iTshayina Lizwe endilithandayo ixesha elide. Indala, ikhethekile kwaye kule nxalenye yeAsia yindawo yokuzalwa kwenkcubeko kuba impembelelo yayo ibinamandla. Namhlanje i-China yinto enkulu eyaziwayo, kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba ayizange iyeke ukuba njalo.
Lilizwe elilodwa, ilizwe elithile, indalo ngokwayo. Yi enkulu kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi kwaye ukuhamba kweenkulungwane kuye kwavelisa enye yeenkcubeko ezicebileyo. Into emnandi kukuba njengezipho esinokuzithatha ekhaya yinxalenye yenkcubeko yezinyanya, ke apha ndikushiye uluhlu lwezona zikhumbuzo zivela eChina, ezo zinokungabikho kwityesi yakho.
Ijade yaseTshayina
UJade ngu izimbiwa ezilukhuni ezinokuba luhlaza okanye zimhlopheUmdibaniso wemagniziyam kunye ne-calcium silicate. AmaTshayina ebesebenza kuwo amawaka eminyaka kwaye kwinkcubeko yabo yile nto ikhoyo igolide kwinkcubeko ye-Inca, umzekelo.
UJade inxulumene nokomoya, isimilo, imigaqo yokuziphatha, isidima kunye nesidima yiyo loo nto yayiqhelekile emingcwabeni okanye kwizithethe zonqulo. Ixesha elingaphezulu laqala ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto kunye nezinto zokuhombisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kunye ne-jade kubonakala: iibhokisi, iicombbs, iicombs, izacholo
Ngaphakathi kwezobugcisa bejade kukho iipateni ezithile: uqalo lumele indlela yokuziphatha, ifeni fan, inyamazane yayisetyenziswa ngamagosa akwizikhundla eziphezulu, idada limela uthando kunye neepesika ezimele ixesha elide, umzekelo. Igolide kunye namatye anqabileyo anokubaluleka ngakumbi, kodwa IsiTshayina, ijeyidi inomphefumlo.
Xa uthenga nayiphi na into yade kufuneka thathela ingqalelo ubumenyebenye belitye, ubumenyemenye, umbala, kunye nendlela edibene ngayo. Ukuba ubona amaqamza omoya ayisiyiyo ijeyidi yokwenyani kwaye ukuba kukho iintanda kufanelekile kancinci. Ewe, ijeyidi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo: akukho maqhuqhuva, akukho luthuli, akukho ziqholo kunye neekhemikhali kuba zichaphazela ukukhanya kwaye ziselangeni ixesha elide.
Isilika yaseTshayina
Isilika ibiyinto exabisekileyo kangangeenkulungwane. Umbungu uvelisa isilika de kube sekufeni, uqikelelo lweemitha ezili-28 XNUMX kwiintsuku nje ezingama-XNUMX. Yiyo loo nto isilika yoqobo ibiza. AmaTshayina aqala ukusebenza ngesilika ngexesha leHan Dynasty kwaye ukusukela kuloo minyaka, indlela edumileyo yeSilika, indlela yorhwebo eyavela e-China yafikelela eYurophu.
Xa uthenga isilikhi yaseTshayina, khangela ezona zithambileyo ukuba unako. Iliso eliqeqeshiweyo lahlula isilika yokwenyani kunkohliso kodwa ngokusisiseko kufuneka ulumke ukuba imisonto ibhityile kwaye inde, yokumelana ngokuphakathi, ngokuqaqamba kodwa hayi kakhulu.
Ungathenga iilokhwe, iitshefu, ibhokisis Ukuhonjiswa ngesilika, izihlangu.
I-porcelain yase China
Enye yezobugcisa zokuqala zaseTshayina zokufikelela eYurophu ngeNdlela yeSilika yayiyeyona porcelain yayo. I-porcelain yaseTshayina yazalelwa kwiklasi yezityebi kodwa yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwiiklasi ezisezantsi ngenxa yayo amandla kunye nokuqina.
Iimbiza zazo zonke iintlobo, iiseti zeti, iibhokisi zosetyenziso ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo zomculo kwaye ezininzi izinto ezininzi zenziwe kwaye zenziwe nge-porcelain. Mhlawumbi elona xesha lidumileyo lobu bugcisa laliphila ngexesha leYan Dynasty, phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, yile iporcelain eblowu kunye nomhlophe. Kodwa ubukhosi nganye izisa indlela yayo kobu bugcisa.
