Kukho iindlela kunye neendlela, iindlela ezisihambisa kwiindawo ezintle kunye nezinye ezisifaka kwimbali yokwakha kunye nenkolo. Olu dibaniso lokugqibela yile nto ibizwa ngokuba kukubonelela Indlela yeCistercian, ukhenketho lwezona zininzi iimonasteri ezintle eSpain.
Ayondlela inde kwaye kuqhelekile ukuba abakhweli beebhayisikile bakhethe ukuyenza, kodwa ngokucacileyo, ungayenza nangemoto okanye ngeenyawo. Nokuba yeyiphi indlela yothutho, nantsi yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ukuze uyazi.
Umyalelo weCistercian
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi Umyalelo weCistercian indala kakhulu eweU siseko ubuyela kwi-1098. Ngalo nyaka, malunga UDijon, eFrance, kwindawo eyayisakuba yidolophu yaseRoma ICisterciumURobert de Molesmes waseka i-abbey, ekugqibeleni imvelaphi yomyalelo.
Kwakungumyalelo obalulekileyo ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye ubuncinci kude kube ngamaxesha oQhushululu lwaseFrance umsebenzi omkhulu kwezentlalo. Kodwa umsunguli wayo, u-Molesmes, wayefuna ukubuyela kubomi obulula, ngokuzila ukutya kunye nentlupheko kunye nomsebenzi omninzi wokudibana, ke wafumana indawo yokuhlala yedwa kunye namanqaku eemonki ukuya kufumana i-abbey entsha. Iintsuku zokuqala zazingelulanga kodwa ngoncedo lwamadoda endawo bakwazile ukuphumelela.
Iimonki zaseCistercian ngelo xesha zamkela umkhwa woboya obuhlaza okrwada, ngenxa yoko zaqala ukubizwa "Iimonki ezimhlophe". Ukusuka nge-1112 ukubheka phambili, inqanaba elitsha liza kuqala ngeziseko zenkxaso-mali kunye nokukhula koluntu. Inkulungwane yeshumi elinambini neyeshumi elinesithathu yayiya kuba yileya mini yayo.
Konke oku kwenzekile eFrance kodwa eSpain mabandla amabini o-Cistercian Order, iBandla lase-Aragon kunye neBandla laseSan Bernardo de Castilla. Eli bandla lesibini lalineminyaka yobudala begolide kuyo yonke inkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe kwaye lalinee-abbey ezingama-45, ngelixa i-Aragon inanamhlanje iimazi ezintathu zoonongendi ababhinqileyo nabathathu.
Umzila weCistercian
Le ndlela idibanisa i-Cistercian abbeys ezintathu: I-Monastery yaseSante Creus, enye USanta Maria de Poblet kunye ne IVallbona de les Monges, kumaphondo aseLleida naseTarragona. Umyalelo uye wanda ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye wafika eSpain kunye noloyiso yiCrown of Aragon yamazwe abizwa ngokuba yiCatalunya nueva, de kwaba lelo xesha ezandleni zamaSilamsi. Ookumkani baseAragonese banika iimonki zaseCistercian umyalelo wokuba baphinde bahlale emhlabeni ngokuseka izindlu zeemonki.
I-monastery yokuqala kule ndlela inemibala yile I-Monastery yaseSantes Creus. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kwaye Kuko masipala waseAiguamurcia, Kwiphondo laseTarragona. Kuhlala oothixo basebukhosini Ngokuhamba kwexesha ifumene iminikelo emikhulu eyenze yanobuhle.
Le yoonongendi ukuba akukho bomi boonongendi nanamhlanje. Umyalelo wawushiya ngo-1835 kwaye ngo-1921 wabhengezwa Isikhumbuzo seLizwe. Esi sakhiwo seemonki sinesakhiwo sezinto ezintathu eziphambili: icawe, igumbi layo kunye nendlu yesahluko. Njengama-satellites yindawo yokuhlala, igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala eliqhelekileyo kunye negumbi leemonki. Kukwakho nendawo yamangcwaba, igumbi lezonyango, amagumbi awayehlala iimonki ezidla umhlala-phantsi, kunye neRoyal Palace.
