Los I-vikings Ngabalinganiswa abaphambili bembali yaseYurophu, kwaye ixesha elithile ngoku bakwimfashini kwakhona kuthotho lweTV olumnandi, Vikings. Oku kutsalele ingqalelo kumazwe ase-Nordic nakwinkcubeko yawo kwaye yiyo loo nto namhlanje siza kundwendwela Imyuziyam yeViking Ship.
Le myuziyam iseOslo, eNorway, kwaye yinxalenye yeMyuziyam yeMbali yeNkcubeko yeYunivesithi yasekuhlaleni. Ukutyelela oko kunyanzelekile ukuba yeyakho iiVikings kunye noloyiso lwabo kuba iinqanawa zangaphambili ezihlala kuzo bubutyebi bokwenene.
IiViking
IiVikings zi Abantu baseNordic abadumileyo eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukusuka kwiindawo zabo zokuphanga. Iimonasteri zazingamaxhoba abawathandayo kwaye ukuhamba kwabo kwashiya uphawu njengoko uhlaselo lwabo lwalunamagazi kwaye lunogonyamelo, nangalo xesha. Ngelo xesha, awona magunya asembindini kwaye anamandla eYurophu ayengekagqibi ukudibanisa, ke ngoko yayikhona imeko yengozi kunye nokungabikho kokhuseleko.
Kodwa ngaphaya kwale forays zasendle kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba Zizo ezinyukayo zabantu baseNorman, kuba uninzi lwabo lwaphela luza kuhlala eNormandy, eFrance. Kwaye sele siyazi ukuba amaNorman ahambe kangakanani eYurophu.
IiViking Babhala zii-runes, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kunzima ukuyiqonda, ke iintsalela zezinto zakudala kunye nesiko lomlomo eziye zavumela ukulandelwa kwembali yayo. Njengokuba babehlala kwijografi engenabuhlobo, batyhalelwa elwandle, ke benza amanzi into yabo kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano ezikhethiweyo. Yiyo loo nto babengoomatiloshe abaphambili kwaye kuthathwa ngokuba babengabokuqala ukufika eMelika.
Ixesha leViking lifikelela esiphelweni ngekhulu le-XNUMX xa ubuKrestu buhlala buhlala kwingingqi esemantla kunye nenkqubo ukwengeza. Ngokucacileyo, akukho nto ifayo kwaye yonke into iyaguqulwa, njengoko besesitshilo ngasentla, baphelela kubantu abanamandla baseNorman, abavela eFrance, befikelela e-Itali, eJerusalem naseKiev, eRashiya.
Imyuziyam yeViking Ship
Le myuziyam inobuncwane abathathu: Ntathu Iinqanawa zokuqala ze-viking owake wahamba ngolwandle. Eyokuqala kubo kwaye eyaziwa kakhulu yi Inqanawa yeOseberg. Esi sikhephe seViking sivela kwingcwaba elifunyenwe kwifama ekwelo gama, eVestfold County. Ingcwaba lalinamathambo amabhinqa amabini kunye nezinto ezininzi.
Inqanawa ukusuka ku-834 AD kodwa iinxalenye zayo zindala noko. Isiduli sokungcwaba sakhutshwa kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Inqanawa yonke i-oki. Ibe 21 yeemitha ubude ne-58 yeemitha ububanzi ngemasti phakathi kweemitha ezilithoba ukuya kwezilishumi ukuphakama ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Inemingxunya elishumi elinesihlanu yemingxunya ngoko kucingelwa ukuba ibikhona Abakhweli abangama-30. Ine-ankile yentsimbi, umva kunye nesaphetha zihonjisiwe ngemikrolo enzima kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba inqanawa ibinokufikelela kumaqhina ali-10 esantya.
Singacinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba le nqanawa yafunyanwa ngaphakathi kwengcwaba ayizange ilubone ulwandle, kodwa oku akunjalo. Zonke iinqanawa zeViking kwimyuziyam zahamba ngenqanawa Phambi kokuba kusiwe elunxwemeni kwaye kwenziwe iminikelo yokungcwaba. Inkqubo yokombiwa nokubuyiselwa kwale nave ithathe iminyaka engama-21 iyonke. Isikhephe kwakufuneka sikhutshwe kwaye somiswe ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa ngokuthe chu, ngaphambi kokuba sikwazi ukusijoyina kwaye silungise iinxalenye zaso ngomthi wokuqala, i-90%.
Uqwalaselo olufanayo lwatsalwa nakwezinye iinqanawa ezimbini zeViking ezigcinwa ngumyuziyam: Inqanawa yeGokstad kunye neTunas Ship. IGokstad yafunyanwa kwingcwaba lasebukhosini elalikwifama engenamagama kumasipala waseSandefjord, ekwindla lowe-1879, ngabaselula ababini. Ukombiwa kwezinto zakudala kwaqala ngo-1880 kwaye kwacaca ngokukhawuleza ukuba indawo ibalulekile.
