Ukuba uyathanda iidolophu zamaxesha aphakathi indawo elungileyo yolonwabo IBuitrago del Lozoya, engekude eMadrid nangabo bonke ubuhle beenkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Inyani yile yokuba iSpain inezi dolophu zindala nezintle ezonwabela inkcubeko kwaye zimema ukuba zityelelwe.
Namhlanje emva koko siye ezinyaweni zeSierra de Guadarrama, ukwazi lo masipala isiseko sakhe siphulukene nexesha kwaye asinike sona, ngenxa yeso sizathu, a inkcubeko elilifa lethu.
IBuitrago del Lozoya
Ilali yeyoluntu lwaseMadrid, isithathu kwinani labemi kwaye okokuqala kubuninzi babemi kuba iqulethe ikomkhulu lesizwe. Umlambo i-Lozoya udlula kufutshane, ujikeleze idolophu kwaye upeyinte umhlaba ofanayo ohlala ezintabeni ezintle kunye neenduli, phantse ngaphandle kweencopho kunye namahlathi e-holm oki, beech kunye ne-oki. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, iposikhadi entle kwaye yenye yezona zinto zintle esinokuzibona kufutshane neMadrid.
Ukusekwa kwedolophu, njengoko besesitshilo apha ngasentla, akwaziwa kodwa ezinye izingqinisiso zembali ziyathetha Imvelaphi yamaRoma kungasalanga litye lalo. Kwaye akusekho maxesha aphakathi ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwakhona, kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo iBuitrago utsho ngoku ngexesha lika-Alfonso VI, ngasekupheleni konyaka we-1000.
Ngelo xesha, ukwakhiwa kokuqala kwento eyayiza kuba yindawo yedolophu yaseBuitrago kwakhiwa, kwi-promontory kwigophe lomlambo, phakathi kwamachibi amabini, kanye embindini wentili, phakathi kwe-860 kunye ne-1200 yeemitha ngaphezulu. inqanaba ukusuka elwandle.
NguAlfonso VI oyalela ukuba le dolophu ihambileyo ihlale abantu kwaye yiyo loo nto eyinika amandla kunye nengubo. Emva kwexesha, le mimandla yayiza kudlulela ezandleni zosapho lukaGonzález de Mendoza ngokomyalelo ka-Enrique II, kwaye ekugqibeleni babeya kuba ngabaphathi besihloko seDukes of the Infantado. Kodwa Injani idolophu yaseBuitrago del Lozoya?
Kulungile Inenxalenye endala, ebizwa njalo david, elilelona candelo liphezulu lezinto ezingaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelweyo kwaye inokuba isusela kwixesha lolawulo lwama-Arabhu. Kodwa incinci, ke kuba iBuitrago yayisendleleni ebalulekileyo yokuhamba, kufuneka ukuba yahlutha kungekudala. Yiyo loo nto kwavela ubumelwane bangaphandle, obunye kunxweme lomlambo, obizwa ngokuba yiAndarrío, kunye nolunye kwicala elingasezantsi elaziwa njengeSan Juan.
Uyilo lwasezidolophini, olubandakanya iipariti ezininzi, sinokubona nanamhlanje. Ezona zakhiwo zibaluleke kakhulu okanye zityebileyo zisusela kwixesha losapho lakwaMendoza amandlaOko kukuthi, inkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu neshumi elinesithandathu. Emva kwedolophu encinci yayiza kutshintsha de kufike uhlaselo lukaNapoleon olwaluza kutshisa iindonga kunye nomphakathi wayo. Kuyafana, ngokubhujiswa kunye nokungakhathalelwa, kuya kwenza inkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ikakhulu ngemfazwe yamakhaya.
Ngo-1931 kwavalwa indawo ebiyelweyo Isikhumbuzo seLizwe kwaye ukusukela ngo-1993 lonke iziko lembali liqwalaselwa Imbali -Izinto zobugcisa kunye nokulungelwa kwenkcubeko.
