Esinye sezifundo zokuba IMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini inento yokwenza nendlela emasikizi ngayo intiyo yabantu, ucalucalulo, intiyo yabemi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 emva kokuphela kwemfazwe enjalo, kubonakala ngathi umhlaba awusifundanga isifundo. Auschwitz kukho ukukhumbula.
Ngokuqinisekileyo ayilulo uhambo oluqhelekileyo lwabakhenkethi, kuncinci ukuzonwabisa, kodwa ndicinga ukuba inamandla okusibeka kwi-axis. Xa sikhalaza ngabamelwane, abafuduki, abantu abohlukeneyo, xa ukungonwabi kujika kube kukucaphuka nomsindo, kuya kufuneka sikhumbule imbali ukuze singaphinde siwele kwakuloyiko lunye kwakhona.
Auschwitz
Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi yahlasela amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu kwaye elinye lawo lalinjalo Pholend. Oomatshini bamaNazi benza iitanki, iinqwelomoya, iinkwili kunye neebhombu kwaye kwangaxeshanye batshabalalisa izigidi zabantu ngeyona ndlela ilungeleleneyo neenkcukacha. Yiloo nto i Iinkampu zokufa kwaye eyona yaziwayo yayi IAuschwitz.
Ngokwenene Wazalwa njengentsimi enye kwaye ekugqibeleni waba nzima kwabathathu: IAuschwitz I, iAuschwitz II-Birkenau kunye neAuschwitz III-Monowitz, apho kuye kongezwa amanye amashumi aliqela ngaphezulu, ongaphantsi okanye ophantsi. Oku kuntsokotha usePoland, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-43 eKrakow. Kuqikelelwa namhlanje ukuba itye ngaphezulu kwesigidi sabantu kwizigidi ezithathu kunye nento eye yafumana ilishwa lokuwela apho.
Iinkampu zoxinaniso kunye nokubulawa kwabantu babelawulwa yi-SS, iSchultztaffel okanye izibiyeli zokhuselo, umkhosi, umkhosi kunye nokhuseleko umbutho owawusenkonzweni yeNational Socialist Party kwaye, ngemfazwe, wasebenza kuyo yonke imimandla ekuhlalwa kuyo. Unokuthula ngokuzolileyo ucinga ngohlobo lokuNcinwa.
IAuschwitz I yayiliziko lolawulo Yinto entsonkothileyo abadlula kuyo kwaye kwakungekho kufa amaJuda kuphela kodwa nabaphikisi bezopolitiko, abasebenzi okanye ii-gypsies. Ingcamango yokwakhiwa kwenkampu yavela kuHimmler, ilungu eliphakamileyo le-SS ukususela ngo-1925. Wonyula umphathi-mkhosi wokuqala, uRudolf Hoss, ophethe inkampu entsha ukusukela ngo-1940.
Le ntsimi yakhiwe edolophini yaseAuschwitz, kwiNdawo yokuPhumla, Indawo ekwakufuneka inikezelwe ePoland ngokusayina kweSivumelwano saseVersailles. Kwakuhlala abantu abamalunga ne-1400 kwaye uninzi yayingamaYuda. Injongo yokuqala yentsimi yayikukuthotywa kwabemi kwaye bayiguqule ibe ngumsebenzi.
Amabanjwa okuqala ayengaphezulu nje kwe-700 yabapolitiki basePoland ababesele bejongiwe ngabaphuli-mthetho baseJamani abaziswe ngokukodwa kapos, capos, amabanjwa akhethekileyo azalisekise imisebenzi yolawulo kunye nolawulo.
AmaJuda, abezopolitiko basePoland, amafanasini, amabanjwa aqhelekileyo, bawele apha bonke. Inani lihlala lihamba phakathi I-13 kunye ne-16 lamawaka abantu nangona ngo-1942 kwakukho malunga namawaka angama-20 amabanjwa. Basebenza ukusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga ukuya ekutshoneni kwalo e- Umzi mveliso wezixhobo nangenxa yempilo eyoyikisayo kunye nokutya Ukufa kwakuhlala kuphezulu. Ngokucacileyo, kamva ukusweleka kuyakongezwa ngenjongo, ngenxa ye- amagumbi egesi ezafakwa emva kowe-1941.
E-Auschwitz I bekukho neelebhu ezimbalwa, enye yezolimo kunye nenye ephetheyo uphando lomntu nguGqirha MengeleKwaye ngokungathi ayonelanga loloyiko olwalusetyenziswa ngamabanjwa anamalungelo kwaye asebenzisa amabanjwa njengoonongogo.
