Ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba eyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni yi-Everest ... kodwa uyazi? yintoni eyona ntaba iphakamileyo eYurophu? Ingaba u INtaba iElbrús Kwaye nangona ingoyena uphakamileyo kuzo zonke iincopho zaseYurophu, i-Everest ibetha ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingamawaka amathathu. Umangalisa!
Ewe namhlanje siza kugxila kwiNtaba i-Elbrús, iphi, injani, yenzeke nini, ukuba inokwakheka nini, njani kwaye njani. Thatha injongo!
INtaba iElbrús
Kukumda wendalo phakathi kweYurophu neAsia, ii-Urlaes Mountains, kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, kufutshane nomda neGeorgia eselumelwaneni. I-Urals ayisiyonto enkulu, ayiphezulu kakhulu kodwa iincopho ezinobumnene ezisasazekayo namhlanje phakathi kweRussia neKazakhstan, kwiikhilomitha ezingama-2500 XNUMX.
AmaElbrús Yintaba enemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo kwaye ineencopho ezimbini, enye ingaphezulu kwenye. Incopho ephezulu ifikelela 5.642 mitha kwaye olunye umphezulu luphantsi ngokulambisa kunye nalo 5.621 mitha. Eyokuqala isentshona kwaye eyesibini iye empuma kwaye bobabini banyuka okokuqala kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, eyeyona iphantsi ngumhambi waseRussia ogama lingu Khachirov kunye nelona liphezulu liqela laseBritane.
Yintaba leyo igqunywe ngumaleko womkhenkce kwaye ikwanamashumi amabini anesibini umkhenkce. Indawo apho intaba iphawula khona intlanganiso phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini eetekoniki, iArabia kunye ne-Eurasian, ngenxa yoko iyathandeka kwiinyikima. Isiphoso sinzima kwaye sinzima kwaye njengoko sihamba emacaleni kukho phantse akukho mlilo, ukuze ii-Elbrús zinemvelaphi ye-volcanic zinqabile.
Ngokwezifundo zejoloji, iNtaba iElbrús yaqala ukwenza iminyaka elishumi yezigidi eyadlulayo ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo, nangona ugqabhuko olukhulu lokugqibela lubonakala lwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-700 amawaka eyadlulayo. Namhlanje okushiyekileyo kuko konke oko kungalawuleki kubuthathaka fumaroles kunye namabali eentsomi zamaGrike ezichaza indlela uZeus abopha ngayo uPrometheus apho ngenxa yokuba umlilo woothixo ukuze awunike umntu.
Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni zenyakatho yomhlaba, apho intaba ikhoyo, iintsuku zinzima ukwenza intaba. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwi-avareji yesiqingatha seentsuku libalele nangona inokuba yindawo enomoya. Xa udlula kumawaka amane eemitha ukuphakama, izinto ziyatshintsha kwaye iba yiarctic ke awufuni ukucinga ukuba kunjani ebusika ukuba kunje ehlotyeni. Ewe, nanamhlanje izitalato zaseChicago, thabatha ngo-50ºC.
Kwithambeka elingasemantla kukho amahlathi ompayini, uthuthu kunye ne-birch kunye ne-hawthorn amagqabi esilivere. Kwinqanaba le-subalpine kukho iintyatyambo zasendle kunye nengca kunye namatyholo amhlophe rose «odumileyo weAlps» odumileyo. Xa ukuphakama sele kungathathelwa ingqalelo njenge-alpine, phakathi kwamawaka amabini anesithathu eemitha zokuphakama, kukho iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye nengca engaphezulu. Kwicala lasezantsi, kwicala layo, kukho amasimi uthuthu, i-beech kunye neemephu, amakhowa kunye namaqunube.
Phakathi kweentyatyambo ezininzi zihlala Iibhere, iichamois, iimpuku, oonomatse, izele, iimpungutye, ingqawa, ingulube yasendle kunye nexhama, Ukwengeza kwi iihagu, iinkozi zasebukhosini kunye ne-imperial kunye ne-grouse.