Ungathenga i-100% ye-porcelain yaseTshayina nakweyiphi na yeemarike okanye amaziko okuthenga kunye neebhokisi ezincinci, umzekelo izikhumbuzo ezinkulu zabafazi.
Iikhayithi zaseTshayina
Iikhayithi, ii-kites, njengoko ukhetha ukubaxelela, e-China baziwa njenge zhiyuan y bobona bugcisa budala ukusukela ukubonakala kwayo kwaqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC.Kites zaye zazisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezomkhosi ngokunjalo, kodwa zaye zaduma kuzo zonke iiklasi zentlalo.
Iikiti zokuqala zaseTshayina zi yenziwe ngoqalo kunye nephepha kwaye zinokumila njengenamba, ibhabhathane okanye isinambuzane. Ezi zale mihla zineminye imilo kwaye zenziwe ngezi zinto okanye ngeplastiki kunye nakwimicu yokwenza kodwa zintle nje.
Izibane zaseTshayina
Ngubani ongazange aye kwindawo yokutyela yamaTshayina egcwele izibane zephepha? Zavela kudala, phakathi kwenkulungwane yokuqala neyesithathu, kwaye zazizizibane nje ngaloo maxesha.
Isibane seTshayina zingenziwa ngephepha, uqalo, ukhuni, isilika, iphepha. Babenako kwaye besasetyenziswa ngokwenkolo kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha abantu babazisebenzisa ukuqaqambisa amaxesha ahlukeneyo, kunye nokukhanyisa.
Ngophuhliso lwezinye iitekhnoloji zokukhanyisa zale mihla, izibane zaseTshayina zaba kukuhombisa kuphela. Akusekho sikhumbuzo sodidi. Ewe ngokunjalo, kukho iithotshi zeemilo ezahlukeneyo, Zirhangqwe njengeebhaluni, zinde, zimilise okwenamba. Zithengiswa kuyo yonke indawo.
ICloisonne
I-cloisonne yindala Inkqubo yobusi i-honeycomb esetyenziselwa ukuhombisa izinto zesinyithi. Ivela eBeijing ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu kwaye izinto zobhedu ziyasetyenzwa. Ubuchule buphuculwe ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kwaba bubugcisa obucocekileyo.
Obu buchule inzima kwaye inzima kakhulu: Hlanganisa i-porcelain, i-bronze, ipeyinti kunye ne-invoyisi eqingqiweyo. Namhlanje ziyathengiswa iinqanawa, iivazi, imithombo kunye nezinto zokuhombisa ezahlukeneyo ze-cloisonne kunye ne China ngumthumeli ngaphandle omkhulu.
Iindawo ezimbini ezilungileyo zokuthenga i-cloisonne sisitalato i-Liulichang kunye ne-Wangfujing Dajie Street ye-Beijing..
Izinto zokudlala zaseTshayina
AmaTshayina ahlala esenza izinto zokudlala kwaye zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ezibandakanyekileyo ekwenziweni kwazo. Zizikhumbuzo ezilungileyo kuba ukongeza zihlala zizinto ezingabizi kakhulu. Kukho Ilitye, umthi, i-porcelain, i-wax, i-ceramic.
Kukho izinto ezenziwa ngabafazi ngokwesiko ngamalaphu nangelace, ethi yona ihombise ngamabhabhathane, iintyatyambo okanye izilwanyana, ezihlala zinikwa abantwana. Nazi amanani ahambelana ne-Chinese opera okanye inkolo yamaTshayina kunye neentsomi, kukho ezakudala amaqhina abomvu, Las iibhokisi zomculo, i onodoli kwaye namhlanje, njengezinto zokudlala ezifakiwe zazo zonke iimilo kunye nemibala.
Ngaphandle kwezi zikhumbuzo ezivela e-China zikhona ezinye ezinje abalandeli, izitampu zemveli, amayeza amaTshayina okanye izikhumbuzo ezivela kurhulumente wobukomanisi. Inyaniso yeyokuba iChina yintengiso enkulu ke ndicebisa ukuba ulungele ukuphatha isutikheyisi eyongezelelweyo okanye ubhaka nazo zonke izinto ozithengileyo. Kubiza ixabiso eliphantsi, unokwakhela, kwaye yindawo yokuhlala kwabo bonwabela ukuyokuthenga izikhumbuzo.