Izolo sikuphathele eyokuqala kula manqaku mabini, onokuwafunda apha. Kuyo, sathetha nawe ngokufutshane kwaye sakunika uthotho lweenkcukacha ezinomdla malunga noDonga Olukhulu lwase China nayo yonke into ejikeleze ulwakhiwo lwayo oludumileyo. Namhlanje sikulethela ulwazi oluthe kratya, kodwa ngeli xesha malunga nenye indawo enkulu ongafanele uyihoye xa usiya kwilizwe laseAsia: Umkhosi waseTerracotta okanye okwaziwa ngokuba "Amagorha eTerracotta".
Umlando omncinci
El i-mausoleum yasebukhosini yeQin Shi Huangdi Imele ubuchule obupheleleyo kwisithethe somngcwabo waseTshayina. Indlu yokungcwaba yasebukhosini ngokwayo iphantsi kwenduli eyenziweyo, kunye neempahla zayo ezingcwabayo, kwaye kwigumbi elisecaleni kukho umkhosi obizwa ngokuba yi-terracotta, ukuveliswa kwakhona komkhosi wobukhosi.
Umzobo kaQin Shi Huangdi
Kude kube nguloo mhla, iimpahla zamangcwaba asebukhosini zazenziwe ngobhedu, ithambo, izinto zejeyidi kunye namanani amancinci omthi abonisa abalinganiswa abohlukileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kwakungokwesiko ukungcwaba abasindileyo abaswelekileyo namashweshwe ephila, ukuze akwazi ukonwabela ukuhlala nawo. Oku kwenzeke de uConfucius waligxeka kabukhali eli siko, evelisa ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwabantu bokwenyani ngokuvelisa okufanayo kwimithi yokukrola nasemva kwekheramic.
Ukuyilwa kwe «Terracotta Army»
U-Qin Shi Huangdi uthathe isigqibo sokudibanisa zombini ezi zithethe: kunye nomkhosi wakhe we-terracotta, uninzi lwabantu ababethathe inxaxheba emsebenzini bangcwatywa, kunye nabasebenzi benkundla yakhe. Yinto emele i-mausoleum yasebukhosini namhlanje: iyonke amangcwaba amane banqunyulwe ngokugqibeleleyo bahlala kumalungu omkhosi, ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo naleyo yomlo wokwenene. Iinqanaba zokuqala zihambelana nokukhanya okuhambahambayo, okungekho nto yokukhusela. Emva kwamajoni anezixhobo kunye nemikhonto yentsimbi, kwaye ngasemva nangasemva, ngumkhosi wamahashe.
Kwi-vanguard ngamajoni axhotyiswe ngeminqamlezo, kwaye emacaleni, abatoli, abanye babo bemelwe ngedolo elinye emhlabeni. Ngasemva, kukho ikomkhulu elineenqwelo zobhedu kunye nemikhonto, kunye nenani elipheleleyo lamanani angama-68 ajongene.
Umkhosi weTerracotta wawunamanani angama-5000, onke enziwe ngetyuwa, njengoko igama lisitsho. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubeka kokugrumba ngaphezulu kwe Amanani angama-8000. Imizimba kunye nemilenze yabo yenziwa ngokubumba, kodwa ubuso ngobuso bubonisa unyango olwenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Inkqubo ye- Ubude obukwi-avareji kula manani ngu 1,68 mitha kwaye kwezinye iimeko kusekho i-polychrome apho onke amanani agutyungelweyo. Amajoni onke aphethe izixhobo eziyinyani ezazibiwe ngabaphangi bethuna emva kokuwa kweQin.
Okwangoku akonwabanga umlawuli, wayefuna ukurekhoda umngcwabo wakhe ngaphandle kwawo kwaye wayalela ukuba kuphakanyiswe induli kuwo. Nangona kunjalo, inkangeleko yangaphakathi yengcwaba yaziwa kuphela kwinkcazo kaSima Qian ngayo. Ithetha ngombono wezambatho zezulu, ezinenkwenkwezi ngeeperile, zamazwe awele imilambo ye-mercury nesilivere. Yonke into izikweko ukubonisa ukuba umlawuli wokuqala waseTshayina wayejikelezwe bubutyebi obungenakubalwa.
Kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokufa komlawuli waseTshayina, ubukhosi bakhe, eyasekwa njengengafiyo, wabhujiswa. Kodwa i-dynastic denomination yanika igama layo kwilizwe elingaphandle kwemida yalo, kwaye ukusukela ngoko i-China yaqala ukuthethwa ngentsingiselo ye "Ilizwe leziko", "Ilizwe leHan" o "Katay".
Un inyani enomdla malunga nalo mkhosi, kodwa uninzi lwazo zonke yomlawuli wakhe, kukuba ingcwaba lakhe elenziwe ngephiramidi alikavulwa kude kube ngoku kuba abembi bezinto zakudala ngokwabo bathe ukuyivula ngokuqinisekileyo kuyakuphulukana nenxalenye yexabiso eliqulathwe ngaphakathi, kuba oko kungonakalisa izinto ezithile ezenziwe ngazo.
Okunye inyani enomdla, ngeli xesha malunga umkhosi, ayingawo onke amanani anempawu ezifanayo, kodwa ubuso babo bahlukile. Zihambelana nezizwe ezahlukeneyo zaseTshayina kwakukho.
Siyathemba ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku liphindwe kabini malunga neendawo ezimbini ezintle ekufuneka undwendwele China. Ukuba kunjalo, sazise ngezimvo ukuze siqhubeke nokubonelela kule bhlogi into othanda ukuyifunda kwaye uyazi.