye umzimba ushiyelwa ukuba uqwase, nangona kungangcwatywa umphathi omkhulu. Ukuba ngasizathu sithile izilwanyana azityi, kukholelwa ukuba kukho into embi eyenziweyo kwaye enokuthi izise usapho ngamashwa, ke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba abahluthi bayawushiya amathambo ngamanye amaxesha begquma umzimba ngokutya.
Ukuthetha ngokutya, imfuyo ligalelo lazo elisisisekoBakhupha inyama, ubisi kunye negazi leenkomo, abathi ngamanye amaxesha basele. Nangona ngokwembali bekusenzeka njalo, kwinqanaba lokwehla kwenani lemfuyo namhlanje baxhomekeke ku irayisi, iitapile, ikhaphetshu kunye namazimba. Namhlanje, ukuba ngumfundisi kuphela kunzima kwaye idolophu iphela iqhekekile phakathi kwesiko kunye nokulungiselela abantwana babo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Uluntu lwamaMaasai luqhubela phambili ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya ebudaleni ngokutsiba izigaba ezahlukeneyo kwaye izithethe zokwaluka ezenzeka xa imizimba itshintsha. Ke, ubuntwana babantwana budlalwa kakhulu kude kube ngo-12 baqala njengamagorhaNgelixa amantombazana kunzima ukujongana nomsebenzi wasendlwini.
Bantwana, ukuba ngamagorha, baluswe ngaphandle kokubulala. Ukukhula kubuhlungu kwaye ngumbono lowo. Ngaba kuyakuchukumisa? Ewe, khawufane ucinge ukuba ilungu lobudoda liyaphilisa emva kweenyanga ezintathu okanye ezine kwaye ngelo xesha uchama imeko.
Abantwana, kwiminyaka kamva, badlula kolunye usiko olubenza baphumelele, masithi, inqanaba le- amagorha aphezulu. Yiyo loo nto abo bangaphambi kwabo beqhubeka nokuthatha izigqibo ngezopolitiko behlala kwindawo eyayikade igcinwe ngabadala, de babe bona bakudala. Amagorha amancinci aneenwele ezinde, abantu abadala baneenwele ezimfutshane. Kuthekani ngamantombazana? Ewe, nantsi Isiko lokwaluka kwamantombazana njengenyathelo eliphambi kwemeko yakhe yokuba ngumfazi onokutshata.
AmaMasai acinga ukuba ulwaluko lwabafazi luyimfuneko kwaye Amadoda amaMaasai awatshati amakhosikazi angakhange enze olu siko kubizwa emuratare Kwaye ukuba bayalamkela, ikhazi libiza kakhulu. Umfazi ongalukanga uthathwa njengongakhuliyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube ne-clitoris yokutshata kwaye ukhulelwe, kwaye xa sele ukhulelwe awukwazi ukwabelana ngesondo.
Ngokucacileyo, eli siko kule mihla kugxekwa kakhulu kwaye kukho ubutshantliziyo obunamandla ngokuchasene nayo kangangokuba kuye kwafezekiswa ukuba, ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa hayi kangako, okuninzi akwenziwa kwaye isithethe senkundla sesokomfuziselo. Kufuneka kuthiwe namhlanje eKenya naseTanzania ukwaluka kwabasetyhini akuvumelekanga.
Oku malunga noluntu lwamaMaasai kunye neempawu zalo, into ekufuneka ifundwe ngaphambi kokuya e-Afrika ukuze ubazi ngcono. Emva koko, into oza kuyibona inento yokwenza nayo umculo wawo nomngqungqo wawo neengcibi zawo. Kukho imidaniso emininzi, iingoma kunye nenkolo eyiyo ukuguqulwa komzimba ngokusebenzisa amacici ezindlebeni, kuzo zonke iindidi kunye nobukhulu, kunye nokukhutshwa kwee-canines ebuntwaneni (kuba bacinga ukuba urhudo, umkhuhlane okanye ukugabha kubangelwa kukopha kula mazinyo). .
Banxibe izacholo zomqala, izacholo, kunye neempahla ezimibalabala ezithengiswa njengezikhumbuzo kubakhenkethi. Okokugqibela, ezinye iinyani: namhlanje abemi bayo baqikelelwa kubantu abangama-900.000 Bathetha ngantoni Mon, kodwa kwakhona Bathetha isiNgesi nesiSwahili.