iibhulorho zaseRoma ezidumileyo

Zininzi iibhulorho zaseRoma ezidumileyo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Enyanisweni, amaLatini ayeziinjineli ezinkulu kwaye akha iindawo zokuwela imilambo eziye zahlala iinkulungwane ezininzi. Ngenxa yobungcali bakhe, sisakonwabela ukubona ezi bhulorho kwizixeko ezininzi namhlanje. Kwaye ezinye zazo zisasetyenziswa.

Ngokusengqiqweni, inxalenye elungileyo yezi zakhiwo ifumaneka ngoku Italia. Kodwa kukho iingangamsha kwezinye iindawo ezazithotyelwe phantsi ulawulo lwamaRoma, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, España. Kwilizwe lethu nabo bayalondoloza imisele efana naleyo iseSegovia okanye iintsalela zezinye izakhiwo Latin ezifana Tarragona amphitheatre kunye nezixeko zonke ezifana ne I-Hispalis Seville. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, makhe sithethe ngeebhulorho zaseRoma ezidumileyo. Kwakhona, kwindawo nganye apho bakhoyo, siya kuthatha ithuba lokuthatha ukhenketho olufutshane lwezinye izikhumbuzo zabo.

Ibhulorho yaseRoma yaseAlcantara

Siqala ukhenketho lwethu lweyona ndawo idumileyo eSpeyin. Le yibhulorho yaseAlcántara, ekwidolophu yaseCáceres enegama elifanayo Umlambo waseTagus. Yabhalwa malunga nonyaka we-103 emva koKristu kwaye isabalasele nanamhlanje ngobungangamsha bayo.

Yenziwe ngee-arches ezintandathu ze-semicircular kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokulandelayo, ezi zicwangciswe kwiintsika ezintlanu ezineemilenze eziphakamileyo. Kwakhona, embindini weqonga layo uya kubona i I-arch yeTrajan kwaye ekungeneni kwayo ukusuka kwicala laseAlcántara kukho itempile encinci. Uya kumangaliswa yimeko yayo egqibeleleyo yolondolozo. Noko ke, iye yabuyiselwa izihlandlo eziliqela.

Esi sakhiwo sasiyinxalenye ye ngeNorba, eyayidibanisa indawo kunye ne ELusitania kwaye, ngokulandelelana, ukunxibelelana oku kunye neyona ibalulekileyo Nge de la Plata. Ibhulorho iphantse yangamakhulu amabini eemitha ubude kwaye iphantse ibe ngamashumi amathandathu eemitha ukuphakama.

Kwelinye icala, ekubeni useAlcántara, siyakucebisa ukuba undwendwele ibhulorho yaseSegura, kwakhona ukususela kumaxesha amaRoma, nangona ethobeke ngakumbi kuneyangaphambili. Kufuneka kwakhona ubone iicawa ze ISanta Maria de Almocovar kunye ISan Pedro de Alcantara, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini neyeshumi elinesixhenxe ngokulandelelanayo. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ungalibali ukutyelela inqaba kunye nodonga lwayo olubiyelweyongokunjalo okumangalisayo IConvent yaseSan Benito, kunye negalari yayo entle kaCarlos V kunye ne-cloister yayo.

IPont du Gard de Nîmes

Isixeko saseFransi Izikhathi Yayisisixeko esibalulekileyo saseRoma. Ihlaliswe ngamaLatins malunga nonyaka we-120 BC, bayiguqula yaba liziko elibalulekileyo lonxibelelwano. Ukwakhiwa kwePont du Gard kuwela phakathi kwalo mxholo.

Umdla wayo ophambili ulele kwinto yokuba ayisiyonto yokwakha ezimeleyo, kodwa yenza umdibaniso kunye nokumisela. emanzini ezisa amanzi kuwo umzi. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala emva koYesu Kristu kwaye ifumana igama layo kumlambo ewugcinayo. Iphantse yangamakhulu amathathu eemitha ubude kwaye imalunga namashumi amahlanu eemitha ukuphakama kwaye icwangciswe kumanqanaba amathathu.

Njengomdla wokwazi, siya kukuxelela ukuba yakhiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa udaka. Amatye ayo, amanye anobunzima beetoni ezintandathu, adityaniswe ngentsimbi. Enyanisweni, yayingumsebenzi wobunjineli ontsonkothileyo owawufuna isikafula esintsonkothileyo ukuxhasa isakhiwo ngelixa sasisakhiwa. Nenxaxheba yabasebenzi abaphantse babe liwaka.

