Ngokutsho kwesichazi-magama seRoyal Spanish Academy ilizwe yintsimi eyakhiwe njengombuso ozimeleyo. Ukusekwa kombuso ayisiyonto encinci kwaye sisiphelo seenkqubo ezinde zembali apho kuye kwatsalwa imida kwaye yaphinda yaphinda yakhiwa amaxesha amaninzi. Ke maninzi kangakanani amazwe namhlanje?
IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziyawamkela amazwe asemthethweni ali-194 kuwo onke amazwekazi amahlanu. Nganye inembali yayo, kodwa ukuba sijonga into ekufutshane ... Leliphi elona lizwe lidala eYurophu? Uyazi?
Elona lizwe lidala eYurophu
Nangona kuhlala kukho iingxoxo malunga nayo, IPortugal lelona lizwe lidala eYurophu. Kwaye njengoko besitshilo apha ngasentla, sisiphumo seenkqubo ezinde zembali. Kuwo wonke umhlaba, abantu baphakamise iiflegi zonqulo, ubuhlanga okanye ulwimi ukuba zilawule phakathi kwabanye, eYurophu, eMelika, e-Asiya ...
Kuwo onke amatyala abantu bakhulise uluvo ekuhlaleni ngokwabelana ngezithethe. Emva kwexesha amahla-ndinyuka ezopolitiko ayizakubumba amazwe, ethe nca ekuthandeni kwamagunya kodwa apheliswe lula xa amandla ephulukana namandla. Masicinge malunga nobukhosi base-Ottoman, iSoviet Union, uBukhosi base-Austro-Hungary ...
Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ePortugal? Isiseko saso senzeka malunga nonyaka we-1139 kwaye nangona umhla ungathethi kakhulu Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo uzinzo lwemida yayo. Ukuba yiloo nto ekufuneka uyiqwalasele ewe, iPortugal lelona lizwe lidala eYurophu.
Inyani yile yokuba ngelixa ilizwekazi liphela lafumana iimfazwe kunye novukelo olwasusa imida yalo ngokusisigxina, inkosi yatshintsha, ubukhosi batshintsha, amazwe akutshanje, idemokhrasi, iiriphabliki, ubuzwilakhe. IPortugal inembali ezolileyo. IPortugal ineenkulungwane eziphantse ezilishumi zobomi kwaye loo mida izinzile ukusukela ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ngaba uyamangaliswa kukuba yiPortugal? Ngaba ubucinga, mhlawumbi, ngeGrisi? Masikhumbule ukuba loluphi uguquko oluthathela ingqalelo, uzinzo lwemida. Emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma, ummandla wamaPhuthukezi wahlaselwa ngabantu abaliqela, phakathi kwabo ama-Arabhu, kwaye xa babenokuphinda baphinde babuye, IPortugal County, Ifakiwe kubukumkani baseCastile.
Ngokucacileyo bekukho iinzame ezininzi zokufumana ukuzimela, kwangaxeshanye befuna ukugxotha iiArabhu, ethi ekugqibeleni ifezekiswe xa IPortugal yasayina inkululeko kwi-1143, incwadi eyamkelwa nguPopu Alexander III. Ngelo xesha, u-Count Alfonso Enríquez, unyana ka-Count Enrique de Borgoña, olilungisa kwezomkhosi nakwezopolitiko. Emva kwexesha ukungqubana kobukumkani baseCastile kuya kupheliswa, ngokusayina kwe Isivumelwano seAlcañices phakathi kukaDionisio I wasePortugal noFernando IV waseCastile.
Eso sivumelwano ikwalungelelanise imida phakathi kobukumkani bePorugal kunye neLeón. Emva kwemfazwe, iPortugal yakwazi ukugxila kuphuhliso lwayo kwaye le yindlela engena ngayo kwifowuni «Ubudala Bokufumanisa Izinto». Iinqanawa zakhe zazihamba elwandle, zihlola unxweme lwaseAfrika, zadibana nomanyano phakathi kweAtlantiki kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ngeCape of Good Hope, zangena eMzantsi naseMzantsi Melika, zahlala iBrazil, zafika eMpuma.
