Ukuba uthanda uyilo zininzi izakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo olufanelwe ukwaziwa buqu. Photshugo Unayo, umzekelo, izakhiwo ezininzi zexabiso, kwaye phakathi kwezona zaziwa kakhulu zibizwa njalo Inqaba kaBhelem.
Le nqaba yamandulo ikuluhlu lwe Ilifa leMveli ukusukela ngo-1983. Ekuqaleni yayinemisebenzi yomkhosi kwaye use lisbon, dolophu yasePortugal, ke ukuba undwendwela eso sixeko, qiniseka ukuba usifaka kutyelelo lwakho emva kokufunda eli nqaku libanzi ngalo.
Inqaba yaseBelém
Njengoko besesitshilo ngasentla, lulwakhiwo lwemvelaphi yasemkhosini ebekwe khona kwingingqi yaseSanta María de Belém, Inxalenye yeLisbon enegadi ezibanzi kunye neepaki zikawonkewonke kunye neemyuziyam ezininzi. Phantse kwiikhilomitha ezine zesikwere sendawo iqukethe amabhotwe, izindlu zoonongendi, izindlu zonqulo, iicawa kunye nezikhumbuzo ukuze ungazihoyi.
Inqaba ulwakhiwo lwaqala ngo-1516 xa i-Portugal yayilawulwa ngu-Manuel I. Yayiyinxalenye yenkqubo yokhuselo ebanzi apho i-Fort of San Sebastián de Caparica kunye ne-Cascais nayo yathatha inxaxheba, konke kufutshane noMlambo iTagus. Umsebenzi wayo ngokuchanekileyo khusela kubahlaseli abangena ngasemlanjeni.
Imisebenzi kwinqaba yayikhokelwa yingcali kwezomkhosi okhuselayo, uFrancisco de Arruda, umyili wezakhiwo kunye nomzobi wemifanekiso yosapho olusemagqabini lwabakhi, kunye noDiogo de Boitaca, uyilo kunye neinjineli. Bebonke basebenza de kwafika inqaba yagqitywa ngo-1520.
Inqaba inesimbo saseMpuma nesiSilamsi nangona Isitayile seManueline sesona sibonakalisa eyona nto iphambili. Esi sitayile siqhelekile kwilizwe kwaye siphuhlisiwe ngolawulo lukaManuel I wasePortugal. Kuya kuthi, ngokutsho kweengcali, ukwahluka kwesiPhuthukezi kweGothic yaseYurophu, kwaye ngale ndlela iTorre de Belém iphelise ezona nqaba zemveli zerhafu, mandulo.
Inqaba intle ngaphandle, onke amatye, kuba inegalari ezivulekileyo, iinqaba ezimile okwekhaka, ezinye iimboniselo, ngaphakathi isitayile semozarabic, iintambo eziqingqiweyo kwi-façade kunye izinto zendalo phakathi kwazo kuphakame inani lomkhombe waseAfrika kunye nabanye abasuka kumathanga amatsha aphesheya kwezilwandle. Kuthiwa imikhombe yokuqala yafika kweli lizwe ngowe-1513 isuka eIndiya.
Ngaphakathi kwinqaba inesitayile esicacileyo seGothic. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ungena kukho imijelo eli-16 kunye nenkqubo yemingxunya aphoselwa kuyo amabanjwa okanye imingxunya. Ingabonwa njengenxalenye yezinto ezimbini: inqaba ngokwayo kunye nesiseko. Inqaba inamacala amane kwaye inomoya ophakathi, inemigangatho emihlanu phezulu ithweswe ithambeka. Isinyuko esincinci esimxinwa esidibanisa onke amanqanaba kwaye nganye inegama, ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu: igumbi leRhuluneli, Igumbi leeKumkani, Igumbi labaphulaphuli, iChapel kunye neTerrace.
