Indiya Lilizwe elikhulu elinabemi abangaphezu kwe-1300 yeebhiliyoni, nto leyo elenza libe lelesibini ilizwe elinabemi abaninzi emhlabeni. Laziwa njengelizwekazi njengoko linokwahluka okukhulu kweelwimi, imfuzo, kunye nenkcubeko emva kweAfrika kuphela.
Izigidi zabantu ziyila ibutho labantu elintsonkothe gqitha yaye ukwahluka kubonakala, ngokomzekelo, kwizizwe ezininzi. Bambalwa kuphela ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kwaye bakhuselwe kumgaqo-siseko kwaye siza kuthetha ngabo namhlanje: izizwe zamaNdiya.
Iintlanga zaseIndiya
Ngokwenqaku lama-342 lomgaqo-siseko waseIndiya, okubizwa ngokuba Izizwe ezicwangcisiweyo zezo zizwe okanye uluntu lwezizwe, okanye izahlulo zamaqela phakathi kwezo zizwe noluntu, ezithe zafumana ulwamkelo olunjalo ngurhulumente.
Ngaphakathi kwezi zizwe abaninzi baye baqhela kwaye zidityanisiwe kubomi banamhlanje, kodwa kukho namanye amaqela ubukho busengozini ngakumbi. Namhlanje, kukho ulwahlulo olusemthethweni olwahlula eli qela phantsi kwegama Amaqela ezizwe ezisesichengeni. Loluphi olona lwazi lubalulekileyo malunga nezizwe zaseIndiya?
- Bahlala kumaphondo angama-30. Ilizwe laseMadhya Pradesh line-14.7% yetotali, ilandelwa yiMaharashtra nge-0.1%. Abanye banezizwe kodwa ababhaliswanga.
- Kukho amaqela ezizwe angama-705 abhalisiweyo
- Bamele abantu abazizigidi ezili-104, oko kukuthi, Isi-8.6% sabemi belizwe bebonke, kwaye ngokukhethekileyo bahlala kwiindawo ezinamahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye neenduli.
- ngokusisiseko banjalo izizwe ezikwanti ngokwezelizwe, ngenkcubeko ethile, nge iimpawu zokuqalaunxibelelwano oluncinci kunye noloyiko kunye noluntu olukhulu kunye uqoqosho olusemva.
gond isizwe
Esi sizwe sifumaneka ngakumbi kwi Indiya ekumbindi nakwisithili saseChhindwara saseMadhya Pradesh, kodwa nakwiindawo zase-Abndra Pradesh nase-Orissa. Xa abakhenkethi bencoma, umzekelo, i-stupa ye-Sanchi okanye imifanekiso emihle ye-Khajuraho, isondele kakhulu kwihlathi le-Godi kunye naba bantu.
Isizwe samaGond sisizwe sasemaphandleni, eso hlala kwizindlu ezimibalabalaIindonga zodaka, banxiba iisari kunye nobucwebe, kwaye babhiyozela iminyhadala enemibala efana neMadai kunye neKeslapur. Abayidli imifuno kwaye inyama yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya kwabo.
Isizwe samaBhil
Ngabantu aba uhlala eRajasthan ke ukuba uza kujonga iibhotwe ezintle nezinomtsalane kunye neetempile zaseJain uya kufumana indlela abaphila ngayo aba bantu. Bahlala ikakhulu kuluhlu lwe-Aravali yaseSirohi, e-Udaipur, kwaye nakwezinye iindawo eDungarpur naseBanswara, zombini izithili zaseRajasthan. Abanye bahlala kwezinye iindawo zaseMadhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Triura naseGujarat.
NgoJanuwari noFebruwari, imithendeleko yenkcubeko ebaluleke kakhulu iyenzeka, efana ne Baneshwar Fair, kunye nomdaniso weGhoomar oqhelekileyo kunye nethiyetha yeThan Gair.
Isizwe sikaShanthal
Sesinye sezona zizwe zikhulu kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu eWest Bengal, kwaye zibonwa ngokukodwa kwizithili zaseBankaka nasePurulia, kwiindawo zaseBihar, Jharkhand, Odisha naseAssam. Ukuba ufuna ukubona aba bantu ubuso ngobuso, uhambo lunokuqala eCalcutta, ikomkhulu laseIndiya, ukuya kwiitempile zeterracotta zaseBishnupur naseBolpur.
Esi sizwe si ukufuya isizwe kunye nokufuya iinkomo, nangona bekwangabazingeli abalungileyo. Banomculo omnandi kunye nomdaniso kwaye ngowona unomtsalane kumhambi. Yingakho imithendeleko yayo idume kakhulu: Maghe, Baba Bonga, Karam, Sahrai, Ero, Asaria, Namah, Disum Sendra.
Khasi Tribe
esi sizwe uhlala kwiintaba ezingaqondakaliyo zaseMeghalaya kwaye ngabantu abacula kakhulu abashukumisa amagubu, iziginkci, iifluti, imibhobho yeplanga, amacangci entsimbi…
Kufanelekile ukuthatha inxaxheba Nongkrem Festival, umnyhadala oqaqambileyo weentsuku ezintlanu.
