Kiev Likomkhulu laseUkraine, kodwa ikwayintliziyo yelizwe, isixeko samandulo, esineenkulungwane zembali kunye nobutyebi benkcubeko. Nantsi edumileyo I-Kiev Caves Monastery, okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, i I-Kyivan Monastery.
Intle indlu yeemonki yamaKristu eyasekwa phakathi kweqela lemiqolomba emva phayaa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Namhlanje isasebenza kwaye, kungekhona nje enye yobuncwane baseKiev, kodwa kunye nomtsalane omkhulu wabakhenkethi.
I-Kiev Caves Monastery
Elona gama lilo I-Kyivan Cave Monastery kwaye njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili ukuba yeyobuKristu obuqhelekileyo. Yasekwa nguSan Antonio de las Cuevas embindini wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kufutshane nedolophana yaseBerestove. Ngokucacileyo ngelo xesha umqolomba wawubodwa, kodwa ixesha kunye nophuhliso lwabemi luzimisele ukuba luya kuhlala lusembindini wedolophu yaseKiev yanamhlanje.
Ukwembiwa kwezinto zakudala kufumanise oko iimonki zokuqala zemba eminye imiqolomba zaza zagqiba ekubeni zisakhe icawa phezu kwayo. Eyokuqala "abbot" okanye hegumen Indlu yeemonki yayiyiVarlaam, ngo-1057, yalandelwa nguSaint Theodosius weMiqolomba phakathi kweminyaka ye-1062 kunye ne-1074. lawula funda ebangela ukudalwa koMyalelo weSifundo. Lo mgaqo waphuhliswa kwiMonastery yaseStoudios eConstantinople, ukusukela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya phambili, kodwa yayinguSaint Theodore waseStudite owawuzisa eKiev.
Kwiinkulungwane kamva amakomanisi azama ukutshabalalisa lo myalelo wecawa yaseUkraine kwaye kukho nomfeli-nkolo owafela emasimini aseSiberia ngo-1951, phantsi kolawulo lukaStalin. Iimonki ezazisafunda kwafuneka zihambe ngokufihlakeleyo zize ziqhubeke nokholo lwazo kumangcwaba. Kodwa xa sibuyela emva, ngaloo minyaka yokuqalisa koonongendi, babenjalo iinkosana kunye neenkwenkwe zaseKyivan ezixhasa iimonki ngezipho, imali, umhlaba kunye iinqaba. Abanye bade baba ziimonki.
Iemonki yaphangwa izihlandlo eziliqela. Isibakala sokuba uninzi lweemonki zakhe yayingabantu abazizityebi, abahloniphekileyo okanye abafundileyo, samenza wabawela amaxhoba. I cumans, isizwe sasentshona saseTurkey esingoothwal’ impahlana, sahlaselwa ngowe-1096, okubi ngakumbi kweza ezinye iinkosana namaMongol Batu Khan ngowe-1240. Emva kohlaselo ngalunye kwabakho ukwakhiwa ngokutsha bavuka iicawe ezintsha kwaye amatonela amaninzi agrunjwa ngaphantsi komhlaba, imiqolomba namangcwaba akhula.
Uhlaselo, umonakalo kunye nomlilo akwenzanga nto ngaphandle kokuyandisa, ngoko, Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, umzi woonongendi wokuqala wawusele unamagumbi amathandathu. Qho ngenkulungwane yeza iintlekele zezakhiwo ezingakumbi kodwa sekunjalo, emva kwayo nganye kuzo, kwabakho ukwakhiwa ngokutsha nokwandiswa. Nditsho waba nomatshini wokushicilela obalulekileyo kunye nethala leencwadi nto leyo kalusizi yatshabalalisa umlilo omkhulu ngo-1718.
Ngaphandle komona le meko ize nayo, ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX indlu yeemonki yayityebe kakhuluYayinezixeko ezithathu, iidolophu ezisixhenxe, iilali ezingama-200 kunye needolophu ezincinci, iidistilleries ezili-150, ii-mills zomgubo ezili-150, iithaveni ezingama-200 kwaye uluhlu luyaqhubeka. Njengoko kwenzekayo kwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu, ngaxa lithile uRhulumente walahla yonke into kwaye wagcina ezi zakhiwo, ukongeza ekutshintsheni eminye imibuzo yokuqeshwa kwabaphathi beemonki. Emva koko i Ukwenziwa kweRashiya yekhaya loonongendi.
Ngaphambi kweNguqulelo yaseRashiya ye-1917 kwakukho malunga ne-1200 yeemonki kunye nabaqalayo kunye yayisisazulu sehlabathi lamandulo, ukutsala amawaka abahambi ngezonqulo. Umtsalane wawuyezinye ii-relics zeemonki ezingcwele, kodwa kunye nemiqolomba ngokwazo, ezinye zemvelaphi ye-Neolithic, apho iimonki zazihlala kwaye zangcwatywa kwasekuqaleni. I-labyrinth yetonela, iiseli, amangcwaba agrunjwe kwilitye lentlabathi kunye nothuli lodongwe ...
