Injalo loo nto Ulwandle iSargasso lolwandle kuphela olungenonxwemeAmanzi ayo awaluhlambi unxweme lalo naliphi na ilizwekazi. Ubusazi? Ngokuqinisekileyo uvile okanye wayifunda phaya, kodwa ngaba uyazi iphi o unempawu ezinjani okanye kutheni ibizwa njalo?
Namhlanje, inqaku lethu limalunga noLwandle lweSargasso, ulwandle olugcwele ulwelwe olunjalo lulwandle kuphela oluchazwa ngokweempawu zomzimba kunye nezebhayoloji.
Ulwandle lweSargasso
Okokuqala, ikuphi? Yindawo yoLwandlekazi lweAtlantic, inkulu kakhulu, imilo elliptical. Ime phakathi kwe-meridians 70º kunye ne-40º kunye ne-25º ukuya kwi-35ºN, kwinxalenye esemantla ye-North Atlantic.
Intshona yoLwandle lwaseSargasso iqhuba Ukusasazeka kweGulf, emazantsi UMzantsi weKhweyitha yangoku nakwimpuma I-Canary yangoku kwaye iquka iyonke 5.2 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezizikweres, 3.200 yeekhilomitha ubude kwaye ngaphezulu nje kwe-1.100 yeekhilomitha ububanzi. Into efana nesibini kwisithathu solwandle, into encinci, okanye isinye kwisithathu somhlaba waseUnited States.
Sitshilo kwisihloko senqaku ukuba kuphela kolwandle olungenalo ulwandlekazi ukusukela oko okuphela komhlaba wobunzima obuhombisa indawo yakho ziziqithi zeBermuda. Ngapha koko, kunjalo apha kulapho unxantathu odumileyo waseBermuda ukhona, amanye amacandelo olwandle ngokwawo, amanye alulwandle lonke.
Inyaniso enomdla kukuba Kwafunyanwa ngethuba lokuqala lukaChristopher Columbus eMelika ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwaye, enyanisweni, yena ngokwakhe ubhekisa kuphawu oluthile lolu lwandle oluye lwaphela ekugqibeleni ukulunika igama: "Imifuno eluhlaza" eyayimininzi emanzini nangoku. Ngokwenyani, ayisiyo imifuno kodwa i-algae, yohlobo lwe-macroalgae eyaziwa njenge ISagarssumKwiSargassum.
Amaqondo obushushu ashushu olwandle enze indawo elungileyo ukuba i-algae ivelise kwaye, ngenxa yemisinga ethe ngandlela ithile yavingcela ulwandle, i-algae iye yahlala ngaphakathi, embindini, ihlala ithatha indawo ingozi yokwenene kubakhweli bezikhephe. Kungenxa yokuba ngamanye amaxesha kukho "imihlambi" yokwenyani yale algae.
Igama lanikwa ngabaqhubi beenqanawa basePortugal, babhaptiza zombini ulwandle kunye nolwandle. Ngeli xesha aba bathengi babecinga ukuba yindalo eshinyeneyo ngamanye amaxesha ecothisa ukuhamba kwenqanawa, kodwa namhlanje kuyaziwa ukuba oyena nobangela kwaye yiGulf Stream.
Zeziphi izinto ezibonakalayo kuLwandle lweSargasso? Ekuqaleni akukho moya waselwandle okanye imisinga Kwindawo yesibini I-algae kunye neplankton zininzi. Sele sitshilo ukuba ulwelwe lwakha amahlathi ayinyani anokuhlala kumhlaba wonke obonakalayo wamanzi, ongeze kwi ukungabikho komoyaInokubacaphukisa abo bahamba ngomkhumbi. Kukho imisinga emacaleni, ejikelezileyo, kodwa zinqumleza ngokubangela ukuba amanzi angaphakathi ahambe kwisangqa esijolise kwicala elihamba ngokwewotshi.
Iziko leesangqa alinantshukumo ibonakalayo kwaye lizolile kakhulu. I "chicha ezolileyo" edumileyo ngokoyikwa ngoomatiloshe bamandulo. Imijikelezo engqonge amanzi afudumeleyo ashushu kwaye ahamba ngaphezulu kwamanzi anzulu, axineneyo kwaye abandayo.
Le meko, amanzi anexineneyo eyahlukileyo, yiyo le nto yenza ukuba iplankton itye iitrate kunye neephosphates phezu komhlaba, apho ilanga lifika khona. kodwa kwangaxeshanye, iyaqinisekisa ukuba la manzi awaxubeki namanzi abandayo ahamba ngezantsi kwaye awakwazi ukubuyisela iityiwa ezilahlekileyo.
Ukusuka apha oko akukho bomi bezilwanyana kuLwandle lweSargasso. Zili-10 iintlobo ze-algae, ezinje nge-Latreute shrimp, isargassensis anemone, inkumba yaseLithiopa okanye iindiza minutus crab. Asinakusilela ukuyikhankanya into yokuba le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ze-eel ezizalela apha, kwiminenga okanye ufudo. Amaqokobhe enathi yindawo yokuzala, yokufuduka kunye nendawo yokondla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi ayina mvula ingako, ke kukho umphunga ongaphezulu kokufika kwamanzi. Kufuphi lulwandle olunetyuwa eninzi kunye nezondlo ezimbalwa kakhulu. Inokulingana nenkqantosi yolwandle. Inemida eyahlukileyo kwaye kwenzeka okufanayo kubunzulu bayo, obhalise malunga neemitha ezili-150 kwiindawo ezithile kodwa ufikelela kumawaka asixhenxe kwezinye.
Kodwa kwenzeka njani ukuba olo lwandle lwenziwe embindini woLwandlekazi lweAtlantic? SYenziwa ziinkqubo zejoloji ezenzeka kuqweqwe lolwandle olungasekhoyo, iTethys. Uyayikhumbula iPangea engummangaliso? Ewe, ukuqhekeka kuyo, okuphakathi kwamazwekazi akhoyo ase-Afrika naseMntla Melika, kwakha indawo apho amanzi aseTethys aye khona ukuba yinxalenye yoLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngoku. Oku kuqhubekile ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-100 yezigidi eyadlulayo.
Emva kwexesha, xa uGondwana waqhekeka kumaXesha amaCretaceous, kwavela iSouth Atlantic. Ngexesha le-Cenozoic Era ulwandle lwayandisa imida yalo kunye neziqithi ezikuyo yonke indawo zingumsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo obonakalisa ubomi basemhlabeni.
Ekugqibeleni, Ngaba ikhona into esongela uLwandle lweSargasso? Indoda, mhlawumbi? Uyifumene kakuhle! Imodeli yethu yophuhliso loqoqosho esekwe kwimveliso rhoqo yeempahla kunye nokusetyenziswa kuvelisa junk kwaye yinkunkuma, ngokuchanekileyo, esongela ulwandle. Ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali, inkunkuma yeplastiki kunye nokuhamba ngesikhephe ngokulula kuyayiphazamisa indalo yoLwandle iSargasso. Nokuba ukude kunxweme lwelizwekazi.
Ngethamsanqa Ngo-2014 iSibhengezo saseHamilton sasayinwa phakathi kwe-United Kingdom, i-Monaco, i-United States, i-Azores Islands kunye ne-Bermuda ukuyikhusela, kodwa… iya kuhlala ibonwa ukuba yenziwe nyani na.