Icawe yagqitywa ngo-1225 kwaye ibonakala njengenqaba. Ine-nave ye-71 yeemitha ubude nge-22 yeemitha ububanzi kunye neendonga eziphantse zaba ziimitha ezintathu ubukhulu. Uyilo lukwimo yomnqamlezo wesiLatin onemithambo emithathu kwaye ineecawa ezisecaleni. Njengoko besesitshilo ngasentla, icawe igcina amangcwaba asebukhosini, lawo ka-King Pedro III wase-Aragon kunye ne-Admiral yakhe ethembekileyo kunye no-King Jaime II wase-Aragon kunye nenkosikazi yakhe yesibini. Imisebenzi emibini exabisekileyo yobugcisa.
Icawe yesibini kwiNdlela yeCistercian yile USanta Maria de Poblet, eVimbodí. Akukho ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 ukusuka ekuqaleni kwaye usezantsi kwehlathi lasePoblet kunye neentaba zePrades. Yeyona ndawo inkulu kwezi monasteries zendlela kwaye yayikwanguthixo wesithsaba saseAragon.
Ikwanalo nexesha lozuko olukhulu, ukwanda nokukhula kunye ne fYayekwa ngo-1835 njengesiphumo se Ukuhluthwa kukaMendizabal, Inkqubo equka ukuthengisa iipropathi zeodolo zonqulo eziqokelelwe kumyolelo kunye neminikelo kunye neendawo zikamasipala ezilahliwe Yayilulwabiwo lukarhulumente lweeasethi ezinenjongo yokufumana imali kwingxowa-mali yoluntu, nokuba kungokuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokuthengiswa kwakhona kwemihlaba kubasebenzi okanye koohlohlesakhe abaza kuhlawuliswa irhafu entsha.
Ngethamsanqa le monastery inokuguqula imbali. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwaqala ngo-1930 kunye neminyaka emihlanu kamva iimonki zabuya. Namhlanje ivulelekile kuluntu kwaye iyi- Ilifa lehlabathi ibhengezwe yiUNESCO. Icawa yayo, ii-cloisters zayo, i-Sant Jordi kunye ne-Santa Caterina chapels, amangcwaba asebukhosini kunye neNdlu ka-King Martín el Humano zezona ndawo zinomdla wokutyelela.
Le yokugqibela ithathwa njengelitye lobugcisa bolwakhiwo lweCatalan Gothic kwaye namhlanje ikwayimyuziyam yeemonki. Kwindawo yeli khaya leemonki singatyelela noMyuziyam weWayini, eVimbodí. Emva koko, emva kokuhamba kancinci iikhilomitha ezingama-25, safika I-Monastery yaseVallbona de les Monges. Yiyo woonongendiNdiyazi ukuba ikumbindi wedolophu uqobo.
Le yindlu yeemonki yomfazi kwi-Cistercian kwaye Isikhumbuzo seLizwe ukusukela ngee-30s. Yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX kwaye ubukhulu becala isitayile saseRoma, nangona ine-Gothic eninzi nayo.
Emva phaya ngonyaka we-1153 iqela loonongendi lagqiba ekubeni lijoyine i-Cistercian Order kumhlaba owawunikelwe yi-Count yase-Barcelona kwaye kungekudala baba nempumelelo enkulu kwizidwangube. Izivumelwano emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yavelisa utshintsho okokoko kwindlu yoonongendi kwafuneka bathengise amanye amazwe angabamelwane ukuze abalimi bakwazi ukuzinza (ezi zivumelwano zazithintela ubukho babantu ababhinqileyo benkolo kwiindawo ezisemagqagaleni), kodwa yayisiqalo eso. yeemonki yangoku.
Icawa iphawula utshintsho ukusuka kwi-Romanesque ukuya kwi-Gothic kwaye inkulu kwaye intle oktagonal intsimbi yenqaba kwisitayile seGothic kunye ingcwaba lekumkanikazi uViolante waseHungary, Umfazi kaJaime I waseAragon. Ungandwendwela indawo yokubambela, amakhitshi, ithala leencwadi, ukuxhomekeka okuhlukeneyo kweemonki kunye iscriptorium.
Intle ngokwenene. Kukho ukhenketho olukhokelwayo ke ingcebiso yam kukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yeemonki kwikhalenda namaxesha alo nyaka nakulo uzayo. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukulala apha kunokwenzeka. Kukho ihostele enamagumbi angama-20 angatshatanga okanye aphindwe kabini aqhutywa zii-monas.
Iindawo ezintathu, indlela efanayo edibanisa imbali, uyilo kunye nenkolo.