Xa ndandisengumntwana kwakukho uthotho lweTV oludumileyo olubizwa ngokuba IMasadaUmdlalo wembali oneenkwenkwezi zomzuzu onje ngoPeter O'Toole, Peter Strauss noBarbara Carrera. Kulapho ndaqala khona ukuva igama leMasada kunye nebali layo. inqaba kwintlango yakwaYuda kwaSirayeli.
Namhlanje amabhodlo, amakhulu kwaye asemagqabini, enza i Ipaki yeSizwe yaseMasada kwaye banjalo Ilifa leMveli, ke ukuba ngenye imini uye utyelele u-Israyeli awunako ukubashiya kwindlela yakho.
IMasada
Amanxuwa aqulathe amabhotwe neenqaba ezakhiwe kwinduli entlango yelakwaYuda, kufutshane noLwandle Olufileyo, kuSirayeli wale mihla. Umdlalo kamabonakude obukhe wakhankanya apha ngasentla usixelela ngexesha lokugqibela emfazweni phakathi kwamaJuda namaRoma, eyaziwa kwimbali njengovukelo olukhulu lwamaJuda. Abantu abangamaYuda bazimela apha kwaye amaRoma ayingqinga le ndawo kwaye bamrhangqa ngqwabalala de amabanjwa akhetha ukuzibulala ngokudibeneyo.
Yiyo loo nto iMasada iyinto efanayo nesizwe samaYuda kunye nokuzimisela kwabo njengabantu. Ukusukela ngonyaka we-1966 wonke lo mmandla uyiPaki kaZwelonke, ukusukela ngo-1983 ibiyinxalenye yeYudean Desert Nature Reserve kwaye ukusukela ngo-2001 ibiyindawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ngokwe-UNESCO.
Indawo emi kuyo iMasada yinxalenye yetectonic massif esencinci, ngaphandle kokhukuliseko olukhulu, ukumila ngokungaqhelekanga kodwa ifana kakhulu nepiramidi ngaphandle kwenqaku. Ithafa ke ngoko lilinganisa malunga neemitha ezingama-645 ubude nge-315 ububanzi, kunye nommandla opheleleyo malunga neehektare ezili-9. Kwicala elingasempuma kukho amawa amakhulu amane eemitha ukuphakama kwaye kwelinye icala ajikeleze ikhulu leemitha. Ke, ukufikelela phezulu kunzima.
Nangona kwafunyanwa iindawo zokuhlala zamandulo, ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uFlavio Josefo le nqaba yakhiwa ngukumkani waseHasmonean u-Alexander Janneo kwaye ukufunyanwa kweemali ezithile kunye ne-stucco ukusukela ngelo xesha kuya kubonisa ukuba umbono awuphosakalanga. Kodwa imbali esinomdla kuyo iMasada kamva kwaye ivela ngexesha lokoyiswa kwelakwaYuda nguPompey.
Ikumkani UHerode, odumileyo, ahlala amalungu osapho lwakhe apha ngelixa esiya eRoma eyokucela ukuqiniswa ukulawula lo mmandla. Inqaba emva koko yema ngxi ekungqingweni okunzima ngamaParthi, kwaye kuphela yimvula engummangaliso eyabasindisayo ekubeni banyanzelwe, njengoko babephelelwe ngamanzi. Ngeli xesha, eRoma, uHerode wayifumana inkxaso awayeyifuna kwaye wabuya Kumkani wakwaYuda ngokuthe ngcembe woyisa lo mmandla, de ekugqibeleni wawisa iYerusalem.
Kodwa babengamaxesha oxinzelelo: exhaswa nguMarco Antonio Cleopatra VII wabandisa ubukumkani bakhe, ngoko uHerode womeleza iMasada ecinga ukuba ngenye imini uyakudinga indawo engenakoyiswa. Kumashumi asixhenxe eminyaka emva kokusweleka kwakhe, Imfazwe yokuqala yamaJuda-eyamaRoma okoko ukungavisisani bekukho kwi-crescendo. Iqela lamaYuda anenzondelelo asebenze kwimvukelo, abanye bajoyina kwaye ke ekugqibeleni iqela ICopó Masada ibulala ikampu yamaRoma ime apho.