La Igumbi leRhuluneli Inophahla olugciniweyo lekalika kwaye ngalo unokufikelela kwimiboniso. Inkqubo ye- Iholo leeKumkani Inendawo yokubasa umlilo ehonjisiwe, umnyango oya kwi-balcony ejonge emazantsi, kunye nesilingi. Inkqubo ye- Igumbi lenkundla ujonge ithambeka lendawo yokuhlala esezantsi kwaye ineefestile ezimbini ezinamacala ngelixa i Icawa Ngaphambili yayihlala i-oratory kunye noMnqamlezo kaKristu kunye nengubo yasebukhosini.
Okokugqibela, kumgangatho wesihlanu ithambeka apho unombono omangalisayo woMlambo iTagus kunye nechweba lawo lonke kunye nezinye izakhiwo esixekweni ezinje ngeSikhumbuzo seZinto eziFumanekileyo okanye iKhaya leemonki laseJerónimos kunye nendlu yenkonzo.
Kuyo yonke iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu yembali, inqaba ibinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Iinkanunu zazenzelwe ukuzikhusela, iicannon ezilishumi elinesithandathu zizonke, zonke zigungxulile, kwaye umgca wesibini womlilo wawukwindawo yokuhlangana kunye neentsika zayo. Inyani yile yokuba ngaphandle kwemvelaphi yayo yokuzikhusela kuyo yonke iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu yembali iye yanemisebenzi emininzi kwaye kuye, umzekelo, intolongo kunye nendawo yokugcina izixhobo. Kwakuyintolongo phakathi konyaka we-1580 nowe-1640 kwaye kwakukho amabanjwa amaninzi ezopolitiko.
ITorre de Belém, ulwakhiwo lwayo, luyilwe liXesha lokuFumanisa ngokunjalo Ukusuka apha iihambo ezininzi zamaPhuthukezi zimkile ukuya eMelika, eIndiya, eAsia naseAfrika. A) Ewe, luphawu lwesixeko kwaye eminye yemifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo imkhumbuza oko, umzekelo lowo kaSan Vicente, ingcwele yomxhasi yaseLisbon. Ikwanomfanekiso oqingqiweyo wesanta yokuhamba kwaye imikhombe kuthiwa isebenze njengempembelelo kuDürer kowakhe umsebenzi kwisilwanyana.
Umkhombe wavela e-India njengesipho esivela kwirhuluneli yase-India yase-Portuguese esiya kukumkani. Unyawo lwakhe walubeka elizweni ngo-1515 kwaye wayengubhejane wokuqala eYurophu kwisithuba esingaphezulu kwewaka leminyaka. Kwakudume kakhulu kwaye yiyo loo nto ibandakanyiwe kwimihombiso yenqaba kwaye yiyo loo nto uDürer naye wenza indlela yakhe yokucheba iinkuni.
Inqaba inembali engaphezu kwelesihlanu kwimbali ngeli xesha kufuneka ibonwe xa useLisbon. Apha sikushiya ulwazi olusebenzayo kutyelelo:
- Ubicación: Torre de Belém, 2715 - 311, kunxweme, kwintshona yesixeko.
- Ufika njani: ungathatha itramu 15 okanye iibhasi ezahlukeneyo (27, 28, 29, 43, 49, 51 okanye 112. Kwakhona uloliwe, umgca weCascáis, ukwehla eBelem.
- Shedyuli: phakathi kuka-Okthobha ukuya ku-Epreli ivulwa nge-10 kusasa ukuya kwi-5: 30 ngokuhlwa. Ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba iyayenza le nto ukusuka kwi-10 kusasa ukuya kwi-6: 30 ngokuhlwa. Kuvaliwe rhoqo ngoMvulo, ngoJanuwari 1, ngeCawa yePasika, ngoMeyi 1 nangeKrisimesi.
- Price: Ukungena kubiza i-euro ezingama-6 ngomntu omdala kodwa ukuba uhlawula i-euro ezili-12 unetikiti elidityanisiweyo elikuvumela ukuba undwendwele Monastery yaseJerónimos. Ukuba uhlawula i-euro ezingama-16 ungongeza ibhotwe lase-Ajuda. Abo bangaphezulu kwama-65 bahlawula isiqingatha kwaye abo bangaphantsi kwe-12 bamkelwa simahla. Ukuba unayo Ikhadi leLisbon isimahla.