Iintaba zihlala zinomdla ebantwini kwaye zihlala zingqongwe ngamabali. Iintaba zaseMelika, ezo zeAsia, nezo zeAfrika. Yonke impucuko yakudala ebinentaba kufutshane iyinike indima kwindalo yabo.
Akukho namnye kubo owayesazi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba eyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni yayifihliwe kwintaba yasendle: iiHimalaya. KwisiSanskrit, ulwimi olungcwele lwamaHindu kunye nezinye iinkolo, IHimalaya ithetha Ukuhlala kwekhephu. Kwaye yinkwenkwe leyo, ngaphandle kophahla oludumileyo lwehlabathi.
Iimpawu Kumda ophakathi kweIndiya ne China kwaye udlula eNepal. Xa ujonga kwimephu kwaye usazi into ngembali yoMhlaba umntu unokucinga ukuba amacwecwe amabini etektoni angqubana ukwenza ububanzi Ikhilomitha engama-2400 yeekhilomitha ukuba ecaleni kwendlela yayo yahluka kububanzi kunye neemilo zezinye iintlobo zeentaba ezincinci.
Kwiihealayas imilambo eliqela iyazalwa, kuquka iGanges neIndos, ngoko ngandlel ’ithile ubomi bezigidi zabantu buhlobene nale ntaba iphakamileyo. Imozulu iyahluka kuba uluhlu lweentaba lude kakhulu, ke kukho iindawo ezinemozulu eshushu kunye neendawo ezibandayo ngokwenene, ezinekhephu elingapheliyo.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba uluhlu lweentaba ludala, ewe, lolobomi bomntu kodwa alunabomi basemhlabeni. Ku malunga enye yezona ntaba zincinci emhlabeni. Ngokutsho kweengcali malunga ne-70 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo iplate ye-Indo-Australia yahamba ngokukhawuleza (malunga neesentimitha ezili-15 ngonyaka). Izigidi ezingama-20 zeminyaka kamva le ntshukumo yavala ngonaphakade iTethys Ocean kunye nokwakheka okuxineneyo kwelizwekazi kwaye kwabangela ukuba iintaba zinyuke endaweni yokuwela emanzini.
Kuyamangalisa kodwa le ntshukumo ayimanga kwaye ipleyiti yaseIndiya ihamba kakhulu kangangokuba malunga neshumi leminyaka leminyaka iyakuba ziikhilomitha ezili-10 ukuya eAsia. Kwaye into emnandi kukuba iyenza IiHimalaya ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka ukuphakama kwinqanaba le-5 mm ngonyaka. Ayingomhlaba ofileyo, ngumhlaba osisigxina.
Intaba eninzi kangaka, ikhephu elininzi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo imele ukuba ingaphezulu kwendawo entle. Kwaye kunjalo: emva kweArctic neAntarctica lelona chibi lesithathu likhulu nelibalulekileyo lomkhenkce emhlabeni. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwiikhilomitha ezingama-2400 ubude kukho amawaka ali-15 eengqimba zomkhenkce kwaye oko kuthetha amawaka eemitha zekyubhi zamanzi. Ungasathethi ke ngemilambo kunye namachibi akwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Elona chibi likhulu kwiiHimalaya yiYamdrokTso, eTibet, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-700, kwaye elona liphezulu yiTilicho, eNepal. Ngaphandle kwako konke oku Iintaba zichaphazela imozulu yengingqi ebanzi kakhulu kwaye, umzekelo, ngenxa yobukho bayo kukuba i-mpuma yeAsia ifudumele kuba ithintela ukudlula komoya obandayo ovela emazantsi.
IiHimalaya kunye nenkolo
Zininzi iziza kwezi ntaba zinentsingiselo yenkolo. yamaqela ohlukeneyo. KumaHindu, umzekelo, iiHimalaya sisimntwiso sothixo uHimavat, utata kaParvati noGanga. KwiBhutan Buddhism iintaba zifihla indawo engcwele apho inkolo yabo yayisekwe khona.