Imiqolomba eKude kunye neMiqolomba ekufuphi ziimitha ezintlanu ububanzi kunye neemitha ezimbini ukuphakama. Iindawo zokungcwaba ziziimitha ezi-.05 ubunzulu kunye neemitha ezi-2 ubude kunye nenye ukuphakama, kusekho iintsalela ezingcwalisiweyo zeemonki kunye neengcwele. Kwakhona kukho iicawa ezininzi eziphantsi komhlaba kunye neecawe, njengeCawa yaseVarlaam okanye iCawa yaseSan Teodosio.
Indawo yeemonki ikwisitalato iLevantameinto de Enero, phakathi kweenduli ezinemithi, kufutshane noMlambo iDnieper. Ithatha iihektare ezingama-28 kwaye ijikelezwe ziindonga. Kukho iindawo ezimbini, eziphakamileyo nezisezantsi okanye ezikude nezikufutshane kwaye kuzo zombini kukho izakhiwo ezininzi phakathi kweecawe, iimyuziyam, iimonki kwaye ngokucacileyo, imiqolomba edumileyo.
Yintoni onokuyibona kwi-Kiev Monastery yeMiqolomba
Iicawe amangcwaba, itonela kunye neemyuziyamngokusisiseko. Eyona cawa ibalulekileyo kwi-complex yi ICathedral yoNyuko yakhiwa phakathi kwe-1073 kunye ne-1078. I-Soviets yasiqhumisa isakhiwo ngo-1941 kwaye ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kwe-80s. Kukho kwakhona i Zonke iiNgcwele zeCawa, leyo yokuPhakanyiswa koMnqamlezo, eyokuZalwa kweNtombi Enyulu, eyokuVuka, IBandla likaBathathu Emnye oNgcwele...
Phakathi kwezona zakhiwo zinika umdla yi Ithala leencwadi laseFaviana, i I-Bell Tower yeMiqolomba eNtsha, la IFama okanye Indawo yokuthengisa izinto. Kukho iinqaba: i Abapeyinti Tower, la I-Clock Tower kunye ne-Onufrivska Tower, njengokuba. Phakathi kweemyuziyam yi Imyuziyam yeNcwadi kunye neNtengiso, i Miniatures Museum, i IZiko loLondolozo lweNdalo kaZwelonke, phakathi kwabanye. Musa ukulibala iindonga ezijikeleze ngokupheleleyo i-monastery. Ubuhle.
Njengoko nathi sitshilo maninzi amangcwaba kwaye phakathi kwezona ziphawulekayo yile kaSaint Kusksha, ekaNestor iChronologist, ingcwaba lika-Oleg, unyana ka-Vladimir II Monomakh, lelo ntombi yakhe u-Euphemia kunye nelo likaPopu Clement I.
Namhlanje, ngelishwa, eyona ntsalela indala yahlulwe yaba ziinxalenye ezimbini esizibiza ngasentla, lavra bajo kunye nelavra alto. Imiqolomba kunye ne-monastery esebenzayo ikwindawo esezantsi ngelixa indawo ephezulu isebenza phantsi kwegunya leMonastery yeNkcubeko yaseUkraine kwaye yintoni na. Namhlanje yaziwa njengendawo yoLondolozo lweNkcubeko kunye neMbali.
Indlela enokwenzeka? Oku kulandelayo kunconywa kubahambi ngezonqulo: ukuba bangena ngeeGates of the Caves baya kubona isitalato esihamba ecaleni kwegadi yeemonki kwaye sijikelezwe kwicala ngalinye yigalari enezidiliya. Uyawubona umlambo kwaye yiposikhadi entle. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe igalari egqunyiweyo negangathiweyo yasuka kwimiqolomba ekufuphi ukuya kwimiqolomba eKude yaza yaqhubeka isiya kwiiNduli zeMiqolomba isongeza ubuhle kuyo yonke into.
Akunandaba nokuba kukho ilanga okanye imvula, ngokunyamekela kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba uhambe kunye nemithambeka ukuncoma ubume kunye noyilo lwale ndawo intle. Igalari edibanisa amaqela amabini emiqolomba yabuyiselwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX kwaye iyafana naloo nto. Emva koko kufuneka uhambe egadini, ume phambi kwegadi Umnqamlezo wesikhumbuzo samawaka amabini eminyaka kaKristu, ukusuka apho imbono i-panoramic yayo yonke imiqolomba.
Ngaphantsi kwegadi yiMiqolomba ka-Antonio (Imiqolomba ekufuphi), ngelixa iMiqolomba yeTheodosius ingaphakathi kwenduli ejongene neCawa enkulu. Wonke umntu, abahambi ngezonqulo kunye nabakhenkethi, bathontelana ukuya kwi-Kiev Cave Monastery kunye ne-Near and Far Caves zihlakazekile kwiziseko ze-monastery. Uhambo luya kuba yinto engakholelekiyo. Ngaba unobuganga bokuyenza?