Kwelinye icala, ekubeni useNimes, ungalibali ukutyelela ezinye izikhumbuzo zexesha lamaRoma. Phakathi kwabo, i Arena okanye i-amphitheatre, eyakhiwe kwiminyaka efanayo nebhulorho. Kwaye ngokunjalo UMaison Carree, itempile ebukekayo, kunye Inqaba yaseMagna, eyayiyinxalenye yodonga yaye ikwiMount Cavalier.

Ekugqibeleni, sikucebisa ukuba ubone i ICathedral Basilica yeNenekazi lethu kunye neSaint Castor, isacholo samaRoma (naso sineenxalenye zesiGothic) esakhiwe, ngokuchanekileyo, kwitempile yakudala yesiLatini.

ibhulorho yetrier

Le bhulorho yaseRoma yeyona indala eJamani, njengoko imi kwisixeko Trier, ibekwe kwiphondo laseRhineland-Palatinate. Iwela umlambo iMoselle kwaye inomdla wokuba yeyesithathu ukwakhiwa apho ngamaxesha esiLatini. Ngaphambili bekukho ezinye ezimbini ezadilizwayo ukuze kwakhiwe le sinibonisa yona.

Ihleli kwiipilasta ezomeleleyo, ibumba, kunye nezinye izikhumbuzo esixekweni, iqela elibhengezwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi. Phakathi kwezi, unokuzibona kwakhona ukusuka kumaxesha amaRoma anje Indawo yemidlalo yeqonga, Las IiBhafu zasebukhosini okanye Porta Nigra. Kodwa kwakhona kamva njengokumisela Icawa yaseSan Pedro okanye ibandla leNkosikazi Yethu.

Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba, iTrier yayiyenye yamakomkhulu awayebizwa ngokuba likomkhulu itetrarchy. Oku kwadalwa nguDiocletian ukuba akhokele uBukhosi baseRoma ngenkulungwane yesithathu emva kukaKristu. Yaye ifumana elo gama ngenxa yokuba yayinabalawuli ababini abakhulu nooKesare abancinane ababini.

Verona ibhulorho yamatye

Ngokusengqiqweni, ukuba sithetha ngexesha lesiLatini, njengoko besisithi, uninzi lweebhulorho ezidumileyo zaseRoma zikwindawo. Italia. Le yimeko yebhulorho yamatye yaseVerona, eyakhiwe ukuba ijikeleze Adige umlambo. Ilinganisa amashumi alithoba anesihlanu eemitha ubude kunye neemitha ezine ububanzi kwaye ineearcade ezinkulu ezintlanu.

Ngamaxesha amaRoma, iVerona yayineebhulorho ezisixhenxe, nangona ilitye kuphela eliseleyo. Nangona kunjalo, isixeko saseVeneto sikunika ezinye izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo. Umzekelo, ithiyetha yaseRoma kunye nemidlalo yeqonga, ukusuka kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC okanye i Inqaba yesan pedro. Ngokufanayo, ungandwendwela ezinomtsalane Icawa enkulu, egqunywe ngebhastile elimhlophe nelipinki; i inqaba yaseLamberti, ukususela kumaxesha aphakathi, okanye edumileyo I-Basilica yaseSan Zeno.

Nangona kunjalo, iVerona iye yadityaniswa ngonaphakade Romeo y Julieta. Indlu yokugqibela nayo inokutyelelwa, kunye ne-balcony yayo edumileyo, nangona inyaniso kukuba, kulo mzekelo, imbali yayo isekelwe kumxube wefantasy kunye nenyaniso.

Ibhulorho yaseAelian

Phakathi kweebhulorho ezininzi zesiLatini ezigcinayo eRoma le, mhlawumbi, yeyona yaziwayo kwaye, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo. Kwaziwa njenge Ibhulorho yaseSant Angelo kuba yayakhiwe ukufikelela kwinqaba ye-homonymous.

Ngenxa yoko, zombini ezo zakhiwo zagunyaziswa ngumlawuli Adriano kwinkulungwane yesibini emva kukaKristu. Ikwanayo neendawo zokuhlala ezininzi, kodwa eyona nto ichukumisayo ngayo kukuba igqunywe ngebhastile letravertine. Ikwanayo nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yezithunywa zezulu esecaleni kwayo.

