Siza kuthetha nawe kweli nqaku malunga eyona cathedral inkulu ehlabathini. Kodwa, ukuze ugqibezele umkhokeli wakho wabakhenkethi wokundwendwela iitempile ezinkulu nezimangalisayo, siya kukhankanya ezinye zezakhiwo zonqulo ezilandela eso ngokobungakanani. Nangona kunjalo, into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenze kukucacisa umahluko phakathi kweCathedral kunye neBasilica. Kungekudala uya kuqonda ukuba kutheni.
Zombini zizakhiwo zonqulo ezifumana elo gama kwi ubaba. Kodwa, ngelixa eyesibini iyitempile enexabiso elikhulu ngokwembali kumaKristu (ngamanye amaxesha lulwakhiwo lwaseRoma), i-cathedral kuba yonyulwa njengesihlalo sedayosisi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yobubhishophu. Kwelinye icala, zonke iicathedrals zinesihloko esithi basilicas ezincinci, ngaphandle kwaleyo ye USt. John Lateran, kwi eRoma, endala. Kwaye oku kubalulekile kuba, ukukuxelela ngeyona cathedral inkulu emhlabeni, kufuneka sahlule phakathi kwezi ntlobo zombini zeetempile. Oko kukuthi, ukuba sithetha nge-basilicas, enye, ngelixa, ukuba sithetha ngee-cathedrals, iya kuba yenye.
Peter's Basilica eVatican
I-Basilica yaseSt. Peter kunye neveranda kaBernini
Inene, icawa edumileyo yaseVatican yeyona cawa inkulu ehlabathini, ingekho ngaphantsi kwe 20 square metres, yaye ukwakhiwa kwayo kwathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Yakhelwe endaweni endala icawa ye-consinine, apho, umzekelo, ICharlemagne Wathweswa isithsaba sokuba nguMlawuli Ongcwele waseRoma. Kwaye, ke, kulapho kukholelwa ukuba wangcwatyelwa khona San Pedro.
Uyilo lwayo lubangelwa ikakhulu Michelangelo, nangona abaculi abaphambili bexesha basebenza ekwakhiweni kwayo. Phakathi kwabo, Twine, Raphael Sanzio, Bernini o Giacomo Della Porta, umfundi wokuqala. Phakathi kwabo bonke, bakha isakhiwo sendlela yokuvuselela ngokungathandabuzekiyo, nangona iquka izinto zeBaroque.
Ngokunjalo, bakha itempile ngokobungangamsha baloo ndawo nokubaluleka kwayo. Ilinganisa ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini eemitha ubude kwaye malunga nekhulu elinamashumi amathathu ubude, nto leyo eya kukunika umbono wemilinganiselo yayo. Ngoko ke into yokuba yeyalowo kuthiwa umyalelo omkhulu, isitayile soyilo esibonakaliswe, ngokuchanekileyo, ngokukhulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, iikholomu ze-facade eziphambili zifikelela kumabali angaphezu kwamabini.
Ngokukodwa, bafaka isango lokungena kunye nento ebizwa Ibhalkhoni yeeNtsikelelo kuba kulapho uPope emi khona ukubanika. Kule nto kukho umsebenzi omkhulu woncedo oluphezulu Bounvicino kwaye, ngaphezulu, i-pediment enkulu. Kwindawo engasentla kukho igumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba elineefestile ezinkulu ezisibhozo phakathi kweepilasta. Kwaye, ukuthwesa isithsaba kulo mgangatho, kukho i-balustrade enemifanekiso eqingqiweyo elishumi elinesithathu ngaphezulu kweemitha ezintlanu ukuphakama. Bamele uKristu, uYohane uMbhaptizi kunye nabapostile abalishumi elinanye. Ulahlekile, ngokuchanekileyo, uPeter oNgcwele, omfanekiso wakhe, kunye noSaint Paul, ekungeneni kwe-basilica. Ekugqibeleni, i-dome enkulu phezu kwe-ambulatory izithsaba itempile. Yeyona inde ehlabathini phantse ikhulu elinamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe eemitha kwaye ikhazimla ngobungangamsha bayo malunga namashumi amane anesibini ububanzi.
