Ngaba unomdla wokufota? Ayisiyo eyedolophu enkulu yasentshona eyilwe ziifemu zala maxesha zokwakha. Ayikho eYurophu, ayikho eMelika. Kukwilizwe lama-Arab ekuthiwa Yemen, KuSingasiqithi weArabhiya.
Isixeko kuthiwa Shibam kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yezi zakhiwo ziphezulu kukuba kungene kuluhlu lwe Ilifa leMveli kunyaka ophelile. Sisixeko sakudala, esineenkulungwane ezininzi zobukho, kodwa sahlukile kwezinye izixeko zamaxesha aphakathi ngokuchanekileyo ngumgaqo wokuma kolwakhiwo lwaso. Ijongeka ngathi sisixeko sanamhlanje kodwa sakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
IsiXeko esiDala ngeDonga saseShibam
Esi sixeko sikwabizwa ngokuba UShibam Hadramaut kwaye nangona sisitsho ukuba lixesha eliphakathi ngokwenyani imvelaphi yalo indala nangakumbi kuba okokuqala igama lalo livela kumbhalo okwinkulungwane yesithathu BC. Yayilikomkhulu lobukumkani baseHadramawt, eyayifudula ihleli kumazantsi epeninsula yaseArabia neyayikade ikhusela iBritane de kwaba kungurhulumente wobukhosi baseAsiya embindini wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
Isixeko samandulo simi kumbindi osentshona, kufutshane neRamlat al-Sab`tayn entlango, entlanjeni. Intlango inendawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezingamawaka angama-26 zeendunduma ezingacocekanga eziwela ngohola wendlela odibanisa izixeko ezithile kule ndawo yelizwe. Isixeko saseShibam inyuka ivela elunxwemeni lweliwa kwaye ibekwe kwindawo ebalulekileyo yendlela yeekharavani zeziqholo kunye neziqholo ezazinqumla kumathafa aseArabhu asemazantsi.
Inyani yile yokuba i-UNESCO iyibonakalisile kulo nyaka uphelileyo phakathi kweZiza zayo zeLifa leMveli leHlabathi kuba inoyilo olwahluke ngokwenene. Emveni kwakho konke, zizakhiwo ezakhiwe ngezitena zodaka ayikuko ukuba kukho enye okanye ezimbini, kodwa zibaliwe namhlanje malunga ne-500 kwaye banayo ubude phakathi kwamabali amahlanu anelishumi elinanye, kwaye kumgangatho ngamnye kukho igumbi elinye okanye amabini. Akukubi nge-Middle Ages Asia, akunjalo?
Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze abantu bakhe ezi ndlu kudala kangaka? Ababhali-mbali bathi Olu hlobo loyilo lwenzelwe ukukhusela abemi kuhlaselo lwamaBedouin, kumkani basentlango. Isixeko esixineneyo, eside, esixinzekileyo kubonakala kunzima ngakumbi ukuhlasela, ukuhlala kuso nokuphanga kunesinye esivulekileyo nesibanzi. Nangona unanamhla ezi ziimpawu zayo, kubonakala ngathi ngaxa lithile lalinezakhiwo ezimalunga ne-30 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Ke, ngesizathu esivakalayo ihlala yaziwa ngokuba "sesona sixeko sakha sakha sakha sasindala ehlabathini" okanye "Manhattan yasentlango". Ubuhle obungaqhelekanga nobunomdla wokuba, ukuze igcinwe kwaye ikhuselwe kukhukuliseko (khumbula izitena zodaka nendawo yazo embindini wentlango), kufuneka ichukunyiswe ngalo lonke ixesha ngodaka olutsha. Ukuphulukana namanqanaba ke ngumsebenzi oqhubekayo.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX abarhwebi beza esixekweni bevela e-Asiya bayihlaziya, kwaye ukusukela ngoko iyanda kwicala lasezantsi de kwaphantse kwasekwa indawo entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-al-Sahil. Kodwa ukushiywa kolawulo lwezikhukula lwakudala olusetyenziswa ngamafama kunye nokugcwala kakhulu kweenkqubo zemveli zococeko, xa iinkqubo zonikezelo lwamanzi zale mihla zifike, zagqibela ngokwazisa utshintsho oluninzi kwaye ayizizo zonke ezilungileyo.