Ndwendwela iNtaba i-Elbrús
Ngokomgaqo, kufuneka ube nomdla wokunyuka kuba uninzi lwabatyeleli bayo bayakhwela bazimisele ukuphumeza into efanayo neyaseRussia kunye neqela laseBritane elifikelele kwiincopho zalo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
El ukunyuka intaba kunye nokunyuka baqala ukuthandwa kwiminyaka yolawulo lweSoviet. Nditsho phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-50 iqela lamadoda angama-400 lanyuka intaba ukuya kuphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-400 ngokuchanekileyo kwesihlomelo sommandla ozimeleyo waseKabardia Balkaria, kulapho kanye intaba ikhethekileyo. Ke, phakathi kwee-60s kunye nee-70's, zazakhiwa iimoto zentambo ezifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-3.800 kwaye neendlela ezininzi zokunyuka zalandelwa.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho eyona ndlela ithandwayo kunye neyona ithandwayo engenayo i-glacier crevasses kwaye inyuka iqonde ngqo kwicala apho ikhoyo imoto yekhebula. Le yindlela ezalisa ehlotyeni kwaye nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nokufa okungaphezulu kweshumi ngonyaka phakathi kwabo benza umzamo. Ngaba yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nebalekayo, ngokuyinxenye yimoto yekhebula kodwa nangokonyusa izitulo ezisebenza ukusukela kusasa kude kube semva kwemini.
Ukulandela le ndlela kuqinisekisa ukuba ubuyile uzothatha isihlalo sokugqibela, kwaye ukuba konke kuhamba kakuhle kuya kugqitywa malunga neeyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe zokunyuka, uhlala ucinga ngengqungquthela yasentshona. Ukuhla kuthatha kancinci, kodwa kungathatha iiyure ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu. Ngokwenyani, amaxesha axhomekeke kwindlela ekhethiweyo ewe ewe, ngokuchaseneyo ukhetha indlela esemantla uya kubona izixhobo ezingaphantsi kwezobuchwephesha kwaye uya kuba nobomi bokukhempisha, kodwa kwangaxeshanye uya kubona umhlaba ongaphezulu.
Namhlanje kukho iiarhente ezininzi ezinikezela ukunyuka iNtaba i-Elrbús. Omnye wabo, umzekelo, une Iphakheji yeklasi yeentsuku ezili-14, enye ebandakanya ukuskiya, enye yokugweba Iintsuku ezilishumi elinanye Kwaye kuyinto efana nokucacisa kwaye ibandakanya ukunyuka kweNtaba iKilimanjaro ngokunjalo. Yabalandeli Yenye yeengqungquthela ezisixhenxe ezidumileyo zehlabathi. Iiarhente ngokubanzi zilandela indlela elula esemazantsi kwaye zenza phakathi kwesihlanu ukuya kwisithandathu ukunyuka ngexesha lonyaka phakathi kukaMeyi no-Agasti, ehlotyeni.
Ngokubanzi ufika ngenqwelomoya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya esikufutshane, esiseMineralnye Vody, sihlala sidlula eMoscow, kwaye ukusuka apho uthathe i Ibhasi encinci kwintlambo entle yaseBaksan kuhambo olumalunga neeyure ezine. Kukho iihotele ezikufuphi kwaye zonke iihambo zibandakanya iintsuku zokuqhelana nokuhamba intaba kwindawo engqongileyo.
Inyani yile yokuba kufuneka ibe luhambo oluhle. Ngaba uyibonile imuvi yeEverest? Ewe, into efanayo. Ukuba unomdla ekuphandeni okungakumbi, iiwebhusayithi ezinjenge-Adventure Alternative okanye i-Mountain Madness zinika uhambo oluya e-Elbrús kunye nemimangaliso yayo.