Ngaphakathi kweSaint Peter's Basilica
I-Baldachin yaseSan Pedro, ngaphakathi kweyona ndawo inkulu ye-basilica emhlabeni
Uya kufumana nombono wemilinganiselo yale tempile imangalisayo ukuba siyakuxelela ukuba inakho izibingelelo ezimashumi mane anesihlanu, neshumi elinanye leengcwele zihonjiswe ngemisebenzi yobugcisa emangalisayo. Iqulathe iinave ezintathu ezahlulwe ziintsika ezinkulu. Esona sisembindini sigqunywe yivault enkulu yomphanda kwaye inomgangatho webhastile oza kutsala amehlo akho. Kuba iquka izinto zetempile yamandulo. Ngokomzekelo, i-disk porphyry ebomvu evela eYiputa apho uCharlemagne waguqa khona. Kwaye nakwimizobo enomtsalane ehombisa umphezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwee-arches kukho imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yobuhle kwaye, kwiintsika, i-niches yendlu yemifanekiso yabangcwele abangamashumi amathathu anesithoba. Ekugqibeleni, ecaleni komjikelezo we-nave kukho umbhalo onobumba beemitha ezimbini ukuphakama.
Ngokumalunga ne-nave ye-Epistle, ngasekunene kweyangaphambili, inezindlu ezininzi zeecawa. Eyokuqala igcina i Ukuhlonela uThixo de Michelangelo kwaye ilandelwa yile yaseSan Sebastián, isilingi yayo ihonjiswe ngemizobo ye UPietro da Crotona nalapho ingcwaba likaJohn Paul II likhona. Imisebenzi eqingqiweyo iyalandela Bernini kunye necawa yoMthendeleko oNgcwele, enomnyango oyilwe ngu Borromini.
Kwelinye icala letempile kukho indawo yeVangeli, kunye neecawa ezimangalisayo. Phakathi kwazo, lowo woBhaptizo, umsebenzi we UCarlo Fontana, leyo yeNgcaciso, apho kungcwatyelwe khona iSanta Pius X, okanye eyeKwayara, kunye nesibingelelo soMzimba ongafezekanga.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, emva kokudlula kwi-transept okanye i-perpendicular nave apho izibingelelo zaseSan Wenceslao, iSan José kunye neSanto Tomás zikhona, uya kufika kwindawo yokuhambisa izigulane. Imifanekiso yabantu abakhulu beCawe iyayihombisa le nto kwaye inezibingelelo ezininzi. Phakathi kwazo, ezo zeNgelosi eNgcwele uMichael, iSaint Petronila kunye neNavicella.
Ekugqibeleni, kwi-presbytery okanye inxalenye eyandulela isibingelelo esikhulu, uya kufumana Usihlalo weSaint Peter, itrone yesikhumbuzo kaBernini equka oko, ngokutsho kwentsomi, yayingusihlalo we-episcopal weSaint Peter. Kwaye kwitransept kukho isibingelelo sikapopu phantsi kwe I-baldachin ye-Saint Peterneentsika zayo zobhedu eziziimitha ezimashumi mathathu ukuphakama.
ISanta María de la Sede y de la Asunción de Sevilla, eyona cawa inkulu ehlabathini
I-Seville Cathedral, inkulu ehlabathini
Ngoku, ngokwenene, siza kuthetha nawe malunga nokuba, ngokungqongqo, eyona cathedral inkulu ehlabathini. Le yile iseSeville, yabhengezwa Ilifa lehlabathi kunye kunye 11 square metres Ngomphezulu. Yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX phezu kwe-mosque endala, apho izinto ezimbini eziphawuleka kakhulu ziye zagcinwa.
Njengoko usenokuba uqikelele, sithetha malunga igiralda, eyayiyiminaret yayo, yaye ingentle kangako Intendelezo yemithi yeOrange. Ekwakhiweni kwecathedral basebenza into ebizwa Master Carlin (uCharles Galter), umFrentshi owayesele esebenza kwiicawa zamaGothic eFransi, Diego de Riano, UMartin de Gainza, Asensio de Maeda y Hernan Ruiz.
Le eseSeville ikwayiGothic, nangona inamalungu eRenaissance. Ikakhulu imalunga ne Indlu yasebukhosini, la Ubungcwele obuphambili kunye Indlu yesahluko. Kwinxalenye yayo, ICawa yoMnquba, efakwe kwicathedral kunye nomsebenzi we Miguel de Zumarragayibaroque.