Kwa kunjalo, ngaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ndandinezakhiwo ezininzi kunangoku. Kwenzeka ukuba ngo-2008 intlambo yafumana isikhukula kwaye ezinye izakhiwo zaphela zadilika ngenxa yempembelelo yamanzi. Kwaye emva konyaka IAl Qaeda yahlasela isixeko ukongeza iingxaki. Kodwa uyilo lwayo olumangalisayo lufikelele kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngayo yonke imilingo yayo: uyilo lwedolophu eluxande kunye nezakhiwo, izitrato kunye nezikwere.
Kunjalo ine mosque, indala okoko yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX ukuya kweye-XNUMX, yaye inqaba eyakhiwe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, nangona kusaziwa ukuba le ndawo yayihlalwa ngaphambi kokufika kwamaSilamsi. Nangona isixeko singasafani nakuqala, imbonakalo yomhlaba ihlala iphantse yafana neenkulungwane ezidlulileyo: isixeko sezakhiwo ezide kakhulu kunxweme lwentlango, ingqongwe ngumhlaba onikezelwe kwezolimo. Inkqubo yezoqoqosho eye yanyamezela ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ibandakanya ukwenziwa okuqhubekayo kwezitena, isithethe sakudala ekungekho mizila kuzo kwezinye iindawo zommandla.
Yintoni Inkqubo ithathelwe ingqalelo yi-UNESCO ukuhlonipha isixeko esidala saseShibam njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli leHlabathi? Ewe, izixeko ezinqatyisiweyo zininzi kodwa iShibam inye kuphela: yiyo oyena mzekelo mdala wamandulo wendawo yokuhlala ecwangcisiweyo kwaye isekwe kulwakhiwo olunamabali amaninzi. Imele owona mzekelo uphumeleleyo woyilo lweedolophu zaseHadrami kwaye ivela kwithafa elihlala likhukula, kungoko kungumceli mngeni wokwenene.
Ifumaneka phakathi kweentaba ezimbini kunye phantse kude ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iidolophuIyamangalisa kwaye iyamangalisa indlela aba bantu abazigcine ngayo izithethe zabo kwaye baziqhelanisa nehlabathi elingasoloko lilungile. Izakhiwo zaseShibam aziwuchazanga umhlaba kwaye i-adventure yolwakhiwo kunye nolondolozo ihleli njengembonakalo yemfazwe phakathi kweentsapho ezinamandla zommandla ngexesha elinzima kwimbali yasekhaya, ukusuka nge-XNUMX ukuya kwi-XNUMX leminyaka, xa ubutyebi bezorhwebo baba ngamandla ezopolitiko.
Eyona nto ilunge kakhulu yile Ukuqeshwa kwe-UNESCO kuqinisekisile ukugcinwa kwayo. Yayisele ikhuselwe yimithetho embalwa yase-Yemeni kodwa ngoku kukho icebo lokugcina ulondolozo lwedolophu, ukuba, ukuba livunyiwe kwezi nyanga, kufuneka lilondoloze imali ukuyenza ihlale ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane ezininzi. Inyani yokuba yindawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi inyanzela iYemen ukuba ibeke iibhetri.
Ukuba uyabuza ukuba kukho abakhenkethi abaza eShibam Impendulo nguewe: bahamba ngezitalato zayo, bahlala ngorhatya bathabathe amakhulu emifanekiso kwaye banako ukungena kwizakhiwo. Akukho amawaka, kodwa kukho abantu abakhuthazwayo ukuba baye e-Yemen. Eyona inomdla, ngokwendalo.