Maninzi amazwe kwaye ngenxa yoko zininzi iimali. Nangona namhlanje amanye amazwe aseYurophu esabelana nge-euro njengemali kunye ne-lira, uphawu okanye i-peseta sele ziyinxalenye yezembali, inani leemali ezahlukeneyo liselininzi.
Kwaye ingqekembe nganye, nayo, ineeseti zamatyala asemthethweni kunye neengqekembe. Ndikhe ndayicinga ixesha elide kwaye ndibhale le post amatyala ehlabathi Ndizibuze ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokukhetha endiza kuyisebenzisa, kwaye ndigqibe kwelokuba Iimali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe: el Dollar yaseMelika, i euro, i yen kunye iponti entle. Masazi amatikiti akho!
Amatyala
Siyazi ukuba amaRoma namaGrike ayesebenzisa iingqekembe, kodwa ivele nini imali ephepheni? Ngokutsho kweengcali, imali ephepheni yavela kwi China yamandulo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX y eYurophu malunga nenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, eSweden. Kubonakala ukuba bafika eSpeyin ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Inyani yile yokuba imali yamaphepha yathandwa ngokukhawuleza kuba kwakulula ukuhambisa kunye nokukhanya kakhulu, nangona sisazi kakuhle ukuba zange baphinde baxhase ingqekembe, kodwa baphela behlala nazo.
Eyona mali indala ehlabathini isasetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni yiponti yaseBritane kwaye ikwayimali yesine esetyenziswa kakhulu kurhwebo lwamazwe aphesheya emva kwedola yaseMelika, i-euro kunye ne yen yaseJapan. Makhe sithethe ngeponti yesiNgesi kuqala.
Iponti entle
Kuvela kuyo Zibuyela emva ngexesha lamaRoma. Ngapha koko, igama Iipounds ivela kwilatin iponti, ubunzima. Ukumkani wokuqala waseNgilani wamkela iponti yaseBritane njengemali yokuqala yelizwe. Emva phaya iponti yayinokuthenga malunga neenkomo ezili-15 ngoko ke yayiyimali eninzi.
Los Iibhanki zokuqala zazikhutshwe yiBhanki yaseNgilani kwaye yayingamaphepha ngesandla. Ngo-1785 zazisele zishicilelwe zinamahlelo awahlukeneyo. Namhlanje kukho uthotho lwamaphepha amaninzi asasazwayo kunye namaxabiso amane: 5, 10, 20 kunye nama-50 eephawundi.
Los Iiponti ezingama-5 Zenziwe ngeepolym e-turquoise noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye zithwala umfanekiso wazo Churchill, IBlenheim Palace kunye ne-Elizabeth Tower, kunye nesicatshulwa esivela kwintetho yeNkulumbuso ka-1940 iprintwe kwipolymer kwaye yaya kusasazwa ngo-2016.
Los Iiponti ezingama-10 zivela ku Iipholima kwaye ziorenji. Baphethe umfanekiso we UJane Austen (umbhali woKratshi noKhethe), kunye nesicatshulwa esivela kule noveli ngomzekeliso we-protagonist yayo kunye nembono entle ye-Godmershan Park, indlu enkulu yaseKent. Ihlala ithwala iDarwin kodwa yayingasasazwanga ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo.
Los Iibhili ezingama-20 unyana iphepha nemfusa. Banomfanekiso we Adam Smith (owokuqala waseScotland ukuvela kwiphepha lemali lesiNgesi), kwaye uya kuphinda atshintshwe kunyaka olandelayo yipolymer eneJMW Turner. Kwelakhe icala, Inqaku leeponti ezingama-50 Ikwenziwe ngephepha, ebomvu ngombala, kwaye ithwele iingqondi zetekhnoloji yomphunga, UBoulton noJames Watt.
Ukusukela ngo-1945 akubangakho mali ingaphezulu kwama-50 eepawundi.
Idola yaseMelika
I-United States Congress yenze idola ngo-1792. Ixesha, idola livela kwigama leSaxon uyabusela, Ingqekembe yesilivere yaseYurophu esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Namhlanje yenye yezona mali zinamandla emhlabeni, iprintwe njengeelekese, ayixhomekekanga kumgangatho wedola ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo kwaye kukho inzame eyomeleleyo yamazwe afana neRussia ne China ukuyisusa kwitrone yayo. iintengiselwano zorhwebo zamanye amazwe.
Amanqaku ebhanki ajikelezayo yi-1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 ne-100 leedola. Inkqubo ye- Iimali zedola baphethe umfanekiso we George Washington kwaye zisasazwa ngokubanzi. Isiko lokunxiba idola njengekhubalo lethamsanqa liyathandwa. Inkqubo ye- Iibhili ezimbini zeedola qhubelela kwi Thomas Jefferson kwaye akukho zininzi kangako ekuhanjisweni.