Yintoni ongayibona eBuitrago del Lozoya
Ewe, izinto zokuqala kuqala: indawo ebiyelweyo Yiparele enemvelaphi yamaSilamsi eyaqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye, ngethamsanqa, iphinde yakhiwa. Idonga hamba i-800 yeemitha kwaye une Iindlela ezimbini zokuhamba, omnye uphakeme kwaye omnye uphantsi. Indlela esezantsi yokuhamba ihambelana nomlambo kwaye ziimitha ezimbini ubukhulu kwaye zingaphantsi kweemitha ezintandathu ukuphakama. Ayinanto, ayikho inqaba, kunye ne-buttresses.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, indlela yokuhamba ephezulu ibaleka kumazantsi-ntshona kunye nakumazantsi eludongeni. Kubude beemitha ezili-16 kwezinye iindawo kwaye kwi-avareji yeemitha ezilithoba ukuphakama. Le inayo umjelo wamanzi, iiturrets, inqaba, alcazar, ibhabhaniya kunye nekoracha. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, iinqaba zifike phantse ngokupheleleyo, zebarbican kuphela icandelo elineenqaba ezithile esele, zomjelo ngokufanayo kodwa kuyafuneka ukuqaqambisa imeko egqwesileyo yolondolozo iqokobhe, yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kwilizwekazi liphela.
Okwesibini ngu Inqaba yaseBuitrago. Ekuqaleni inqaba, ubume bokwakha esibubonayo bobona IsiGothic - Mudejar kwaye isusela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Inendawo entle yomngcelele embindini, uyilo oluxande kunye neenqaba ezisixhenxe ezintle ezahlukileyo omnye komnye. Ngaphaya kwenqaba, esi sakhiwo sikwasebenza njengebhotwe, kungoko ingaphakathi laso lineenkcukacha ezisemgangathweni kumasilingi nakumsebenzi wokutyabeka.
Intsapho yakwaMendoza, ngenxa yabo, yanika idolophu izakhiwo ezixabisekileyo. Enye yazo yi Indlu yeHlathi, indlu yozonwabisa yosapho eqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe kwaye bexelisa izindlu zemveli zase-Itali. Namhlanje ikwimeko embi kakhulu kwaye kuya kufuneka uhambe iikhilomitha ezimbini ngaphandle kwedolophu ukuze uyibone kodwa inento yayo. Babekwanoxanduva lwe Icawa yaseSanta María del Castillo, ukusukela ngonyaka we-1321.
Yitempile elula ene-nave enye kodwa inqaba yayo iphezulu kwaye ikwisitayile seMudejar. Namhlanje kunqabile okuncinci kweli bandla, i-portal, ezinye iindonga kunye nenqaba, kuba yatshiswa ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya. Zonke ezinye zibuyisiwe. Kwelinye icala yi I-Bridge ye-Arrabal owela umlambo kwaye udibanisa indawo ebiyelweyo kunye nesithili esidala saseAndarrío. Wayeyazi indlela yokusebenza njengomsele wamanzi kwaye ungaphantsi okanye ungaphantsi.
Okokugqibela, singathetha malunga Imyuziyam yasePicasso. Umgcini weenwele wegcisa, ekwangumhlobo, wayeyinzalelwane yaseBuitrago kwaye wanikela ngemisebenzi yakhe edolophini. Imyuziyam ivulwe ngo-1985 kwaye inemisebenzi engama-60 kubandakanya imizobo, iiseramikhi kunye neprints. Namhlanje inika ukhenketho olukhokelwa simahla kuyo yonke imiboniso yethutyana. Ezi ngeeCawa, ngaphandle kwa-Agasti, ngo-12 emini.
Kodwa iBuitrago del Lozoya yaziwa ngokuba yiyo imithendeleko yonqulo ke ithuba elihle lokuzula kunqabile Iikhilomitha ezingama-75 ezahlulahlula iMadrid yeyamaholide.
Ukusukela emva kweminyaka yoo-80, abahlali balungiselele indawo ethandwayo Ukuphila uBhelen apho abantu abangaphezulu kwama-200 bethatha inxaxheba kwaye iindawo ezininzi ziphinda zenziwe kwiindawo zedolophu. Oku kuye kwatsala abantu abaninzi ke kuye kwaba umcimbi omkhulu wabakhenkethi.
Kukho i Corpus Christi, imithendeleko yoMama wethu woNyuko kunye noMthendeleko weSan Roque. Idolophu ikwaququzelela imibala ixesha eliphakathi ukusukela ngo-2001. Yenzeka kwimpelaveki yokuqala kaSeptemba kwaye amawakawaka abantu azokukhumbula ixesha elidlulileyo kunye namasiko alo. Yonke into ijikeleze kumculo, i-gastronomy, iholo yemidlalo yeqonga kunye nezitali ezibekwe kwezo zitrato zindala.
Njengoko ubona, ngaphantsi kwekhulu leekhilomitha ukusuka eMadrid unekona yedolophu ekufuneka uyazi.