Kujikeleze inqanawa kwakukho udonga oluziimitha ezintlanu ukuphakama kunye nobubanzi beemitha ezingama-45 ngenxa yoko induli yayinkulu. Udongwe olwalusonge inqanawe lwajikeleza amanqwanqwa amabini angaphezulu kunye nezaphetha kunye nezithuba zangasemva kodwa ngolunye uhlobo zigcinwe kakuhle ngenxa yenkqubo yokubuyiselwa okwalandelayo apho yachithwa khona yaza yahlanganiswa kwakhona.
Enye inqanawa yeViking kwimyuziyam ibizwa njalo Iphenyane le-tuna, ekufanele ukuba yinqanawa ekhawulezayo ethutha abantu ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Kwafunyanwa ngo-1867 kwifama yaseNedre Haugen, kwisiqithi saseRolvsoy, kufutshane neFredrikstad kunye yayiyinqanawa yokuqala yeViking ukufunyanwa nokulondolozwa. Eli ngcwaba lalilikhulu kwakhona, malunga ne-80 yeemitha ububanzi kunye neemitha ezine ukuphakama, yenye yezona zinkulu eNorway.
Ukombiwa kwenziwa ngelixa i-archeology yanamhlanje ingekaphuhlisi iindlela ezininzi, emva kokuba ifunyenwe inqanawa yasuswa ngokukhawuleza okukhuluKe indoda eyayingaphakathi kuye yangcwatywa kwaye ezinye zezinto zakhe zonakala okanye zalahleka. Yeyona nqanawa incinci yeViking ezintathu kwimyuziyam kodwa ithathwa njengeyona inde, phantse ibe ziimitha ezili-19 mhlawumbi.
Kulinganiselwa ukuba yakhiwa malunga nonyaka we-910, kwi-oki, kwaye oko babenabaqhubi abayi-12 kwicala ngalinye. Kwakunokukhawuleza, kulungile kakhulu kwiilwandle ezinoburhabaxa, nangona ngaphandle komthamo obalulekileyo wokuthwala. Kungenxa yoko le nto kucingelwa ukuba inokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa izinto zexabiso ezifana neglasi, amakhoboka okanye izinto ezingabunzima kakhulu.
Utyelelo lweenqanawa ezintathu luyancediswa ngu ubungakanani bezinto ezivela kumangcwaba amathathu abonisiweyo, Kwaye ivule amehlo ethu kwiViking edlulileyo. Ukusuka kwizinto zemihla ngemihla ukuya kwizixhobo okanye izixhobo zonqulo.
Kwakhona, kathathu ngeyure Imyuziyam ibonelela ngohambo oluya kwiViking Age kwifilimu ebizwa ngokuba yiVikings Alive, eqikelelwa eluphahleni lwemyuziyam. IVikigns Alive iqulathe umboniso bhanyabhanya wemizuzu emihlanu kunye neefilimu ezimbini ezibhaliweyo. Okokugqibela, imyuziyam ikwabonelela ngathi Ivenkile yezipho Ungazithenga phi izinto ezikhumbuza izinto, iincwadi kunye nokunye okuninzi. Kwaye ngaphandle kukho indawo yokutyela eyindawo elungileyo yeentetho malunga namava eViking phantsi kwezulu lasehlotyeni.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo lokundwendwela iViking Ship Museum
- Akukho tyelelo lukhokelwe luhlelwe ngumyuziyam kodwa ewe ngabantu besithathu. Unokukhuphela usetyenziso lwesikhokelo sasimahla kwiselfowuni yakho, kwimyuziyam, kuba kukho iWiFi, okanye ekhayeni lakho ngokundwendwela iwebhusayithi.
- Imyuziyam inemigangatho emibini kwaye indawo yomboniso ilungele isitulo esinamavili, Ngaphandle kweebhalkhoni eziphezulu. Umnyango ophambili uyafikeleleka, nangona ucango lunzima. Iminyango esecaleni yeyabasebenzi kuphela. Ngaphakathi kukho ilift wheelchair kunye nezindlu zangasese ezikhethekileyo.
- Imyuziyam Ivula yonke imihla. Ukusuka ngoMeyi 1 ukuya kuSeptemba 30 iyayenza phakathi kwe-9 kusasa kunye ne-6 ngokuhlwa; kwaye ukusukela ngo-Okthobha 1 ukuya ku-Epreli 30 ukusuka nge-10 kusasa ukuya kwi-4 pm. Kuvaliwe ngoJanuwari 1, Februwari 6 no-13.
- Imyuziyam ibiza intlawulo yokungena I-NOK 100 ngomntu omdala kunye ne-NOK 80 ngaphezulu kwama-65s. La matikiti axabisa i-2 x 1, Oko kukuthi, bayakuvumela ukuba ungene kwiimyuziyam ezimbini, enye ye Inqanawa yeViking kunye iMyuziyam yezembali, iiyure ezingama-48. Azithengiswa kwi-Intanethi.
- Imyuziyam iseHuk Aveny 35, 0287 Oslo.