Okwangoku, ihamba ngeenyawo kwaye ikunika iimbono ezintle, ngokuchanekileyo, ye inqaba yaseSanta Angelo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, njengoko besisitsho, yenye yeebhulorho ezininzi zaseRoma kwiSixeko saPhakade. Sikwacebisa ukuba ubone i Ibhulorho yaseCestius, i Emilio, i I-Fabricio ngaphezulu kwako konke, i Neronian, edibanisa iChamp de Mars kunye neVatican kwaye nayo iyamangalisa.

Ibhulorho yaseTibheriyo

Ngoku sihamba sisiya kwisixeko sase IRimini ukukuxelela ngeBhulorho yaseTibheriyo, egqitywe ngenkulungwane yoku-XNUMX emva koKristu phantsi komyalelo womlawuli onika igama layo. Wavuswa ukusindisa marequia river ngelitye elivela e-Istria, nangona libonakala lingqongqo ngakumbi kunezinye iibhulorho zaseRoma.

Inee-arches ezintlanu ze-semicircular kunye neendlela ezimbini ezidumileyo zexesha zaqala kuyo: uEmilia, eyakhokelela ePiacenza, kunye i popilia, owayesiya eRavenna. Njengezinye izixeko, le bhulorho ayikuphela kwelitye lesikhumbuzo laseRoma eRimini. Ungandwendwela kwakhona i yemidlalo, ukususela kwinkulungwane yesibini emva kukaKristu, ne IArch ka-Agasti, owawunomfanekiso wobhedu omangalisayo walo mlawuli ngelishwa watshatyalaliswa.

Ngokukwanjalo, iRimini ikunika ezinye izikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo njenge Itempile yaseMalatesta, igama elanikwa icathedral ekubeni yaphinda yakhiwa nguSegismundo Malatesta, kunye inqaba yenyikima, eyabhalwa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu.

Ibhulorho yaseRoma yaseMerida

Sikhethe ukugqibezela uphononongo lwethu lweebhulorho zaseRoma ezidumileyo ezikuyo Merida, isixeko esinelifa lesiLatini elinomtsalane. Ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-790 yeemitha ubude kwaye ine-arcades ye-60. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane yoku-XNUMX ngaphambi kokuba uKristu awele Umlambo waseGuadiana.

Ukukunika umbono wobuchwephesha bobunjineli bamaRoma, siya kukuxelela ukuba yakhiwe kwenye yeendawo apho umlambo ungekho nzulu khona. Ide ithathe indawo yesiqithi sendalo kwaye ezantsi yenziwe nge-diorites, enika isiseko esiluqilima sesakhiwo.

Le bhulorho yinxalenye I-Archaeological Ensemble yaseMérida, elonwabela udidi lweLifa leMveli leHlabathi. Phakathi kwezinto ezimangalisayo eziyenzayo yi yemidlalo, i isekisi, i umjelo wamanzi waseLos Milagros, i Itempile kaDiana okanye I-arch yeTrajan.

Kodwa, mhlawumbi, i-jewel enkulu yesethi yi Iqonga laseRoma, eyakhiwa ngonyaka we-15 ngaphambi kukaKristu ngokwemigangatho yezokwakha Vitruvian. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ayizange ifumaneke de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane edluleyo. Ngelo xesha, yayigutyungelwe ngumhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, emva kokuba ikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo, isabamba i Umnyhadala woMdlalo weTheatre yesixeko saseMérida.

Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise ezinye zeebhulorho zaseRoma ezidumileyo ezisamile. Siye sakubonisa nezinye izikhumbuzo onokuzibona kwiidolophu ezikuzo. Nangona kunjalo, zikho ezinye iibhulorho ezilufaneleyo utyelelo lwakho. Umzekelo, ukuba Salamanca okanye ye ICangas de Onís, ngaphandle kokushiya iSpeyin. Kwaye, ngaphandle kwelizwe lethu, i kwiEurymenton kwisixeko samandulo samaGrike iAspendos, i ye-mysis kwidolophu yaseTurkey yaseAdana okanye nguAquae Flaviae, kwi-Portuguese Chaves. Ngaba ayikholeleki into yokuba ezi mimangaliso ziye zasinda kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kangaka?