Amazwe kwiLizwe elitsha amnike ubutyebi obutsha ibambene nemayini, igolide kunye namatye axabisekileyo enza inkundla kaKing John V yaba yenye yezona zityebileyo eYurophu. Emva kwexesha waba neengxabano zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Inyaniso, inkulungwane ye-XNUMX yayingeyonto ezolileyo njengoko yayineendidi zonke zemvukelo kwanesibhengezo somkhosi. Ngapha koko, phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba neyamashumi amabini, ubukhosi baqala ukudilika kwaye nePortugal yayinjalo.
IPortugal yangqubana neNgilane amatyeli amaninzi, ngaphandle kwethamsanqa, ke ekugqibeleni oko kube nefuthe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ewe, kumandla Ubukhosi obapheliswa ngo-Okthobha u-1910. Emva koko kwiriphabliki kwazalwa, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwelizwe IMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, ukuthathwa kwamandla komkhosi kunye yayingu-salazar, Kwinkundla yamaNazi.
Ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kuye kwachaphazela iPortugal. Akukho mntu wayefuna ukuyeka izinto zakhe zaphesheya kodwa babe sele beziimeko ezingalawulekiyo. Emva koko kwangena iPortugal Imfazwe eAngola, eGuinea Bissau, eMozambiki. Iingxaki ezingaphandle azizithambisanga iingxaki zangaphakathi kwaye ke, kula mashumi eminyaka alandelayo iPortugal yafumana ubunzima obungenakuthelekiswa nanto obakhokelela koko kubizwa ngokuba I-Carnation Revolution, ngo-1974.
Phakathi komkhosi kunye nomngcipheko wobukomanisi, bekunjalo Ngeminyaka yoo-70, eli lizwe lagqibela ngokunqamla amakhonkco namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, beqonda inkululeko yabo.. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo yedemokhrasi yaqala ukuzinza kwaye Ngo-1976 umongameli wokuqala wonyulwa yi-universal suffrage.
Ngoku, ukuba sijonga enye into eyahlukileyo, ewe, kukho izizwe ezindala kunePortugal. Njengokuba, EGrisi, kunye nokuhambelana kwenkcubeko kwamawaka eminyaka. Ngokucacileyo, iinkulungwane zivelise utshintsho kubume bezopolitiko nakwimida yayo kwaye akufuneki sithelekise umda wangoku kunye neGrisi yakudala, kodwa inkcubeko yayo yantlandlolo isabonakala nanamhlanje kwaye iyamisela njenge lelinye lawona mazwe amadala hayi e-Europe kuphela kodwa nasehlabathini.
IPortugal, Greece, kufuneka sityumbe Sen Marino. Lilizwe elincinci kodwa ilizwe ekugqibeleni kwaye ikwangoyena mdala eYurophu nakwihlabathi liphela. Ngokusemthethweni iSan Marino yenziwa ngonyaka ka-301 ngesandla samatye angamaKristu, uMarinus waseDalmatia, owashiya isiqithi saseArbe ebaleka umgaqo-nkqubo olwa ubuKristu woMlawuli waseRoma uDiocletian. Weza apha, wazimela kwiNtaba iTitano, kwaye waseka indawo encinci.
Ngokucacileyo iSan Marino yayisezandleni zamagunya angabamelwane, kodwa ngowe-1631 iVatican yade yakwamkela ukuzimela kwayo. Kwiminyaka kamva, kwi-1797, yayisaziwa yiFrance, kwaye ngo-1815 ngamanye amazwe amaninzi eYurophu. Ukuzimela kwayo kwakusemngciphekweni ngamanye amaxesha, umzekelo ngexesha lokudityaniswa kwe-Itali, kodwa yakwazi ukuyikhusela ngokusayina izivumelwano ezininzi.
Ngelixa iSan Marino yindawo encinci, asinakuthetha okufanayo EFransi. Ukusekwa kwesi sizwe kungalandelwa emva kokuqhekeka koBukhosi obuNgcwele baseRoma ngo-843 okanye ekungeneni kwetrone kaKumkani uClovis ngo-481. Masithathe umhla okanye omnye, inyani yeyokuba iFrance ibikade ikho ixesha. ewe Imozulu.
Singathetha malunga Armeniya , ephethe umhlaba wayo ubuncinci iminyaka engama-2600, ye Bhulgariya y Ewe ngaphandle kweYurophu iJapan, i-Iran i-Egypt ne-Ethiopia ziphakathi kwamazwe amadala.