Ngenxalenye yalo I-Auschwitz II-Birkenau yeyona sonke sicinga ngayo xa sithetha ngeAuschwitz. Kulapha apho amawaka amaYuda kunye neeGypsies zazivalelwa zatshatyalaliswa. Imalunga neekhilomitha ezintathu ukusuka kwelokuqala kwaye inamacandelo aliqela. Kwafika kwikhulu lamawaka abantu. Apha awusebenzi, apha ubhujisiwe kwaye yiyo loo nto Kwakukho indawo yokutshisa umzimba ezinezindlu zamagesi babenokurhaxisa abantu abangama-2.5900 ngokutshintsha.
Abantu basweleke ngokukhawuleza kwaye emva kokujonga imizimba ukuba isuse iziqwenga zegolide baya kwindawo yokutshisa izidumbu. Yonke into njengakwifektri, inyathelo ngenyathelo. Baninzi abantu abadlula apha kangangokuba bekukho iintsuku apho iionti bezinganele kwaye imizimba kufuneka itshiswe kwimililo.
IAuschwitz II - iMonowitz Yayenye yecandelo lesibini kwaye yayihambelana nenkampani ye-IG Farben yokuvelisa irabha yokwenziwa kunye nepetroli engamanzi. Abagulayo okanye ababuthathaka babethunyelwa kwezinye iinkampu ukuze babulawe kwaye ngenxa yoko ujikelezo lwalusisigxina.
Amanani asinika imbali athetha ngantoni ngaphezulu nje kwesigidi sabantu abaswelekileyo apha kwaye I-90% yabo yayingamaYuda. AmaPolish, amaHungary, amaFrentshi, amaDatshi, amaGrike, amaOstriya, amaJamani, kunye namaJuda awayehlala kumaNazi avela kwamanye amazwe awayehlala amaNazi, kunye namabanjwa eSoviet naseGypsy. Enye into: kuphela amabanjwa aseAuschwitz abhalwe umvambo.
Ndwendwela iAuschwitz
Ungayenza kukhenketho namhlanje ejikeleze i-euro ezingama-40 ngokudluliselwa, ukungena emasimini kunye nezikhokelo ezikhethekileyo, okanye nazo ungazihambela ngokwakho ngololiwe okanye ngemoto. Ngololiwe ungafikelela kwisikhululo seOswiecim, esikufutshane, kwaye ukusuka apha uthathe iteksi okanye ibhasi yendawo. Ngebhasi ukusuka kwisikhululo esinye esikwiKrakow esidibanisa ikomkhulu kunye namasimi ngqo.
Indawo yokudlala igalufa ivulekile yonke imihla ukusuka ngo-7: 30 kusasa ukuya ku-2 okanye ngo-7 ebusuku, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Kolu tyelelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubhukishe ngokungena kwiwebhusayithi engqinelanayo (visitauschwitz.org) kwaye ukhethe usuku lwakho lotyelelo. Nje ukuba ukhethe, ungabhukisha ukhenketho ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Unazo iindawo ezikhoyo kumaqela kunye neshedyuli. Umzekelo, undwendwelo olunesikhokelo ngeSpanish nge-25 kaMeyi ezayo, ngoMgqibelo, lubiza ii-60 zlotys, malunga nee-euro ezingama-14.
Ukhenketho ngokubanzi luvela kwiiyure ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ukuya kwiiyure ezintathu ezinesiqingatha, kukho ukhenketho lokufunda kunye utyelelo lomntu ngamnye lunokufikelela kwiiyure ezintathu ezinesiqingatha. Ukuba ufuna isikhokelo kuya kufuneka wenze isicelo kwaye ugcine ubuncinci kwiintsuku ezintlanu kwangaphambili. Kukho imiboniso esisigxina kubunzima ngoko ke licebo elihle ukucwangcisa utyelelo lwakho.
Kwakhona kukho imyuziyam kunye nesikhumbuzo. Imyuziyam ikwimida yedolophu yaseOswiecim, kwindlela yesizwe engu-933, iikhilomitha ezimbini ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe kwaye kunokufikelelwa kuyo ngebhasi. Ukungena kwezigadi zesikhumbuzo simahla kodwa kufuneka ugcine umnyango kwiwebhusayithi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhokelo kunentlawulo, ngokucacileyo. Kwelinye icala, imo engqonge iAuschwitz I kunye II zinokutyelelwa kunye namaxesha elowo nalowo kuthi.