iTshayina lilizwe elihle elineminyaka eliwaka, isityebi kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Kufana nehlabathi elihlukeneyo, kunye neelwimi zalo, imikhosi yalo, i-zodiac yayo, i-idiosyncrasy yayo ... ukuba kulula ukuthetha isiTshayina, ndicinga ukuba kuya kubakho ukuqhuma kwabafundi belo lwimi. Kodwa ulwimi lwesiTshayina luyinkimbinkimbi ...
Masingazisoli, namhlanje kufuneka sithethe ngezikhulu IsiChina.
iTshayina
iTshayina lelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi ehlabathini, inabemi abangaphezulu kwe-1400 yezigidigidi kwaye kuthatha iiveki ezininzi ukugqiba ubalo-bantu lukazwelonke ixesha ngalinye. Ukongeza, okwexeshana ngoku kwaye sibambisene nombono "weenkqubo ezimbini, ilizwe elinye" (ubungxowankulu nobusoshiyali), ibe amandla ezoqoqosho lokuqala.
I-China inamaphondo angama-25, imimandla emihlanu ezimeleyo, oomasipala abane abaphantsi komgaqo ophakathi kunye nemimandla emibini yolawulo ekhethekileyo eyiMacao neHong Kong. Ikwabanga ukuba iTaiwan, njengephondo elinye, kodwa isiqithi sihleli sizimele geqe kususela kwi-Chinese Revolution.
Lizwe elikhulu Unemida kunye namazwe ali-14 y imbonakalo yelizwe yahlukile. Kukho iintlango, iintaba, iintlambo, imiwonyo, amathafa, kunye nobushushu. Inkcubeko yayo yiminyaka eliwaka ukusukela oko impucuko yaseTshayina yazalwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo.
Kwakuxa phantse yonke iminyaka eliwaka yobukho bayo bolawulo lobukumkani, kodwa ngo-1911 kwabakho imfazwe yamakhaya yokuqala eyabhukuqa ubukhosi bokugqibela. Ngale ndlela, ndincoma kakhulu ukubona Umlawuli wokugqibela, Ifilimu ebalaseleyo nguBernardo Bertolucci.
Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe yesiBini kunye nokurhoxa kweJapan kummandla waseTshayina Amakhomanisi aphumelele kwimfazwe yamakhaya kwaye babekwa kurhulumente. Kungelo xesha amaTshayina awoyisiweyo afudukela eTaiwan kwaye aseka ilizwe elahlukileyo, elibangwa ngonaphakade kwilizwekazi. Emva kwexesha kwakuza kuza iminyaka yotshintsho, imfundo yobusoshiyali, iifama ezihlangeneyo, indlala kwaye ekugqibeleni, ikhosi eyahlukileyo eyabeka ilizwe kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Inkcubeko yamaTshayina: iinkolo
Yiyo ilizwe lenkolo apho bahlala khona UbuBuddha, ubuTao, ubuSilamsi, amaKatolika kunye namaProtestanti. Kuba umgaqo-siseko okhoyo uyayihlonipha inkululeko yonqulo kwaye ubaluleke kakhulu ebantwini.
Ezi nkolo zibakho kwizixeko ezininzi zase China, kuxhomekeke kubuhlanga obuhlala apho. Kufanelekile ukucacisa loo nto kukho amaqela eentlanga angaphezu kwama-50 e-China, nangona uninzi ingu-Han, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba inkcubeko yama-China ngokubanzi iwele UbuTao nobuConfucius, ekubeni ezi zintanda-bulumko zisasazeka kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Uninzi lwamaTshayina lwenza isithethe esithile senkolo ethile, nokuba kungokukholelwa okufanelekileyo okanye isiko. Imithandazo eya kwizinyanya, iinkokheli, ukubaluleka kwehlabathi lendalo okanye ukukholelwa kusindiso kuyahlala kunjalo. Okubi nangakumbi, namhlanje ayisiyiyo enye yezi nkolo uninzi kwaye inyanzelisiwe. Bonke, ewe, badala kakhulu kwaye bazizityebi kwaye amasebe awile kubo kuyo yonke indawo.
El buddhism ivela eIndiya malunga neminyaka engama-2 XNUMX eyadlulayo. AmaTshayina ohlanga lwamaHan ikakhulu ngamaBuddha, njengoko kunjalo kwabo bahlala eTibet. Kwilizwe zininzi iindawo zonqulo zamaBhuda ezinje ngeWild Goose Pagoda okanye iTempile yaseJade Buddha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, UbuTao buyinzalelwane yeli lizwe kwaye ikumalunga neminyaka eli-1.700 XNUMX ubudala. Yasekwa nguLao Tzu kwaye isekwe kwindlela yeTao kunye "nobuncwane abathathu", ukuthobeka, imfesane kunye nokungakhathali. Inobukho obomeleleyo eHong Kong naseMacao. Ngokubhekisele kwiindawo zeTaoist, ikwiNtaba iShai kwiphondo laseShandong okanye kwiTempile yesiXeko sikaThixo, eShanghai.
Kukwakho nendawo yoku i-Islam e China, yavela kumazwe aseArabhu malunga neminyaka eli-1.300 XNUMX eyadlulayo kwaye namhlanje inamalunga nezigidi ezili-14 zamakholwa aseKazak, Tatar, Tajik, Hui okanye e-Uyghur, umzekelo. Ke, kukho iMosque enkulu yeXi'an okanye i-Idgar Mosque, eKashgar.