Kwiihealayas kukho amawaka eemonki. Ngaphandle kokuya phambili, eLhasa, ikomkhulu leTibet, yiyo Indawo yokuhlala yaseDalai Lama. Namhlanje, lo mmandla ulawulwa yi China kwaye kuya kufuneka ucele imvume yokungena, ukongeza ekusebenziseni i-visa yaseTshayina ehambelanayo.
Jonga nje kwimephu ukucinga oko ezi ntaba zihlala nabantu abaninzi, ukufana kwazo nokungafani kwazo. Banolwimi lwabo, amasiko abo, uyilo, amasiko abo, amasiko abo, iimpahla zabo. Ulwandle ezohlukeneyo.
IiHimalaya kunye neNtaba i-Everest
INtaba i-Everest yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni kodwa unoodade abade kakhulu apha. IiHimalaya likhaya kwiithoba ezona zilishumi ziphakamileyo emhlabeni ke unokufumana umbono olungileyo ngobungangamsha bawo.
Sithe ngasentla ukuba ukungqubana kwamacwecwe amabini kwakha olu luhlu lweentaba kwaye ekubeni ukwakheka komhlaba kwala macwecwe kwakungezantsi, kwavuka endaweni yokutshona elwandle. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-Everest ityhile ukuba linelitye lekalika elwandle ngaphezulu kwalo eliza kanye kulwandle lwangaphambili.
Sikubiza ngokuba yi-Everest, kwimeko ethile ye-Eurocentric, kodwa kula mazwe mabini abelana ngayo anamanye amagama: ibizwa IChomolungma yamaTibet kunye neSagarmatha yeNepalese. Inxalenye yoluhlu lweentaba zaseMahalangur olunqumla omabini la mazwe. Ngapha koko, umda womda udlula ngaphezulu kwe-Everest.
I-Everest Ziziimitha ezingama-8.848 ukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye nyaka ngamnye itsala amakhulu abakhweli beentaba abanqwenela ukufikelela encotsheni. Ngaba uyibonile imuvi yeEverest? Lubonisa kakuhle olu lonwabo, iimvakalelo zalo kunye neengozi. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokunyuka i-EverestEnye iza isuka eNepal enye ivela eTibet. UMzantsi noMntla ngokwahlukeneyo.
Indlela yokuqala yindlela esemgangathweni kwaye nangona ingenzima kangako ngenxa yokunyuka kwayo inzima yimozulu kunye nento eyenzayo emzimbeni womntu. AmaNgesi abengabokuqala ukukhwela i-Everest nangona bengakhange bafike phezulu kwangoko kwaye bafikelela kwi-7 lamawaka eemitha zokuphakama. Olunye uhambo ngo-1922 lwaya kutsho kwiimitha ezingama-8320 kwaye lwaphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo kubudlelwane phakathi komntu nentaba.
Uhambo lowe-1924 lwalufanele ukuba lolo lwafikelela encotsheni kodwa abo banyukayo babesinyamalele kwaye umzimba womnye wabo wafunyanwa kuphela ngo-1999 kubude obuziimitha ezingama-8155, kwicala lasentla. Zonke ezi hambo zazivela kweli cala ukusukela ngelo xesha iNepal yayithintela iinzame kwicala lazo. Ngele ndlela, ngokusemthethweni, incopho yafikelelwa kwi-1953: U-Edmund Hillary kunye no-Tenzing Norgay babengabokuqala kwaye bayenzile, ngeli xesha, ubuso obusemazantsi.
Konke oku kumbono, njengoko benditshilo, i-Eurocentric. Inyani yile yokuba mhlawumbi omnye umntu weza ngaphambili. AmaTshayina ngokwawo athi ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX intaba ibonakala kwimibhalo yabo nakwiimephu.
IiHimalaya kubugcisa
Ngobuhle bayo, ngobungakanani bayo, nobungangamela bayo, iiHimalaya zichaphazele abantu abaninzi, kubabhali, abazobi kunye nasekusondeleni kwexesha, abalawuli befilimu kunye nababhali-skrini.
Ke, sinee-movie I-Everest, iTintin eTibet, uMda oMileyo, iintlelo ezininzi ze Ingcwaba Raider, iminyaka esixhenxe eTibet kunye noBrad Pitt, iinoveli uBukumkani beGolide yeGolide ngu-Isabel Allende okanye uKim, nguRudyard Kipling.