Kwiminyaka elandelayo le ndawo yayiyintaba-mlilo kwaye iMasada yachongwa njengeyona ndawo ingalawulekiyo. Emva koko amaRoma athabatha amanyathelo ngalo mbandela aza agqiba kwelokuba abulale iimbacu ezingamaYuda apho yayijikeleze ngeenkampu ezininzi zomkhosi. Umphathi wacwangcisa yonke into ngokweenkcukacha, egxile ekungeneni kwithambeka lasentshona. Emva kokuzama ngokungaphumeleli ukungena ezindongeni, wagqiba kwelokuba akhe ithambeka elathi emva kweeveki ezimbalwa lafikelela kubude beemitha ezili-100.
Emva koko Iinyanga ezisixhenxe zokungqinga I-ramp yagqitywa kwaye i-30 yeemitha eziphakamileyo zentsimbi eyomeleleyo yongqingo yakhiwa ngaphezulu. Ukusuka apha amaRoma adubula kwaye inkunzi yegusha eyayinika udonga yasebenza. Emva kwethutyana amaRoma aqonda ukuba amaJuda ayakhe enye enzima emva kodonga, ke ngoko bakurhoxisa oku kuhlasela batshisa eso sakhiwo.
AmaJuda angaphakathi eMasada ayenengxaki kwaye agqiba kwelokuba azibulale: amadoda abulala usapho lwakhe emva koko akhetha abalishumi ukuba babulalane. Kwaye ke de kwasala umntu omnye, owathi ngokuhlala yedwa watshisa inqaba. Xa amaRoma angena ekugqibeleni, afumana ingcwaba.
Kodwa yafunyanwa nini iMasada ngabembi bezinto zakudala? Kwakusekuqaleni XIX kwinkulungwane, ngo-1838 ngokukodwa. Ukusukela ngoko lo mmandla unomdla kakhulu kwaye yonke into yagrunjwa yaza yenziwa imephu. Ukombiwa kwezinto zakudala ezinkulu kwenzeka ngee-60s.
Ukhenketho lwaseMasada
Yintoni enokwenzeka ukuyibona eMasada? El entshona complex Iyafikeleleka ukusuka eArad, ngendlela 3199. Apha uza kubona i- ukwakhiwa ngokutsha koomatshini baseRoma Ukusuka kwindawo ukuya eMasada irampu ukunyuka kwayo kubandakanya imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 yokunyuka, i amaqula akudala asemantla yemba intaba kwaye, ngexabiso elahlukileyo, ungahlala ulale ententeni. kukho kwakhona umboniso okhanyayo kunye nesandi ebusuku kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga.
Kwithafa elisentabeni kukho Amabhodlo eNyakatho yeBhotwe, yintoni eseleyo kwibhotwe likaHerode elinemigangatho emithathu eline-mosaic floor kunye nemizobo esele yenziwe kwakhona, amabhodlo e isinagoge kuphela elaseleyo ukusuka ngexesha leTempile yesibini, igumbi apho amagama abo bonke abantu ababethwayo afunyanwa, uninzi lwamaJuda awayevalelwe eMasada ngexesha lemvukelo, a icawa yase-byzantine eyakhelwe iimonki ezihlala yedwa Ibhotwe laseNtshona, yayinkulu kwaye isusela ngexesha likaHerode, i iibhafu zamaRoma, amagumbi amagosa enziwe ngemizobo kunye itanki yomzantsi, indawo enkulu phantsi kwentaba.
Ukungena kuLwandle oluFileyo, indlela engama-90, umntu ungena ngomnyango osempuma apho kukho Ivenkile yezipho, isikhululo soncedo lokuqala, a yokutyela kunye cafe.
Nantsi ke ifayile ye- IMyuziyam yaseMasada Yigal Yadin, ivulwe ngo-2007, ebonelela ngamava alandelayo ngeziganeko ezijikeleze inqaba, inika okuhle yangasemva kutyelelo, i intambo okusa emnyango weNdlela yeNyoka, eyona inzima, ngoku enokugutyungelwa ngeenyawo, kubandakanya iyure enesiqingatha ezantsi.
Utyelelo lumnandi ngokwenene. Unga bhukisha umnyango weMasada National Park kwi-intanethi, ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni, ukhetha umhla.