Isizwe saseGaro
esi sizwe yimatriarchal, enye yemibutho embalwa ye-matriarchal ehlabathini lonke. Ubukhulu becala bahlala kwiinduli zeMeghalaya, okanye iindawo ezingabamelwane zaseBangladesh kunye neenxalenye zeWest Bengal, Nagaland kunye ne-Assam.
Kulula kakhulu ukwahlula esi sizwe kwezinye njengoko abafazi bezihombisa ngezacholo zesiNtu kwaye amadoda ethwele iiqhiya entloko ngeentsiba ezininzi. Izindlu zabo zikwabucala, ke qiniseka ukuba uthatha iifoto eNokpante, Jamsireng, Jamadaal okanye Nokmong, kwaye kunjalo, uthathe inxaxheba kuMnyhadala we-Asanang Wangala.
Angami Tribe
esi sizwe uhlala kumntla-mpuma weIndiya, eNagaland. Sesinye sezizwe ezinkulu kulo mmandla welizwe, kunye nobukho obunamandla kwisithili saseKohima. Bangabantu abaziwa ngokuvelisa izinto ze-bamboo, ifanitshala yommoba, iibhedi, kunye neecelemba.
Amadoda anxiba ezimnyama nezimhlophe aze abafazi banxibe izacholo, amacici neeperile. Zombini ziyamangalisa kakhulu. Ixesha elihle lokudibana nesi sizwe lixesha le Hornbill Festival.
Isizwe seHlabathi
Esi sizwe sihlala kakhulu kwiChota Nagpur kunye neJharkhand plateau, West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha okanye Chhattisgarh. Sisizwe esino a ubomi obulula kakhulu, abalandela inkolo yamaSarna kwaye ke, bakholelwa kuthixo obizwa ngokuba nguSingonga.
Imikhosi yayo ebalulekileyo yiMage, iKaram, iSarhul kunye nePhagu, onke amaxesha atsala abahambi abavela kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Bhutia Tribe
esi sizwe ilawula indawo evaliweyo yaseSikkim, kanye kumda weeHimalaya. Bangabantu abaziwa kakhulu ngezithethe zabo, ubugcisa babo kunye nokutya kwabo. Isitya sakhe esidumileyo si umama, amadombolo abilayo azaliswe yinyama.
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuya kule nxalenye yeIndiya kwaye udibane naba bantu lixesha Umnyhadala weLoosong kunye noMnyhadala weLosar, imibhiyozo edumileyo ezaliswe yimibalabala, inkolo, ubugcisa nomculo.
Isizwe samaChenchu
Esi sizwe sihlala amawaka eminyaka UAndhra Pradesh, kwiiNduli zaseNallamala ezinenkungu. Baphila ubomi obunzima, bahlala bexhomekeke ekuzingeleni kunye neemveliso ezibonelelwa yihlathi njengeziqhamo, iingcambu, iintyatyambo, ubusi kunye neengcambu ezahlukeneyo.
Sisizwe esinezithethe ezininzi, emva koko banoothixo noothixokazi abaninzi, yaye ngokusisiseko yiloo nto etsala abahambi ukuba bahlangane nabo.
Isizwe saseKodava
Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi kwesi sizwe kukuvisisana kunye nenkcubeko yaso. Bayawuthanda umculo nomdaniso kwaye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiminyhadala efana nePuttari Festival, iKaveri Sankramana kunye neKailpodhu.
Es esinye sezizwe ezikhethekileyo zaseIndiya, ehlala esaziwa ngobugorha bakhe, kwaye nangona namhlanje ubuchule bakhe kunye nobukrelekrele bakhe bungasenadabi, unokuzibona ngexesha lemfazwe. Umnyhadala weHoki weKodava. Ewe, ihoki! Bobabini amadoda nabafazi bayawuthanda lo mdlalo.
Isizwe saseToto
Ku malunga esinye sezizwe ezikwanti kuzo zonke izizwe zaseIndiya. Uhlala kwidolophana yaseTotopara, kwisithili saseJalpaiguri ukuya ntshona bengal. Baphethe a ubomi obulula kakhulu y zixhomekeke kwiziqhamo nemifuno. Nangona bezibiza ngokuba ngamaBhuda, bakwakholelwa kuthixo onguIshpa nakuthixokazi uCheima.
Ukuba uya kutyelela iJaldapara National Park, enye yezona zidumileyo kweli lizwe, iikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka eTotopara, unokundwendwela.
Singaqhubeka nokudwelisa kunye nokuchaza izizwe zamaNdiya: Irula, Nyishi, Boo, Warli, Toda, Kurumban, Soliga, Siddis, Birhor, Korku kunye nezinye ezininzi. Inyaniso kukuba xa ufunda nge-Indiya uyakuqonda ukuntsonkotha kweli lizwe, ubutyebi balo obukhulu benkcubeko kunye nomngeni omkhulu obandakanyekayo ekulawuleni nasekuyikhupheni kwintlupheko egqithisileyo apho inxalenye enkulu yabemi bayo ihlala khona.