Los Iibhili ezintlanu zeedola qhubelela kwi Lincoln kwicala elinye kwelinye iSikhumbuzo saseLincoln. Inkqubo ye- Iibhili ezilishumi zeedola bane Alexander Hamilton kunye nezo IRandi ye20 a Andrew Jackson. Kwinxalenye yabo Iimali ezingama-50 zeedola bane Grant kwaye ekugqibeleni Iimali ezingama-100 zeedola qhubelela kwi UBenjamin Franklin.
Ukususela ngo-1946, imali engamaphepha engaphezulu kwe-100 yeedola ayiprintwanga.
Iyuro
Iyuro ikhona ukusukela ngo-1993 xa iSivumelwano se-European Union saqala ukusebenza sayila umanyano lwezoqoqosho kunye nemali ngokuchanekileyo. Amazwe ayinxalenye yesivumelwano kufuneka azalisekise iimeko ezithile kwaye ukusukela ngoko amazwe amaninzi awayengasityikityanga ekuqaleni aye ahlanganiswa.
Ngo-1999, iinkqubo ezininzi ezizimeleyo zemali ziyekile ukubakho kulawo malungu alishumi elinanye okuqala e-EU, kubandakanya iJamani, iSpain, iFrance, i-Ireland, i-Itali. Nangona kunjalo, kwathatha iminyaka embalwa ukwaziswa kwe-euro de kwenziwe iibhanki kunye neengqekembe ezintsha. A) Ewe, yaqala ukusasazwa ngo-2002 exabisa iisenti ezimbalwa kuneedola yaseMelika.
Amanqaku e-Euro anamahlelo alandelayo: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 kunye nama-500 euros. Ngokungafaniyo nemali ye-EU uyilo olulodwa Kwaye zishicilelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. zenziwe nge umqhaphu omsulwa kwaye zinemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko enza ukuba kube nzima ukuzenza. Ngelixa iingqekembe zinecala lesizwe, imvelaphi yamaphepha ebhanki ichongwa ngonobumba wokuqala wenombolo ye-serial.
El Iibhilidi ezintlanu ze-euro eyona incinci, ngu ngwevu kwaye unomzobo we uyilo lwakudala. I Ibhili ye-10 yeebhili inkulu kancinci, yiyo obomvu kwaye umzobo ngow uyilo lwamaRoma. Enye ye 20 euro inkulu isekhona, inebala luhlaza, kunye nomzobo we Uyilo lweGothic.
El Ibhili ye-50 yeebhili Imilinganiselo ye-140mm nge-77mm, inemibala iorandi kwaye uyilo apha Ukuhlaziya. I Ibhili ye-100 yeebhili inkulu, ye umbala oluhlaza kunye nomzobo we Uyilo lwe-baroque kunye ne-rococo. Okokugqibela, oko kwe 200 euro inkulu kakhulu, i-153 ngama-82 mm, ephuzi kunye noyilo onamhlanje kunye ne 500 euro Amanyathelo angama-160 ngama-82 mm, ngu violet kwaye umzobo ngow uyilo lwanamhlanje.
Ngaphandle kwemizobo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, kukho imizobo ebhekisa kwimimandla engaphandle ye-EU njengeGuadeloupe, Azores okanye iCanary Islands, umzekelo.
IJapan yamaYen
Imvelaphi yayo ibuyela kwixesha leJapan eJapan ngexesha leMeiji, lilandela umzekelo waseYurophu. Yiyo loo nto ilizwe liyishiyile imali yakudala, i hansatsu, ninaNgo-1871 yamkela i-yen. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva imali engamaphepha yavela, okwangoku enamahlelo amathathu okoko iJapan lilizwe apho iingqekembe zisasazwa ngokubanzi kwaye zithandwa kakhulu.
El Ibhili ye-1000 yen Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala kwaye lunomfanekiso weHideo Noguchi, iNtaba iFuji, iLake Mototsu, kunye neentyatyambo zekherry. Inkqubo ye- Ibhili ye-5000 yen Inkulu kancinci, imfusa ngombala kunye nomzobo we-Ichiyo Higuchi kunye nomzobo weklasikhi; kwaye i Ibhili ye-10.000 yen Unombala omdaka, amanyathelo angama-160 ngama-76 mm, kwaye unomfanekiso kaFukuzawa Yukichi kunye neBuddhist phoenix.
Urhulumente waseJapan ungenelela kakhulu kwixabiso lemali yakhe ethi yona igqitywe kurhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nonikezelo kunye nemfuno Okwangoku, kwanele ukuthatha amanani amabini ukuzisa kwidola. Kuyinyani ukuba uluntu lwaseJapan lulawulwa ngemali, kodwa mna, esele ndihambe kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, kufuneka nditsho ukuba kule mihla amakhadi etyala kunye namakhadi okufumana imali, amkelekile kakhulu ekuhlawuleni yonke into.