Kwi-façade yayo esentshona, itempile inamasango amathathu anomtsalane. i ye Ubhaptizo, kunye nemibhalo-ngqangi yalo kunye neetraceries, ifumana elo gama ngenxa yokuba iqulethe isiqabu soBhaptizo lukaKristu kwi-tympanum. ye ukucinga, embindini, yayihonjisiwe, eyayisele ikwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, inemifanekiso yabapostile eyenziwe ngu. URicardo Bellver. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba San Miguel Iqulethe umboniso wokuZalwa kukaKristu kwaye inemifanekiso emininzi yeterracotta.
Ingaphakathi leCathhedral yaseSeville
Ikwayala ebalaseleyo yeCathedral yaseSeville
Eyona cathedral inkulu ehlabathini isasazwe kwiinave ezintlanu ngaphandle kwe-apse okanye i-ambulatory, ubuncinci ngendlela engqongqo. Kuba isityalo sayo sinoxande, sinemilinganiselo yeemitha ezili-116 ubude nama-76 ububanzi. I-nave esembindini inde kunezinye kwaye ibandakanya ezinye izakhiwo ezibini: i choir, namalungu ayo amakhulu, kunye I-Chapel enkulu trellised Le yokugqibela ikwisitayile seRenaissance kwaye isibingelelo sayo silitye elinqabileyo lobugcisa apho unokubona umzobo we Intombi enyulu yeKomkhulu yabhalwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu. Ngokunjalo, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaKristu ebethelelwe emnqamlezweni, oyiGothic, ubalasele kule nkonzo.
Kwelinye icala, i-cathedral yaseSevillian inezinye iicawa ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo nanjengomzekelo, siya kukhankanya ezixabisekileyo Iicawa zeAlabaster, ezibizwa ngokuba zenziwe ngale nto kwaye ngenxa yokuba Diego de Riano y UJuan Gil de Hontañón. Kodwa kunye I-Chapel ye-Incarnation, ze Engcwele uGregory, ze San Pedro okanye UMarshal's.
Enye into eya kutsala ingqalelo yakho kweyona cathedral inkulu emhlabeni iglasi yayo entle enemibala. Ingaphezu kwamashumi asibhozo, edalwe phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine kunye namashumi amabini. Ezinye ngenxa yamagcisa abalaseleyo njenga Arno of Flanders, UHenry waseJamani o UVincent Menardo.
ICathedral Treasury
Amaqhekeza kaNondyebo weCathedral yaseSeville
Ekugqibeleni, siya kukuxelela ngeCathedral Treasury, onokuyibona kwimiboniso kumagumbi amaninzi. Ibandakanya imizobo emininzi, ii-tapestries kunye ne-relics. Phakathi kweyangaphambili, kukho imisebenzi yamagcisa abalaseleyo IPacheco, Zurbanan, UMurillo o Valdes Leal. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwazo zonke iinxalenye zayo, ubungangamsha be Ukugcinwa kwe-Arfe, enemizimba emihlanu kwaye ithweswe isithsaba ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo woKholo kunye necandelabrum eqaqambileyo yobhedu okanye itenebrio ngaphezu kweemitha ezisixhenxe ukuphakama.
Ngokunjalo, ineempahla ezingcwele, iminqamlezo yomngcelele, ii-reliquaries, iilokhwe zenkonzo kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zesibingelelo. Ide ibe neziqwenga ezinxulumene nokoyiswa kweSeville nge UFerdinand III eSanto. phakathi kwazo, ikrele lakhe, nebhanile yakhe, nezitshixo zomzi.
Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise eyona cathedral inkulu ehlabathini. Kodwa sikuxelele kwakhona malunga neBasilica yaseSan Pedro, edlulayo ngobukhulu. Kwaye, ukugqiba, sifuna ukukhankanya ezinye iitempile ezinkulu zamaKristu eziya kuthi zikwangezelele ngobukhulu kunye nobuhle bazo. Sithetha ngezinto ezimangalisayo Burgos Cathedral, nezikwemitha ezili-12 276; ye I-Basilica yeNenekazi lethu le-Aparecida, kwilizwana laseSão Paulo (eBrazil), elinabali-12 000; ye ICathedral kaYohane oNgcwele, kwi ENew York, kunye 11 square metres kunye edumileyo Duomo yaseMilan, edlula i-11 square metres.