Ekugqibeleni, UbuKristu kunye nezinye iintlobo zobuKristu beza eChina zivela kubahloli kunye nabarhwebi, kodwa yaba ngcono kwaye yamiselwa ngakumbi emva kweMfazwe zeOpium ngo-1840. Namhlanje kufutshane nezigidi ezi-3 okanye ezi-4 zamaKristu angamaTshayina namaProtestanti azizigidi ezi-5.
Amasiko amaTshayina: ukutya
Yithande. Ingaba ndingathini? Ndiyakuthanda ukutya kwaseTshayina, Ihluke kakhulu kwizithako kunye neendlela zokupheka kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba udikwe ziincasa onazo. Into oyaziyo malunga nenkcubeko yokutya yamaTshayina yile Yahlulwe yangamacandelo aneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokupheka.
Ke, sinayo i-cuisine yase-North China, i-West, i-Central China, i-East kunye ne-South. Ngamnye uneencasa zawo, izithako zawo kunye nendlela yawo yokupheka. AmaTshayina ayathanda ukutya kwaye athambekele ekulandeleni okuphawulwe tag. Apho kuhlala khona undwendwe ngalunye kubalulekile, kuba ukuba lundwendwe olubekekileyo akufani nokuba ungomnye. Kwaye kude kube umntu okhethekileyo uziva ukuba akukho mntu uyenzayo. Lithuba lakhe lokwenza i-toast yokuqala.
Ngexesha lesidlo kufuneka uyeke abadala benze kuqala, kufuneka uthathe isitya njengabanye, kukho iodolo ethile eminweni yakho, kulula ukuthatha ukutya kwiipleyiti ezikufutshane nawe ukuze ungazenzi ukuzolula phezu kwetafile kwaye ukhathaze, ungagcwalisi umlomo wakho, thetha ngomlomo wakho ugcwele, ungabeki izinti zokutya ekutyeni kodwa zixhase ngokuthe tye, izinto ezilolo hlobo.
Umhlathi owahlukileyo ufanelekile iti etshayina. Yinkcubeko epheleleyo. Iti iveliswa apha kwaye ityiwe imini yonke, yonke imihla. Ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho kuphela iti emnyama, ebomvu noluhlaza ... uyaphazama! Thatha ithuba lohambo lwakho ukuze wazi yonke into malunga neti. Umgangatho weti ugwetywa ngevumba elimnandi, umbala, kunye nencasa, kodwa umgangatho weti kwanendebe ibalulekile. Ubume bendalo bukwabalulekile, yiyo loo nto kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko-bume, ubuchule, nokuba ukhona na umculo, imbonakalo-mhlaba ...
Kukho ukhenketho olwenzelwe ngokukodwa ukufunda ngembali yeti yase China kunye nefilosofi.
Inkcubeko yamaTshayina: i-zodiac
Zodiac yamaTshayina Ngumjikelo weminyaka eli-12 kwaye unyaka ngamnye uboniswa sisilwanyana eneempawu ezithile: impuku, inkomo, ingwe, umvundla, inamba, inyoka, ihashe, ibhokhwe, inkawu, iqhude, inja kunye nehagu.
Este U-2021 ngunyaka wenkomo, uphawu lwendabuko lwamandla kwinkcubeko yamaTshayina. Kuhlala kucingwa ukuba unyaka wenkomo uya kuba ngunyaka oya kuthi uhlawule kwaye uzise ithamsanqa. Ngaba ikhona imiqondiso ethathelwa ingqalelo njengethamsanqa? Ewe kubonakala ngathi akukuhle ukuzalwa ngonyaka webhokhwe, ukuba uya kuba ngumlandeli kwaye ungabi yinkokeli ...
Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba uzalwe ngonyaka wenamba kungummangaliso. Ngokwenyani, abo bazalwe ngonyaka wenamba, inyoka, ihagu, ibuzi, okanye ingwe ngabona banethamsanqa.
Inkcubeko yamaTshayina: imithendeleko
Ngenkcubeko etyebileyo, inyani yeyokuba imithendeleko kunye neziganeko zenkcubeko zigcwele kweli lizwe. Unyaka wonke, kunye uninzi lucwangciswe ngokwekhalenda yenyanga yamaTshayina. Eyona mithendeleko ithandwayo zezi UMnyhadala ophakathi kwe-Autumn, uNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina, iHarbin Ice Festival, uMnyhadala weShoton eTibet, kunye noMnyhadala weSikhephe soDrako.
Emva koko, kuyinyani ukuba kukho imithendeleko emangalisayo eBeijing, eShanghai, eHong Kong, eGuilin, eYunnan, eTibet, eGuangzhou, eGuizhou ... Ke ngoko, ukuba unomdla wokuba lingqina okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na kuzo, kuya kufuneka khangela ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa usiya.
Ewe iminyhadala engeniswa elizweni Zikwenzeka eTshayina, iKrisimesi ngoSuku lweValentine, uSuku lokuBulela okanye iHalloween, ukubiza nje eyona yaziwayo. Ngethamsanqa kukho iiarhente zokhenketho eziququzelela ukhenketho ngokuchanekileyo kuthathelwa ingqalelo iminyhadala kunye neminyhadala.